Management Loes Final Exam Review

The contingency approach to management is best characterized by the short phrase ____

"it depends"

The basic tenets of capitalism were set forth the book, The Wealth of Nations, written by ____

Adam Smith

____ is the pattern of concentrating authority in a relatively few, high-level positions.

Centralization

What term describes a person's faith that his other decision are reliable and good?

Confidence

____ is a business-level strategy aimed at achieving overall lowest cost structure in an industry.

Cost leadership

Which of the following refers to those who purchase an organization's goods and/or services?

Customers

____ refers to the assignment of work activities and authority to a subordinate?

Delegation

What is the overall condition of the complex interactions of economies throughout the world?

Economic dimension

Which of the following refers to the relationship of people to resources?

Economic forces

Which of the following refers to using resources in a way that produces a desired result?

Effectively

____refers to the tendency to persist with a failing course of action.

Escalation of commitment

What name is given to the sale of goods and services to foreign markets?

Exporting

Which of the factors outside the organization that may affect the managers actions?

External environment

Which of the following refers to the receiver's response to the sender's communication?

Feedback

The theorist who studied the motions of bricklayers and nearly tripled their productivity was ____

Frank Gilbreth

What term describes the broad complex factors that affect all organizations?

General environment

What name is given to the final result that affirm wishes to achieve?

Goal

What name is given to informal communication channels, found in virtually all organizations?

Grapevine

____ of a plan is where the organization goes from the "thinking" mode to the "doing" mode.

Implementation

_____ refers to a tax levied on goods bought outside its borders and imported into the country.

Import tariff

____ is the relationships among positions that are not connected by the organizational chart.

Informal organization

What term describes the condition of having too much material to process?

Information overload

____ refers to the buying, selling, and trading of goods & services across national boundaries.

International business

What name is given to individuals who work with information in the workplace?

Knowledge workers

What term describes determining what the organization will accomplish?

Planning

What tern describes the relationship of individuals, their rights, their property to the state?

Political forces

Which of the following refers to a person's capacity to influence the behavior of others?

Power

____refers to the difference between a desired situation and the actual situation.

Problem

____ is a set of theories that try to determine how and why employees are motivated to perform.

Process theories

____ is the maximum number of units of a particular product that may be imported into a country.

Quota

____is a personal power that results when one person identifies with and admires another.

Referent power

____ refers to the individual's burden of accountability in an organization.

Responsibility

The work of W. Edwards Deming is most appropriately classified in which theory of management?

Systems

What term describes the assumption that people are naturally lazy?

Theory X

An American company owns a film-manufacturing facility in Italy is an example of ____

a direct investment

An organization is ____

a group of people working together to achieve goals

In SWOT analysis an ability that a company possesses that may give a distinctive competence is ____

a strength

When a department in an organization has a high level of absenteeism, we are dealing with ____

a symptom of a problem, not the problem itself

Effective use of an organization's resources means ____

achieving the intended result

The first Lady's primary source of power is ____

affiliative

The United States' prohibition of the importing of Cuban cigars is an example of ____

an embargo

In analyzing their external environment, most organizations find that it presents ____

both threats and opportunities

The first step in strategic planning is ____

determining the mission and strategic goals

The task environment includes all of the following except ____

environmentalists

The channel of communication most appropriate when a manager has to for an employee ____

face to face

As defined in the text, organizations are groups of individuals who work together to achieve ____

goals and objectives important to them

The so-called "Protestant ethic" held that ____

hard work and self-denial would lead to a better afterlife

Experts generally agree that the first step in decision making is ____

identifying the problem

The purchase of goods and services from a foreign source defines ____

importing

A negative effect of the informal organization, particularly in times of crisis, may well be ____

inaccurate information

The real cause of the increase in output at Western Electric's Hawthorne plant was ____

increased attention paid to workers

When a manager uses skills such as communicating and listening, he or she is using ____

interpersonal skills

The classical model of decision making ____

is prescriptive; it says how managers should make decisions.

In the process of organizing, a first or basic step is usually grouping tasks into ____

jobs

Which of the following refers an organization's fundamental purpose ____

mission

When the manager of the Boston Red Sox chooses his starting line-up for his next game, he is ____

planning

A general problem in our society, and one that contributes to too many communication breakdowns, is ____

poor listening

When an industry is profitable, firms in the industry must be alert to ____

potential new competitors

All of the following are steps in the planning process EXCEPT ____

request input from potential customers

When an organization gives someone authority, it expects something in return, namely ____

responsibility

Most business people engaged in international trade underestimate the importance of ____

social and cultural differences

Studying business ethics will not necessarily ____

tell you what you ought to do

The birth of the human relations approach to motivation can be traced to ____

the Hawthorne studies

In a decision-making situation where the decision maker satisfices, ____

the first satisfactory alternative is chosen

Authority may be defined as ____

the legitimate use of power

Ethical violations destroy ____

trust

There are three conditions that affect decision making: certainty, risk, and ____

uncertainty