Management Loes Final Exam Review
The contingency approach to management is best characterized by the short phrase ____
"it depends"
The basic tenets of capitalism were set forth the book, The Wealth of Nations, written by ____
Adam Smith
____ is the pattern of concentrating authority in a relatively few, high-level positions.
Centralization
What term describes a person's faith that his other decision are reliable and good?
Confidence
____ is a business-level strategy aimed at achieving overall lowest cost structure in an industry.
Cost leadership
Which of the following refers to those who purchase an organization's goods and/or services?
Customers
____ refers to the assignment of work activities and authority to a subordinate?
Delegation
What is the overall condition of the complex interactions of economies throughout the world?
Economic dimension
Which of the following refers to the relationship of people to resources?
Economic forces
Which of the following refers to using resources in a way that produces a desired result?
Effectively
____refers to the tendency to persist with a failing course of action.
Escalation of commitment
What name is given to the sale of goods and services to foreign markets?
Exporting
Which of the factors outside the organization that may affect the managers actions?
External environment
Which of the following refers to the receiver's response to the sender's communication?
Feedback
The theorist who studied the motions of bricklayers and nearly tripled their productivity was ____
Frank Gilbreth
What term describes the broad complex factors that affect all organizations?
General environment
What name is given to the final result that affirm wishes to achieve?
Goal
What name is given to informal communication channels, found in virtually all organizations?
Grapevine
____ of a plan is where the organization goes from the "thinking" mode to the "doing" mode.
Implementation
_____ refers to a tax levied on goods bought outside its borders and imported into the country.
Import tariff
____ is the relationships among positions that are not connected by the organizational chart.
Informal organization
What term describes the condition of having too much material to process?
Information overload
____ refers to the buying, selling, and trading of goods & services across national boundaries.
International business
What name is given to individuals who work with information in the workplace?
Knowledge workers
What term describes determining what the organization will accomplish?
Planning
What tern describes the relationship of individuals, their rights, their property to the state?
Political forces
Which of the following refers to a person's capacity to influence the behavior of others?
Power
____refers to the difference between a desired situation and the actual situation.
Problem
____ is a set of theories that try to determine how and why employees are motivated to perform.
Process theories
____ is the maximum number of units of a particular product that may be imported into a country.
Quota
____is a personal power that results when one person identifies with and admires another.
Referent power
____ refers to the individual's burden of accountability in an organization.
Responsibility
The work of W. Edwards Deming is most appropriately classified in which theory of management?
Systems
What term describes the assumption that people are naturally lazy?
Theory X
An American company owns a film-manufacturing facility in Italy is an example of ____
a direct investment
An organization is ____
a group of people working together to achieve goals
In SWOT analysis an ability that a company possesses that may give a distinctive competence is ____
a strength
When a department in an organization has a high level of absenteeism, we are dealing with ____
a symptom of a problem, not the problem itself
Effective use of an organization's resources means ____
achieving the intended result
The first Lady's primary source of power is ____
affiliative
The United States' prohibition of the importing of Cuban cigars is an example of ____
an embargo
In analyzing their external environment, most organizations find that it presents ____
both threats and opportunities
The first step in strategic planning is ____
determining the mission and strategic goals
The task environment includes all of the following except ____
environmentalists
The channel of communication most appropriate when a manager has to for an employee ____
face to face
As defined in the text, organizations are groups of individuals who work together to achieve ____
goals and objectives important to them
The so-called "Protestant ethic" held that ____
hard work and self-denial would lead to a better afterlife
Experts generally agree that the first step in decision making is ____
identifying the problem
The purchase of goods and services from a foreign source defines ____
importing
A negative effect of the informal organization, particularly in times of crisis, may well be ____
inaccurate information
The real cause of the increase in output at Western Electric's Hawthorne plant was ____
increased attention paid to workers
When a manager uses skills such as communicating and listening, he or she is using ____
interpersonal skills
The classical model of decision making ____
is prescriptive; it says how managers should make decisions.
In the process of organizing, a first or basic step is usually grouping tasks into ____
jobs
Which of the following refers an organization's fundamental purpose ____
mission
When the manager of the Boston Red Sox chooses his starting line-up for his next game, he is ____
planning
A general problem in our society, and one that contributes to too many communication breakdowns, is ____
poor listening
When an industry is profitable, firms in the industry must be alert to ____
potential new competitors
All of the following are steps in the planning process EXCEPT ____
request input from potential customers
When an organization gives someone authority, it expects something in return, namely ____
responsibility
Most business people engaged in international trade underestimate the importance of ____
social and cultural differences
Studying business ethics will not necessarily ____
tell you what you ought to do
The birth of the human relations approach to motivation can be traced to ____
the Hawthorne studies
In a decision-making situation where the decision maker satisfices, ____
the first satisfactory alternative is chosen
Authority may be defined as ____
the legitimate use of power
Ethical violations destroy ____
trust
There are three conditions that affect decision making: certainty, risk, and ____
uncertainty