Mastering A&P Ch. 6 & 7

Part complete Put the steps of endochondral ossification in the correct order. 1: Formation of medullary cavity and appearance of secondary ossification centers 2: Cavitation of hyaline cartilage within the cartilage model 3: Invasion of internal cavities by periosteal bud and spongy bone formation 4: Ossification of epiphyses; hyaline cartilage remains at epiphyseal plates and articular cartilages 5: Formation of bone collar around hyaline cartilage model

5, 2, 3, 1, 4

lacks a vertebral body

Atlas vertebra

has a tooth-like dens

Axis vertebra

Which of the following statements is/are true of epiphyseal plates throughout bone growth? Secretion of osteoid takes place in both osteocytes and osteoblasts at the epiphyseal plates during early bone growth. The epiphyseal plates grow longer so that the bones contain proportionally more cartilage until late adolescence. The epiphyseal plates are longest early in childhood, but as they are replaced by bone tissue, they get shorter. Cartilage is replaced by bone tissue on the diaphysis side as quickly as it grows, causing the epiphyseal plates to maintain a constant thickness. Division of osteoblasts in the proliferation zone causes the epiphyseal plates to be the strongest region of bone.

Cartilage is replaced by bone tissue on the diaphysis side as quickly as it grows, causing the epiphyseal plates to maintain a constant thickness.

formed by 5 fused vertebrae; joins the coccyx inferiorly

Sacrum

have costal facets for articulation with the heads of ribs; superior articular facets point posteriorly

Thoracic vertebrae

vertebral foramen are triangular; short, bifid spinous processes

cervical vertebrae 3-7

offers a slight amount of support to pelvic organs; 3-5 fused vertebrae

coccyx

A long bone that is fractured midshaft has damaged the meniscus. articular cartilage. epiphysis. diaphysis.

diaphysis.

The types of fractures that are common in children are __________. epiphyseal and greenstick spiral and comminuted compression and comminuted depression

epiphyseal and greenstick

All of the following openings are part of or within the temporal bone EXCEPT the __________. internal acoustic meatus carotid canal external acoustic meatus foramen lacerum foramen rotundum

foramen rotundum

Which list contains only bones that form part of the orbit of the eye? lacrimal, nasal, and sphenoid bones sphenoid, zygomatic, and temporal bones frontal, ethmoid, and lacrimal bones palatine, nasal, and maxillary bones nasal, lacrimal, and temporal bones

frontal, ethmoid, and lacrimal bones

During endochondral ossification, which of the listed types of tissue is replaced by bone? osteoblasts fibrocartilage hyaline cartilage osteoclasts mesenchyme

hyaline cartilage

Cranial nerves IX, X, and XI pass through the __________ foramen spinosum cribriform plate superior orbital fissure carotid canal jugular foramen

jugular foramen

Osteoblasts originate from what type of precursor cells? hematopoietic stem cells mesenchyme cells osteoclasts bone marrow

mesenchyme cells

The spine of the scapula __________. is on the anterior surface of the scapula is the indentation that serves as a passageway for the suprascapular nerve is the same as its medial border separates the supraspinous and infraspinous fossae and ends in the acromion is the shortest border of the scapula

separates the supraspinous and infraspinous fossae and ends in the acromion is the shortest border of the scapula

Which hormone modulates the effects of growth hormone to ensure that the skeleton remains proportional? thyroid hormone growth hormone sex hormones (androgens and estrogens) parathyroid hormone None of the listed responses is correct.

thyroid hormone