Mastering A&P chapter 2

Which of the following does NOT describe uses for the ATP molecule? -pigment structure -transport down their concentration gradient -chemical work -mechanical work

pigment structure

Except for elements with atomic number 1 and 2, all other elements are stable with how many electrons in their outermost (valence) energy level? -2 -8 -18 -32

8

Starch is a ________. -polysaccharide -disaccharide -monosaccharide -triglyceride

polysaccharide

What structural level is represented by the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain? -primary structure -secondary structure -tertiary structure -quaternary structure Submit

primary structure

The basic structural material of the body consists of ________. -carbohydrates -proteins -lipids -nucleic acids

proteins

Carbohydrates and proteins are built up from their basic building blocks by the ________. -removal of a carbon atom between each two units -addition of a carbon atom between each two units -addition of a water molecule between each two units -removal of a water molecule between each two units

removal of a water molecule between each two units

Match the terms to the definition: 1.) Energy 2.) Matter 3.) Mass 4.) Weight -Although a man who weighs 175 pounds on Earth would be lighter on the moon and heavier on Jupiter, his _______ would not be different. -Can be measured only by its effects on matter. -Is a function of and varies with, gravity. -Anything that occupies space and has mass.

1.) Energy- Can be measured only by its effects on matter 2.) Matter- Anything that occupies space and has mass. 3.)Mass- Although a man who weighs 175 pounds on Earth would be lighter on the moon and heavier on Jupiter, his _______ would not be different. 4.) Weight- Is a function of, and varies with, gravity.

Match the terms with the correct definition: 1.) Mechanical energy 2.) Chemical energy 3.) Radiant energy 4.) Electrical energy -When the bonds of ATP are broken, energy is released to do cellular work. -Energy that travels in waves. Part of the electromagnetic spectrum. -Legs moving the pedals of a bicycle. -Represented by the flow of charged particles along a conductor, or the flow of ions across a membrane.

1.) Mechanical energy- Legs moving the pedals of a bicycle 2.) Chemical energy- When the bonds of ATP are broken, energy is released to do cellular work 3.) Radiant energy- Energy that travels in waves. Part of the electromagnetic spectrum 4.) Electrical energy- Represented by the flow of charged particles along a conductor, or the flow of ions across a membrane

Match the terms with the sentence: 1.) Polar covalent bond 2.) Ionic bond 3.) Nonpolar covalent bond 4.) Hydrogen bond -A bond in which electrons are shared unequally -A bond in which electrons are completely lost or gained by the atoms involved -A bond in which electrons are shared equally -A type of bond important in tying different parts of the same molecule together into a three-dimensional structure

1.) Polar covalent bond- A bond in which electrons are shared unequally 2.)Ionic bond- A bond in which electrons are completely lost or gained by the atoms involved 3.) Nonpolar covalent bond- A bond in which electrons are shared equally 4.) Hydrogen bond- A type of bond important in trying different parts of the same molecule together into a three-dimensional structure

An atom with 3 electrons in its outermost (valence) shell may have a total of ________ electrons altogether. -3 -8 -17 -13

13

An atom with an atomic number of 10 and a mass number of 24 would have ________. -14 neutrons -10 neutrons -14 electrons -24 protons

14 neutrons

The numbers listed represent the number of electrons in the first, second, and third energy levels, respectively. On this basis, which of the following is an unstable or reactive atom? -2, 8, 8 -2, 8, 1 -2 -2, 8

2, 8, 1

True or False: -A dipeptide can be broken into two amino acids by dehydration synthesis.

False

True or False: -Chemical properties are determined primarily by neutrons

False

True or False: -Isotopes differ from each other only in the number of electrons the atom contains.

False

A patient is hyperventilating. The "blowing off" of excessive carbon dioxide causes a decrease in blood H+ concentration. How can the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system function to correct this imbalance?CO2 + H2O ↔ H2CO3 ↔ H+ + HCO3- -H2CO3 dissociates to form more H+ and raise pH -HCO3- binds with H+ to form H2CO3 and lower pH -HCO3- binds with H+ to form H2CO3 and raise pH -H2CO3 dissociates to form more H+ and lower pH

H2CO3 dissociates to form more H+ and lower pH

Which of the following is a neutralization reaction? -HCl → H+ + Cl- -HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O -NaOH → Na+ + OH- -NH3 + H+ → NH4+2

HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O

Which of the following statements is FALSE? -Chemical reactions progress at a faster rate when the reacting particles are present in higher numbers. -Larger particles move faster than smaller ones and thus collide more frequently and more forcefully. -Catalysts increase the rate of chemical reactions, sometimes while undergoing reversible changes in shape. -Chemical reactions proceed more quickly at higher temperatures.

Larger particles move faster than smaller ones and thus collide more frequently and more forcefully.

Which of the following elements is necessary for proper conduction of nerve impulses? -Na -P -I -Fe

Na

Salivary amylase is an enzyme produced by the salivary glands that breaks down carbohydrates. What will happen to this enzyme as it follows the food into the stomach where the pH drops to 2.5? -The enzyme will assume an alternate form and catalyze additional reactions. -The enzyme will denature and become inactive. -The enzyme will continue to function as it remains unchanged in chemical reactions. -The enzyme will denature but retain its function.

The enzyme will denature and become inactive.

Which of the following statements regarding atoms is true? -Atomic weight is determined by the number of protons in an atom of a given element. -Atomic weight is determined by the number of electrons in an atom of a given element. -The chemical reactivity of an atom is based on the overall number of electrons in the atom. -The reactivity of an atom is based on the number of electrons in its outer valance shell.

The reactivity of an atom is based on the number of electrons in its outer valance shell.

True or False: -A chemical bond is an energy relationship between outer electrons and neighboring atoms.

True

What does CH4 mean? -There is one carbon and four hydrogen atoms. -This is an inorganic molecule. -This was involved in a redox reaction. -There are four carbon and four hydrogen atoms.

There is one carbon and four hydrogen atoms

True or False -Glucose is an example of a monosaccharide.

True

True or False: -Buffers resist abrupt and large changes in the pH of body fluids by releasing or binding ions.

True

True or False: -Mixtures are combinations of elements or compounds that are physically blended together but are not bound by chemical bonds.

True

True or False: -The fact that no chemical bonding occurs between the components of a mixture is the chief difference between mixtures and compounds.

True

________ is fat soluble, produced in the skin on exposure to UV radiation, and necessary for normal bone growth and function. -Cortisol -Vitamin D -Vitamin K -Vitamin A

Vitamin D

Choose the answer that best describes HCO3-. -a weak acid -common in the liver -a bicarbonate ion -a proton donor

a bicarbonate ion

The four elements that make up about 96% of body weight are ________. -carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen -nitrogen, hydrogen, calcium, sodium -carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, calcium -sodium, potassium, hydrogen, oxygen

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen

You notice that you cannot read your book through a test tube of patient fluid held against the print, making it so blurred as to be unreadable. T here is no precipitant in the bottom of the beaker, though it has been sitting for several days in a rack. What type of liquid is this? -solution -suspension -mixture -colloid

colloid

Which of the following is incorrectly matched? -nucleotide; nucleic acid -eicosanoid; triglyceride -monosaccharide; carbohydrate -amino acid; protein

eicosanoid; triglyceride

Salts are always ________. -ionic compounds -single covalent compounds -double covalent compounds -hydrogen bonded

ionic compounds

If the atomic mass of an element is 14 and the atomic number is 6, which of the following would describe this element? -ion -compound -isotope -neutral

isotope

Which of the following is NOT a subatomic particle? -proton -neutron -electron -molecule

molecule

Which of the following is chemically inert (unreactive)? -sodium (atomic number 11) -neon (atomic number 10) -carbon (atomic number 6) -oxygen (atomic number 8) Submit

neon (atomic number 10)

Which of the following is not a fundamental subatomic particle that forms elements? -nucleus -electrons -neutrons -protons

nucleus

Lithium has an atomic number of 3. How many electrons are there in the outermost (valence) shell? -one -two -three -zero

one

Which of the following is not a compound? -methane (natural gas) -water -carbon dioxide -oxygen gas

oxygen gas

Which of the following is NOT considered a factor in influencing a reaction rate? -particle size -temperature -concentration of reactants -time

time