Meat Science Exam 1

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Ground Beef

What do "cow" beef meat usually go into?

To PER BCP from food suppl

What is the goal of HACCP?

950-1500

What is the live weight rage of cattle?

90-200

What is the live weight rage of lamb?

190-310

What is the live weight rage of pigs?

Animal tissue suitable for use as food

What is the new definition of Meat?

Religious Ritual

What is the only exception to the humane slaughter act?

Captive Bold

What is the primary method for killing beef?

The Wand

What is the primary way of killing pigs?

Dairy cows and bulls (when done producing milk)

What kinds of beef do cows include?

Steers and heifers

What kinds of beef does fed beef include?

Loosen skin with a knife

What must you do 1st for hide pulling?

Dip in hot water (141* 1 min)

What must you do first for dehairing?

E.coli (in fecal)

What pathogen may get on meat during hide pulling (beef)

3

What percent profit does the meat industry get marginally?

Wholesome Meat Act

What required that states have regulations that had to be equal to the federal law?

Medium Size

What size plants are rare?

Market Hogs

What species do we dehair?

Cattle, Hogs, Sheep, Goats

What species does the meat inspection act apply to?

Beef and Sheep

What species needs a hide puller?

Sensory

What type of inspection is organoleptic?

Males

What type of pork makes up market hogs?

Females

What type of pork makes up sows?

Mega Reg

What was a big name that came with HACCP for regulations

Meat Inspection Act

What was passed that really changed meat laws?

The edible parts and organs of the carcass of a mammal

What was the old definition of Meat?

Move from sensory inspection to microbial

What was the philosophical change in meat inspection?

Farmer John and Hatfield

What were some exceptions in the 50's and 90's to the style of meat plants?

Knife sanitation

Whats extermination between every animal exsanguinated?

Older

When are cows slaughtered?

Young

When are fed beef cattle slaughtered?

5-6 months

When do they harvest market hogs?

2-3 years

When do they harvest sows?

Fed Beef

Which beef is higher quality?

Cows

Which beef is lower quality?

Cows

Which beef is slaughtered heavier?

Fed Beef

Which beef is slaughtered lighter?

User

Who pays for meat grading?

Low profit margin

Why are small privately owned plants tough for living?

1270

Average live weight of cattle

125

Average live weight of lamb

265

Average live weight of pigs

Prime, choice, select

What are the 3 grades of meat?

Cattle, hogs, sheep

What are the 3 main things included in red meat?

Carcass then whole sale (primal) then retail

What are the 3 ways meat gets cut?

Red Meat, Poultry, Seafood, Game

What are the 4 categories of meat?

Deer, Elk, Bear, Moose

What are the 4 main things included in game meat?

Harvest, Fabrication, Processing, Sales

What are the 4 parts of meat science?

Finish, Age, Weight, Amount Lean, Healthy, Bruiseless

What are the 6 things looked at when appraising slaughter livestock?

72

What is the average dressing percent for pig?

Cut carotid artery and jugular vein

How do you exsanguinate and animal?

Humane Slaughter Act

All calves, cattle, horses, mules, sheep, swine, and other livestock must be rendered insensible to pain by single blow before it can be shackled hoisted thrown cast or cut

Humane Slaughter Act

All cattle, calves, horses, etc must be rendered unconscious.....

FSIS

All meat inspection is regulated by what?

hot carcass/ live weight x 100

Equation of dressing %?

Large companies buy or create processing divisions, highly specialized

How are meat plants today?

Mechanical Concussion

How do we stun cattle and sheep?

Electric Shock

How do we stun pigs and sheep?

16-24

How long do you w/hold feed before slaughter?

5,000

How many head daily of beef are slaughtered at LARGE plants?

200 (plus)

How many head daily of beef are slaughtered at MEDIUM plants?

1000

How many head daily of hog are slaughtered at LARGE plants?

9,000

How many head daily of hog are slaughtered at LARGE plants?

Random

How many head daily of sheep are slaughtered at LARGE plants?

3

How much money per person for service for meat?

No inspection

How were laws on meat industry in the past?

Large companies became more segmented (either harvest or process but not both)

How were meat plants in the 50's and 90's?

They did everything, slaughter, cut, and process

How were meat plants in the beginning (20's-50's)?

No, voluntary

Is meat grading mandatory?

Humane Slaughter Act

Plants that want to sell meat must slaughter humanely

Meat Sceince

The combination of the sciences involved in the harvest, fabrication, processing and sales of meat

Harvest

The conversion of meat to muscle

Check animals are healthy

The meat inspection act checks for what pre harvest?

Inspect lymph nodes

The meat inspection act checks what post harvest?

Command and control

The philosophical change moved away from what?

From the gov to the plants

The philosophical change moved risk where?

Pigs

What animals to we chemically stun?

Mandatory and paid for by taxes

What are 2 important things about meat inspection?

Lungs, Brains

What are 2 things in the US we don't use for consumption?

Marinating, smoking, cooking,

What are 3 examples of processing?

Wholesomeness, safety, and accurate labeling

What are 3 things meat inspection looks at?

Relaxed head, loose tongue, no rhythmic blinking, no vocalization

What are 4 signs an animal is unconscious?

minimal transport time, transport in moderate weather, good ventilation, partition holding, nonslip floors

What are 5 transporting rules?

gut fill, pregnancy, degree finish, sex, muscling, covering, mud, travel

What are 8 reasons for variation in dressing %?

Chicken and Turkey

What are the 2 main things included in poultry?

Market Lamb and Ewe

What are the 2 types of lamb slaughtered in the lamb industry?

Sow and Market Hogs

What are the 2 types of pigs slaughtered in the pork industry?

Fabrication

What do we call meat cutting?

Quick Service Restaurant (fast food)

What does QSR stand for (in parenthesis what is it)

Quality (palatibility)

What does meat grading look for?

Sausage

What does most sow meat become?

Muscling

What does the amount lean measure?

Fat cover or marbling

What does the finish on an animal measure?

Pre harvest, post harvest, facilities, processing

What does the meat inspection act check for?

HACCP

What does the new revised meat and inspection act have?

exsanguination

What finally kills the animal?

Inspected (identified with original body)

What happens to the removed head?

Steer

What is a castrated male cow called?

Wether

What is a castrated male lamb called?

Barrow

What is a castrated male pig called?

Cow

What is a female cow called that has given birth?

Sow

What is a female pig called that has given birth?

Ewe

What is a female sheep called that has given birth?

Bull

What is a intact male cow?

Boar

What is a intact male pig?

Ram

What is a intact male sheep?

Stag

What is a late castrated male called?

Calf

What is a very young cow called?

Piglet

What is a very young pig called?

Lamb

What is a very young sheep called?

Heifer

What is a young female cow called that hasn't given birth?

Ewe

What is a young female lamb called that hasn't given birth?

Gilt

What is a young female pig called that hasn't given birth?

Sanitation

What is critical during skinning?

Poultry is included

What is different now from the old definition of meat?

Removing Blood

What is exsanguination?

Hot Carcass weight

What is it called once the head, hide, feet and organs are removed?

Processing

What is it called when you go beyond cutting to add value?

To enhance safety of food product by controlling hazards

What is the Goal of HACCP?

Dressing %

What is the amount of carcass in relation to the animal's live weight

62

What is the average dressing percent for beef?

52

What is the average dressing percent for lamb?

Less chance cutting viscera

Why does withholding feed before slaughter increase sanitation?

Lower risk of BSE

Why is it better animals are harvested young?

Good grades may lead to more purchases

Why pay for meat grading?

Better bleeding, improve sanitation, reduce gut fill

Why withhold feed before slaughter? (3 reasons)


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