Medical Terminology Chapter 10

Skeletal system functions

1.Protect vital organs 2.Support (framework) 3.Movement 4.Hematopoiesis (in red bone marrow) 5.Stores calcium, minerals and phosphorus

Divisions of the skeletal system

206 Bones

A chronic, progressive arthritis that first affects the spine and adjacent structures. As the disease progresses the spine becomes stiffer, with the spine turning humpback (kyphosis)

Ankylosing spondylitis

Stiffening and immobility of a loint as the result of disease, trauma, surgery, or abnormal bone fusion.

Ankylosis

Shoulders, upper extremities, hips, lower extremities.

Appendicular skeleton

Inflammation of a joint usually accompanied by pain, swelling and frequently changes in structure

Arthritis

Skull, thorax, vertebral column

Axial skeleton

Formed with projections, depressions, and openings. Serve as sites of muscles, ligaments, tendons, points of articulations, or to provide cavities (depressions) and pathways for blood vessels and nerves.

Bone surfaces

Non-living connective tissue composed of osteocytes. Osseous tissue made up of calcium salts and protein (collagen)

Bone tissue

Abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the big toe. Caused by inflammation of the bursa, usually the result of pressure from tight fitting shoes, degenerative bone disease or by heredity. Treatment: padding around the toes to relieve pressure, medications for pain and swelling or bunionectomy.

Bunion

Inflammation of a bursa, particularly those located between bony prominences and muscle or tendons, such as the shoulder, elbow and knee.

Bursitis

Grating sound or sensation caused by rubbing bones

Crepitation

An acute recurrent inflammatory infection transmitted through the bite of an infected deer tick. Flu-like symptoms progress within a period of a few days to other sites of the body to produce malaise, myalgia, arthritis, and neurologic and cardiac symptoms. Treatment: antibiotic therapy

Lyme disease

Cardi/o

Mixed

My/o

Muscles

Rich blood supply and little infection

Muscles = my/o striated = rhabd/o

Progressive weakness of skeletal muscles. Muscles affected include those used in walking, breathing, chewing and talking.

Myasthenia gravis

Fracture involves break in the skin

Open, compound

The branch of medicine that deals with prevention, diagnosis, care and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. Including injury or disease of the body's bones, joints, ligaments, muscles and tendons

Orthopedics

Specialist in orthopedics

Orthopedist (MD)

Inflammation and destruction of articular cartilage (bone spurs)

Osteoarthritis

Build bone

Osteoblasts

Secrete a bone reabsorbing enzyme that digests bone (cut bone)

Osteoclasts

Provides medical treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. Philosophy; Good health requires proper alignment of bones, muscles, ligaments and nerves.

Osteopathic Physician (DO)

Bone reabsorption exceeds bone formation causing porous bones. Bones become weak and brittle

Osteoporosis

Side to side (lateral curvature of the spine)

Scoliosis

Bones of the wrists, ankles, and toes. Somewhat cubical - Core of spongy bone called cancellous bone

Short bones

Cranial and facial bones. Joined together by sutures

Skull

Leiomy/o

Smooth

Found in skin, vessels, and internal organs

Smooth = leiomy/o

Genetic disorder with incomplete closure of the vertebral column. Birth defect

Spina bifida

Twisting of a joint with rupture of ligaments (sprained ankle)

Sprain

Overstretching muscle

Strain

Rhabd/o

Striated

Encloses the heart and lungs to protect them from injury

Thorax

Osteo

bone tissue

A painful and disabling disorder characterized by inflammation and swelling in the tendons that run through the narrow carpal tunnel in the wrist. Often caused by overuse of the wrist. Treatment includes: drugs to reduce pain and inflammation, surgical treatment that releases the carpal ligament.

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Soft bone, provides support and elasticity and flexibility.

Cartilage

Not a physician. Certified and licensed to provide chiropractic care. Philosophy; Disease is caused by pressure on nerves. Treatment involves physical manipulation of the spinal column. Do not use drugs or surgery.

Chiropractor

Limping, lameness

Claudication

Fracture not visible on the surface

Closed, simple

Splintered fractures

Comminuted

A malignant tumor that develops from bone marrow, usually in long bones or the pelvis. Most frequently occurs in adolescent boys. Causes pain, swelling, fever and leukocytosis. Treatment includes: surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

Ewing sarcoma

Broad surfaces for muscular attachment or protection of internal organs. Skull, shoulder blades, and sternum

Flat bones

Arthritis caused by excessive uric acid in the body. Any joint may be affected but gout usually begins in the big toe. Treatment: Diet low in uric acid, drugs to lower uric acid, relieve pain and decrease inflammation

Gouty

Partially bent, partially broken fracture

Greenstick

Mixed - cardiac

Heart muscle

Production of blood cells Red marrow is responsible for the formation of white blood cells (leukopoiesis)

Hematopoiesis (in red bone marrow)

A rupture of the fibrocartilage surrounding an intervertebral disk, releasing the nucleus pulposus into the vertebral canal. Treatment: bed rest, pain medication, physical therapy, and surgery

Herniated disk

Smooth - visceral

Involuntary

Bones of the vertebrae, ilium, middle ear and some bones of the face.

Irregular bones

Allow for body movements. Synovial joints - filled with synovial fluid for lubricating.

Joints

Arthr/o, articul/o

Joints

Hunchback due to overcurvature of thoracic vertebrae

Kyphosis

Connects bone to bone

Ligaments

Arms, legs, hands, and feet

Long bones

Swayback due to overcurvature of lumbar vertebrae

Lordosis

Ilium, pubis, ischium

Pelvic Girdle

Replacement of a missing part by artificial substitute

Prosthesis

Inflammatory joints due to an autoimmune reaction. Treatment: drugs, corticosteroids, heat, exercise, and physical therapy.

Rheumatoid arthritis

Specializes in the treatment of joint diseases and various forms of arthritis.

Rheumatologist (MD)

Osteomalacia in children from lack of vitamin D

Rickets

Club foot

Talipes

Connects a muscle to a bone

Tendon

Striated - skeletal

Voluntary