metabolism unit 7
What reaction will release the largest amount of energy to help power another reaction?
ATP -ADP
Lock and Key model and induced fit model are two mechanism proposed for enzyme action.
True
When cellular respiration occurs, what is the primary molecule used to store the energy that is released?
ATP
During the second half of glycolysis, what occurs?
ATP is produced.
What would be the outcome if hydrogen ions were able to diffuse through the mitochondrial membrane into the mitochondria without the need for integral membrane proteins?
ATP would not be produced.
What happens when a chemical is reduced during a reaction?
An electron is added to the chemical.
Describe the connection between anabolic and catabolic chemical reactions in a metabolic pathway.
Catabolic reactions produce energy and simpler compounds, whereas anabolic reactions involve the use of energy to make more complex compounds.
Which of the following is the best way to judge the relative activation energies between two given chemical reactions?
Compare the ΔG values between the two reactions
Which of the following best describes complex IV in the electron transport chain?
Complex IV consists of an oxygen molecule held between the cytochrome and copper ions. The electrons flowing finally reach the oxygen, producing water.
Which of the following molecules are oxidizing agents?
FAD+ and NAD+
What does it mean for a system to be in a higher level of entropy? How can it be reduced?
Higher level of entropy refers to higher state of disorder in the system and it can be reduced by input of energy to lower the entropy
What is phosphorylation as it occurs in chemical reactions?
Phosphorylation refers to the attachment of a phosphate to another molecule to facilitate a chemical reaction.
Explain the conversion of energy that takes place when the sluice of a dam is opened.
Potential energy stored in the water held by the dam will convert to kinetic energy when it falls through the opening of the sluice.
How many ATP molecules are used and produced per molecule of glucose during glycolysis?
The first half of glycolysis uses 2 ATPs, and the second half of glycolysis produces 4 ATPs.
Describe the position of the transition state on a vertical energy scale, from low to high, relative to the position of the reactants and products, for both endergonic and exergonic reactions.
The transition state of the reaction exists at a higher energy level than the reactants. Activation energy is always positive regardless of whether the reaction is exergonic or endergonic.
Which of the following is not true about enzymes?
They increase the ΔGof reactions
Which of the following best describes energy?
Which of the following best describes energy?
What are the products of alcohol fermentation?
ethanol and NAD+
Which chemical reaction is more likely to occur?
exergonic
A new species of obligate anaerobe, a bacterium, has been found that lives in hot, acidic conditions. While other pathways may also be present, which metabolic pathway is the most likely to be present in this species?
glycolysis
Glucose catabolism pathways are sequential and lead to the production of ATP. What is the correct order of the pathways for the breakdown of a molecule of glucose as shown in the formula?
glycolysis → oxidation of pyruvate → citric acid cycle → oxidative phosphorylation
Chemiosmosis involves the movement of what? Where does it occur?
hydrogen ions across a mitochondrial membrane
Which pair of descriptors of chemical reactions go together?
hydrolysis and exergonic
Which of the following fermentation methods can occur in animal skeletal muscles?
lactic acid fermentation
GTP, which can be converted to ATP, is produced during which reaction of the citric acid cycle?
succinyl-CoA into succinate
What is the function of enzymes?
to lower the activation energy of a reaction