MGMT 473 Budden Test 2

What is power?

- the capacity of a person, team, or organization to influence others.

What is Participative Management?

-Decision making is a conscious process of moving toward a desired state -Employee involvement

Define politics.

Attempts to influence others using discretionary behaviors to promote personal objectives - may be good or bad for the organization

Individual financial rewards

Base wage or salary wage and salary add-ons performance payments competency/skill based pay

Define "Decision Making".

Choosing among two or more alternatives.

What is the form of exchange discussed in class?

Employees provide their labor, skills, and knowledge for money and financial rewards. Money - variety of emotions -symbol of status & achievement -source of security -source of evil, anxiety, depression, & anger

List and discuss the types of financial rewards?

Individual, Team & Organizational

What does intuition do for decision makers?

• Intuitive decision making (making decisions without conscious reasoning based upon experience, feelings, and accumulated judgement) (tacit knowledge) • "Go with your gut"

What are the problems with job specialization?

Overspecialization can result in boredom, fatigue, stress, poor quality, increased absenteeism, and high turnover

anchoring effect

fixating on initial information and ignoring subsequent information

sunk cost errors

fixating on past expenditures of time, money, or effort

performing

focusing on the task at hand.

overconfidence bias

holding unrealistically positive views of one's self

selective perception

interpreting events based on the decision maker's biased perceptions

availability bias

losing objectivity by focusing on the most recent events ex: tardiness in class

intuitive decision making

making decisions without conscious reasoning based upon experience, feeling, and accumulated judgement. tacit knowledge.

hindsight bias

mistakenly believing that an event could have been predicted (after the fact)

storming

most conflict, situate into position of power.

Norms are the informal rules and shared expectations that groups establish to regulate the behavior of their members. (T/F)

true

Peer pressure typically represents a form of coercive power. (T/F)

true

People might gain power by convincing others that they have something of value. (T/F)

true

Referent power is mainly developed through a person's interpersonal skills (T/F)

true

The last step in the rational decision-making model is to evaluate the decision outcomes. (T/F)

true

The storming stage of team development is marked by interpersonal conflict as team members compete for leadership and other positions on the team. (T/F)

true

When highly cohesive teams have norms that conflict with organizational goals, team performance is reduced. (T/F)

true

heuristics

using "rule of thumb"

Networking is a form of influence that tends to increase the individual's expert and referent power. (T/F)

true

List and discuss the sources of power.

-Legitimate -Reward -Coercive -Expert -Referent

What is the grapevine?

-an informal communication network. -active in almost every organization.

List and discuss the communication barriers.

-both sender and receiver have the imperfect perceptual processes (as receivers, we dont listen as well as sender assume). -the tendency to Filter messages (deleting or delaying negative info or using less harsh words so the message sounds more favorable.). -Emotions? -Information Overload (emails major cause) -Defensiveness? -Language(different meanings-jargon) -National Culture?

disadvantages of teams

-have additional costs called process losses: resources (including time and energy) expended on team development and maintenance rather than on performing task. team members need time and effort to resolve their disagreements, develop mutual understanding of their goals, determining the best strategy for accomplishing those goals, negotiate their specific roles, and agree on informal rules of conduct.

organizational politics

-seems to be self serving behaviors at the expense of others and possibly contrary to the interest of the entire organizations. -discussed as perceptions.

teams ....groups... but not all groups are teams.

-the diff between groups and teams is that: All ____ are ____, but all _____ are not ____. - teams have very focused objectives and specifically defined task interdependence

Define and discuss "Rationality"?

-the quality of being based on or in accordance with reason or logic. WEB -managers make decisions rationally, but are limited (bound)

Why is non-verbal communication important?

-where noise or physical distance prevents effective verbal exchanges and the need for immediate feedback precludes written communication.

List and discuss the communication process.

1)Message - senders intended meaning 2)Encoding - message converted for transmission 3)Medium - channel through which the message travels (can get messed up bc can't hear, distraction) 4)Decoding- receivers translation of the message 5)Noise - disturbances that interfere with communications

List and discuss the stages of the team process.

1. Forming (define purpose, leadership) 2. Storming (most conflict, situate into position of power) 3. Norming (develop norms and establish what is acceptable) 4. Performing (focus on the task at hand) 5. Adjourning ( only if temporary team, you go your separate ways)

creative environment

Learning orientation, intrinsically motivation work, open communication and sufficient resources , team competition

What is "maximizing" decisions?

a style of decision-making characterized by seeking the best option through an exhaustive search through alternatives

Employees have _____, ranging from sarcasm to ostracism, to ensure that coworkers conform to team norms.

a. coercive power

Which of these is also referred to as participative management? Select one:

a. employee involvement

Research suggests that effective workspace design mainly balances the trade-off between:

a. employee privacy and social interaction.

creative people

above average intelligence, persistence, relevant knowledge and experience, inventive thinking style

What is influence?

any behavior that attempts to alter the attitudes or behavior of others. -soft tactics are generally more acceptable than "hard" tactics

A task force refers to any:

b. temporary team that investigates a particular problem and typically disbands when the decision is made

reward power

based upon ability to allocate rewards/remove negative sanctions

coercive power

based upon ability to apply punishment (includes peer pressure)

expert power

based upon knowledge, skills, and abilities.

legitimate power

based upon organization chart and job descriptions

referent power

based upon respect, "likeability" charisma

Team financial rewards

bonuses gainsharing plans

What is a task force?

brings together a specific set of skills to accomplish a short-term task. It may be called a "project team" or a "working group." - exists for a specific, time-limited purpose, usually lasting a few months to a year.

Which of the following statements about power is true?

c. Power requires interdependence in the relationship.

In order to maintain the exchange relationship, the dependent party has _____ over the dominant party.

c. countervailing power

The first stage of the creative process is: Select one:

c. preparation

Satisficing refers to: Select one:

c. the tendency to choose an alternative that is good enough rather than the best

immediate gratification bias

choosing alternatives that offer immediate rewards and avoid immediate rewards

expert and referent power leads to _______

commitment

legitimate and reward power lead to _____

compliance

escalation of commitment

continuing a commitment to previous decision despite moving evidence against it.

randomness bias

creating unfounded meaning out of random events

Which of the following should corporate leaders should do with the organizational grapevine?

d. Use the grapevine as a signal of employee anxiety and view it as a valid competitor to the company's formal communication system

Groupthink characteristics cause team members to be _____ their decisions.

d. highly confident in

forming

define purpose, leadership

norming

develop norms and establish what is acceptable.

What is the creativity process?

developing an original idea that makes a socially recognized contribution.

Power is the act of changing another person's attitudes and behavior. (T/F)

false

self serving bias

taking quick credit for successes and blaming outside factors for failures

adjourning

only if temporary team, you go your separate ways.

noise

part of the communication process that are disturbances that interfere with communications.

medium

part of the communication process thats the channel through which the message travels (a distraction can occur here and prevent you from hearing)

message

part of the communication process where senders intend meaning.

encoding

part of the communication process where the message is converted for transmission.

decoding

part of the communication process where the receivers translate the message.

Organizational financial rewards

profit sharing plans stock purchase plans

coercive power leads to _______

resistance

process losses

resources (including time and energy) expended toward team development and maintenance rather than the task.

representation bias

seeing identical situations where none exist

confirmation bias

seeking out information that reaffirms past choices ex: picking an odd number when choosing 1-10

framing bias

selecting and highlighting certain aspects of a situation while ignoring other aspects

What are Machiavellian values?

the beliefs that deceit is a natural and acceptable way to influence others and that getting more than one deserves is acceptable.

Active listeners constantly cycle through the three components of listening during a conversation and engage in various activities to improve these processes. (T/F)

true

Communication refers to the process by which information is transmitted and understood between two or more people. (T/F)

true

Employee stock ownership plans and stock options tend to create an "ownership culture" in which employees feel aligned with the organization's success. (T/F)

true

Identification-based trust is potentially the strongest and most robust form of trust in work relationships. (T/F)

true

Intuition allows us to draw on our tacit knowledge to guide our decision preferences. (T/F)

true

Job evaluations systematically evaluate the worth of each job within the organization by measuring its required skill, effort, responsibility and working conditions. (T/F)

true

Legitimate power is created whenever the organization assigns a supervisor with formal authority over subordinates. (T/F)

true

What is communication

• The Transfer and understanding of meaning • Transfer means the message was received in a form that can be interrupted (understood) by the receiver • Receiver doesn't have to agree, just understand - does not take place unless you understand it