MGT 341 MID TERM
Immanuel Kant's principle, called the categorical imperative, requires that everyone be treated as: a. A free and equal person b. A dependent employee c. An indentured person a. A non-resident employee
A
According to the dictionary, the term ethics has a variety of different meanings. One of its meanings is: The principles of conduct governing an individual or a group.
True
Kant would argue that humans should be treated as ends in themselves and never as a means to an end. Therefore, discrimination is wrong because it violates people's rights to be treated as equals
TRUE
Negative rights are defined entirely in terms of the duties others have not to interfere with you.
TRUE
One of the basic impediments to moral behavior is not recognizing an ethical situation when one exists.
TRUE
Our guest speaker, Professor Stephen Black, suggested that most people think that they are smarter than they actually are.
TRUE
Rule utilitarianism looks only at moral rules of a particular action.
TRUE
The "Loyal Agent Argument" states: An employer would want to be served in whatever ways will advance his or her self-interests. Therefore, as a loyal agent of his or her employer, the manager has a duty to serve his or her employer in whatever ways will advance the employer's self-interests.
TRUE
Utilitarianism characterizes the moral approach taken by Ford in the infamous Pinto case study.
TRUE
Utilitarianism is attractive to many because it matches the views we tend to hold when discussing governmental policies and public goods.
TRUE
In our textbook there is a section on the relationship between beliefs and values. One of the conclusions of that section is that values are not correlated with beliefs.
FALSE
Lawrence Kohlberg identified twelve stages of moral development
FALSE
Most studies find a negative relationship between socially responsible behavior and a corporation's profits
FALSE
Rawls would argue that it is unjust to give some people more opportunity than others.
FALSE
"It might be true that society as a whole would benefit by having some group discriminated against" is a/an _____ argument for discrimination. a. Kantian b. Utilitarian c. Capitalist d. Communist
B
If I want to determine if my actions are moral and I ask myself: "What would happen if everyone did that?" And then I ask myself: "Would I like this done to me?" What approach to moral rights am I applying? a. utilitarianism b. Kantian c. justice and fairness d. benevolence a. vices and virtues
B
Though business ethics covers a variety of topics, three basic types of issues are: a. Systematic, corporate and public b. Systematic, corporate and individual c. Individual, group and social d. None of the above
B
An ethic of care emphasizes caring for the well-being of: a. those we work for b. those we have known for a long time c. those who are near to us and/or dependent on us d. those who are poor e. none of the above are related to the ethic of care
C
Broadly speaking there are three categories of business related Ethical issues, not including; a. Systemic b. Individual c. Global d. Corporate
C
Considerations to follow in determining what the moral thing to do might be are: a. You must determine what alternative actions are available. b. You must estimate the direct and indirect costs and benefits the action would produce for all involved in the foreseeable future. c. You must choose the alternative that produces the greatest sum total of utility. d. All the above e. A & C
D
Duties may be considered to be ________ of rights. a. the shadow price b. substitutes c. correlates d. two of the above e. all of the above
D
Egalitarianism holds that there are no relevant differences between individuals that can justify unequal treatment except; a. original position b. virtue c. veil of ignorance d. the equality of opportunity e. none of the above
E
Major problems with the utilitarian reliance on measurement include: a. Comparative measures of the values things have for different people cannot be made; we cannot get into each others' skins to measure the pleasure or pain caused. b. All benefits and costs are possible to measure. c. The potential benefits and costs of an action cannot always be reliably predicted. d. All the above e. A & C
E
Moral standards can be distinguished from non-moral standards using the following characteristics: a. They deal with matters that can seriously injure or benefit humans. b. Are not established or changed by authoritative bodies. c. They are based on impartial considerations. d. A & C e. All the above
E
To evaluate the adequacy of moral reasoning, ethicists employ the following criteria: a. Moral reasoning must be logical. b. Factual evidence must be accurate, relevant, and complete. c. Moral standards must be consistent. d. A & B e. A, B & C
E
To evaluate the adequacy of moral reasoning, ethicists employ the following criteria: a. moral reasoning must be logical. b. factual evidence must be accurate, relevant, and complete. c. moral standards must be consistent. d. A & B e. A, B & C
E
A corporation is not morally responsible for its actions, nor are the individual persons that make up the corporation.
FALSE
Ethical relativism is the theory that, even though different societies may have different ethical beliefs, there is still a reasonable and rational method of determining whether an action is morally right or wrong other than by asking the people of that society what they believe. True/False
FALSE
Few businesses maintain that the socially responsible course to take is the utilitarian one with the lowest net costs.
FALSE
HealthSouth and Enron were involved in major fraud cases. But, unlike HealthSouth, Enron employed a business strategy that actually created value for its shareholders and society in the longrun.
FALSE
"Producing what the buying public wants may not be the same as producing what the entirety of society needs." This argument is essentially making a normative judgment on the basis of some assumed but unproved moral standards.
TRUE
Cost-benefit analysis is used to determine the desirability of investing in a project (such as a dam, factory, or public park) by figuring whether its present and future economic benefits outweigh its present and future economic costs.
TRUE
Ethics is the discipline that examines one's moral standards, or the moral standards of a society.
TRUE
In Rawls theory of justice and fairness impartiality heavily relies on original position and a veil of ignorance
TRUE
Intrinsic goods are things that are desired for their own sake, such as health and life
TRUE