MGT 6615 CHAPTER 3

Jim is a district manager of Wendy's in west Michigan. When he hires people, the most important thing he looks for is whether people are good problem solvers.

Jim is using the Mumford skills model

Developed the three-skill model of leadership.*

Katz

________ developed the three skill model of leadership.

Katz

The knowledge competency in the skills model is most similar to

Katz's conceptual skill

Additional research completed by Mumford, Campion, and Morgeson used a four skill model to assess cognitive, interpersonal, business, and strategic skills in managers at junior and senior levels of an organization. The research findings in this study were most similar to

Katz's hierarchical three skills model

Social judgment skill is similar to

Katz's human skill

Which is not a social judgment skill?

Knowledge acquisition

Leadership skills are defined in the chapter as

Knowledge and competencies to accomplish goals

The skills approach is

Leader-centered

The skills approach takes a _____________ on leadership, like the trait approach.

Leader-centered perspective

Mumford's Skills Model includes which of these main components?

Leadership outcomes

Tamika uses her ability to sense and perceive her staff's emotions every day to help them feel comfortable in the workplace. She is very knowledgeable about day-to-day operations and also is quite successful at anticipating problems and sharing ideas for improvements up the chain of command. Applying Katz's skills model, at what level of management is Tamika?

Middle management

Which of the components on Blake & Mouton's Leadership Grid has medium concern for interpersonal relationships and task accomplishment?

Middle of the road

Your boss tries to create a positive work environment while also instructing employees about what tasks to do and when they should be completed. This is an example of

Middle-of-the road leadership

I am the lead barista at a local coffee shop managing four staff. I assign tasks each work shift and check back regularly to see that work has been done. I do not spend much time talking with my staff about things other than getting the job done. My behavior would plot on the Blake & Mouton leadership grid at what point?

9,1

The ideas and mental abilities people learn through experiences can best be described as*

A) Crystal cognitive ability

Performance outcome is measured by*

A) Standard external criteria.

Human skills are the

Ability to work cooperatively with others

According to Katz's skills model, which two skills are most important for mid-level managers to be successful leaders?

All three skills are equally important for supervisory level management

Which of the following is not an example of an internal environmental influence that can affect leadership outcomes?

An economic recession

The research Mumford et al. completed used a sample of

Army officers

Which of the components on Black & Mouton Leadership Grid has low concern for impersonal relationships and high concern for task accomplishment?

Authority compliance

Which of the components on Blake & Mouton's Leadership Grid has low concern for interpersonal relationships and high concern for task accomplishment?

Authority compliance

A leader who places high emphasis on job requirements and low emphasis on people is displaying

Authority compliance behaviors

You are required to report directly to your supervisor every morning. Upon arrival he gives you a large list of tasks to be completed by the end of the day; he states he will be checking in after lunch to see your progress. This is an example of

Authority compliance management

Bill is in charge of hiring a new manager for the first shift on the production line. According to Katz's model, Bill should be looking for a person with*

B) Cognitive ability

Which of the following is not a competency?*

B) Cognitive ability

In the skills model, which of these is a general cognitive ability?*

B) Information processing

In the skills model, crystallized knowledge refers to*

B) Intellectual ability acquired over time

Which of the following presents a competency-based approach to leadership?*

B) Skills approach

Skills approach helps us best identify our*

B) Strengths and weaknesses

I am able to identify task and relationship types of behaviors in my leader. I am applying the main focus of which leadership theory?

Behavioral

I am doing a training program for staff to help them understand how to integrate both task and relationship behaviors in the workplace. I am applying the main components of which approach in this training session?

Behavioral

Which approach describes how leaders act?

Behavioral

Katz describes conceptual skill as

Being able to shape the ideas of an organization

By including such a large number of components, the skills approach and its model are criticized for

Being too similar to previously detailed approaches to leadership Stressing the value of developing specific skills The range of skills extending beyond the boundaries of leadership Not being consistent with aspects of leadership education programs Not being readily available to all

Grid seminars are training and developing programs that make use of the styles approach. These seminars are done through the use of __________ findings.

Black and Mouton's

I am doing a training program for staff to help them understand how to integrate both task and relationship behaviors in the workplace using the Leadership Grid. I am using the results from which set of researchers?

Blake and Mouton

Which scholar(s) created the Leadership Grid?

Blake and Mouton

The abilities that help a leader to work effectively with subordinates, peers, and superiors to accomplish the organizational goal.*

C) Human skills

Jim is a district manager of Wendy's in west Michigan. When he hires people, the most important thing he looks for is whether people are good problem solvers.*

C) Jim is using the Mumford skills model.

_______ are what leaders can accomplish, whereas __________ are what leaders are.*

C) Skills and traits

The individual attributes factor in the skills model suggests

C) That the skills model is not just a competency-based model.

By including such a large number of components, such as two types of intelligence, the skills approach and its models are criticized for

C) The range of skills extending beyond the boundaries of leadership

Pat Smith is personnel director for a large bank. Her major goal is to find a person who can adapt his or her leadership to different types of people and situations. Pat is basing her selections on*

C) The skills approach

You recently received a promotion to a higher level of management within your organization. This is your third promotion with your department. What best represents this type of promotion and its outcomes?

Career experiences

Bill is in charge of hiring a new manager for the first shift on the production line. According to Katz's model,Bill should be looking for a person with

Cognitive Ability

In the skills model, which of these is a crystallized cognitive ability?

Comprehending complex information

Comparing the Skills-Based Leadership Model to Katz's model, what is Problem-solving skills translate to?

Conceptual Skill

The abilities that help a leader shape organizational goals are

Conceptual Skills

The structure of the skills approach is

Consistent with leadership education programs

Your boss listens to employees' personal problems and tries to create a positive work environment by being agreeable, eager to help, comforting, and uncontroversial. This is an example of

Country club leadership

Which of the following is not an example of an internal environmental influence that can affect leadership outcomes?*

D) An economic recession

You recently received a promotion to a higher-level of management within your organization. This is your third promotion with your department. What best represents this type of promotion and its outcomes?*

D) Career experiences

Which of the following attributes begins to decline in later adulthood?*

D) General cognitive ability

Developed a capability model that includes individual attributes, competencies, and leadership outcomes.*

D) Mumford et al.

What best explains the comparison of the skills approach to sports such as golf and tennis?*

D) People can improve their skills through practice and instruction.

According to Katz, the most important leadership skills for lower-levels of management are :*

D) Technical and human skills

Within an organization, the employees within the IT department are crucial for the success of the organization due to their*

D) Technical skills

Conceptual Skill

Dealing with ideas; the ability to work with ideas and concepts; knowledge about and ability to work with ideas; works easily with abstractions and hypothetical notions. Most important at top management levels

Human Skill

Dealing with people; knowledge about and ability to work with people. Being aware of one's own perspective on issues, and the perspectives of others. Important at all three levels of management (lower, middle, and upper)

Technical Skill

Dealing with things; knowledge about and proficiency in a specific type of work or activity; technical skills involve hands-on activity with a basic product or process within an organization. Most important at lower and middle levels of management

The behavioral approach explains

Describing leader behaviors

The behavioral approach works by

Describing major components of leader behaviors

The skills approach is primarily

Descriptive

The environmental influences listed are all internal, with the exception of*

E) Flooding of the office

All of the following environmental influences are external, except*

E) Inexperienced followers

The skills approach takes a __________________ on leadership, like the trait approach.

E) Leader-centered perspective

What are 2 factors of Leadership Outcomes in the Skills-Based Leadership Model

Effective Problem Solving, Performance

What two types of leadership behavior were identified by the program of research at the University of Michigan?

Employee orientation and product orientation

A leader's ability to solve complex organizational problems depends primarily on inherent traits, not skills.

False

General cognitive ability refers to our ability to learn over a lifetime.

False

Human skills grow in importance as one moves up Katz's managerial/leadership hierarchy.

False

In the skills model, environmental influences can be both internal and external.

False

Katz states that human skills are most important for middle and top management levels.

False

Katz states that technical skills are most important at the level of middle management.

False

Mumford's research studied business leaders.

False

Perspective taking is a type of social judgment skill.

False

Technical skills grow in importance as one moves up the managerial hierarchy.

False

The skills approach is not very useful for leadership-training programs.

False

The environmental influences listed are all internal, with the exception of

Flooding of the office

What are 4 factors of the Individual Attributes section of the Skills-Based Leadership Model?

General Cognitive Ability, Crystallized Cognitive Ability, Motivation, Personality

Information processing is part of which component of the skills model?

General cognitive ability

The classic article "Skills of an Effective Administrator" by Katz was published in the

Harvard Business Review

Comparing the Skills-Based Leadership Model to Katz's model, what is Social Judgement skills translate to?

Human Skill

The basic premise of the skills approach is to

Identify the skills of leaders

A leader who is indifferent and apathetic is displaying

Impoverished behaviors

The director of your department attends one weekly meeting. The director is seldom at the office outside of the meeting and rarely responds to e-mails when you send questions pertaining to the organization. This is an example of

Impoverished management

A chief operating officer of the company who applies the level of administrative skills to the degrees delineated in Katz's model

Incorporates the entire staff in the process of shaping the company's goals

What are the 5 factors of the skills-based leadership model?

Individual Attributes, Competencies, Leadership Outcomes, Career Experiences, External Environment

Which part of the skills model supports people as they apply their leadership competencies?

Individual attributes

All of the following environmental influences are external except

Inexperienced followers

In the skills model, which of these is a general cognitive ability?

Information processing

In the skills model, crystallized knowledge refers to

Intellectual ability acquired over time

In the skills model, general cognitive ability refers to

Intelligence quotient

Paternalism/maternalism refers to a leader who

Is a benevolent dictator

The breadth of the skills approach, which includes motivation, critical thinking, and personality

Is a weakness of this approach

A supervisory-level manager of a company who applies the level of administrative skills to the degrees delineated in Katz's model

Is more "hands-on" with producing the company's product than interacting with staff

Mumford et al.'s model is characterized as a capability model because

It examines the relationship between knowledge and skills and leader performance

A strength of the skills approach is that

It makes leadership available to everyone

Jeoly is the manager of a thriving fast-food restaurant. When she hires people, the most important thing she looks for is whether people have excellent customer service skills.

Jeoly is using the Mumford Skills Model.

I am the lead barista at a local coffee shop managing four staff. I love to chat with them regularly, work with them on schedules that fit their needs, and work to develop camaraderie amongst all. I do assign tasks and hold them accountable for the work, but that is my secondary concern. My behavior would plot on the Blake and Mouton leadership grid at what point?

Moderately low task, moderately high relationship

I am the lead barista at a local coffee shop managing four staff. I love to chat with them regularly, work with them on schedules that fit their needs, and work to develop camaraderie amongst all. I do assign tasks and hold them accountable for the work, but that is my secondary concern. My behavior would plot on the Blake & Mouton Leadership Grid at what point?

Moderately low task; moderately high relationship

I am doing a training program for staff to help them understand how to integrate both task and relationship behaviors in the workplace. I am applying the main components of which approach in this training session?

Situational Behavioral Path-goal Leader-member exchange

Which of the following presents a competency-based approach to leadership?

Skills approach

In Mumford's Skills Model, knowledge is defined as

The accumulation of information and the mental structures to organize the information

In Mumford's Skills Model, social judgment skill is defined as

The capacity to understand people and social systems

Research data on Mumford et al models was tested on military personal. Which of the following is true?

The model cannot be effectively applied to leadership skills in startup businesses

Pat Smith is personnel director for a large bank. Her major goal is to find a person who can adapt his or her leadership to different types of people and situations. Pat is basing her selections on

The skills approach

Which of the following is a strength of the behavioral approach?

The wide range of research on leadership behaviors gives it credibility

Which of the following is a strength of the behavioral approach?

The wide range of research on leadership behaviors gives it credibility.

Which point on the leadership grid is proven to be the best form of leadership?

There is no best style

Collectively among all the research on the Behavioral Approach, what is one consistent finding from the research?

There was no universal style determined to be best

Collectively among all the research on the behavioral approach, what is one consistent finding from the research?

There was no universal style determined to be best

Katz started the research focus on skills during a time when

There was still disagreement about leader traits in the literature

Mumford et al.'s research tried

To explain the elements of an effective performance

The main goal of Mumford et al.'s research was

To explain the elements of effective performance

Top Management Middle Management Supervisory Management For Three Skills Approach

Top Management: Technical< Human =Conceptual Middle Management: Technical=Human=Conceptual Supervisory Management: Technical =Human> Conceptual

Ashlyn focuses her energy at her car manufacturing company on assessing market fluctuations and shaping the goals of the organization for the future. She communicates well with her staff and enjoys the social aspect of work with the people around her. She leaves the details and daily operations primarily to other capable staff in the organization. Applying Katz's skills model, at what level of management is Johanna?

Top management

Jonathan has equally high skills in managing relationships with the employees he supervises and in helping the firm shape the vision for growth. Applying Katz's skills model, at what level of management is Jonathan?

Top management

All of the following environmental influences are internal, except

Traffic

Career experience is a strong influence on a leader's competencies.

True

Mumford's research studied military personnel rather than business and organizational leaders.

True

The skills approach suggests that many individuals have the potential for leadership.

True

Uses of Skills Approach

Uses: -Allows for assessment of strengths and weaknesses -Is design of extensive leadership programs -Way to delineate skills of leader and leaders at all levels can use it.

Skills-based Model

Wanted to identify leadership factors that create exemplary performance -Five components: competencies, individual attributes, leadership outcomes, career experiences, and environmental conflicts

The behavioral approach describes

What leaders do

Technical skills are the

ability to work with things

Skills Approach to Leadership

approach takes a leader-centered perspective on leadership, but with a focus on skills and abilities that can be learned and developed; focused on the leader's capabilities

The research Mumford et al completed used a sample of

army officers

The structure of the skills approach is

consistent with leadership educational programs

The ideas and mental abilities that people learn through experiences can best be described as

crystal cognitive ability

The problem solving component of the skills model

demonstrates ability to construct organizational solutions

The Ohio State studies identified the behaviors of consideration and initiating structure as

distinct and independent

Crystallized cognitive ability refers to one's innate intellectual ability or intelligence.*

false

Katz states that human skills are most important for middle and top management levels.*

false

Motivation and personality fall within the competencies component of Mumford's skills model.*

false

Social judgment is an individual attribute in the skills model.*

false

Technical skills grow in importance as one moves up the managerial hierarchy.*

false

The lack of high-speed Internet access in a company is an external environmental influence that can affect leadership outcomes.*

false

The skills approach is not descriptive.*

false

Leadership skills research attempts to

identify competencies that can be acquired by leaders

The basic premise of the skills approach is to

identify the skills of leaders

A leader who is indifferent and apathetic is displaying

impoverished behaviors

I am really not interested in interacting with my staff nor do I put much emphasis at all on how the team performs. I am using

impoverished leadership

A CEO of the company who applies the level of administrative skills to the degrees delineated in Katz's model

incorporates the entire staff in the process of shaping the company's goals

All of the following environmental influences are external except

inexperienced followers

All of the following environmental influences are external, except -Dial-up Internet -Traffic -Computer network crash -Unplowed parking lot -Inexperienced followers

inexperienced followers

Paternalism/maternalism refers to a leader who

is a benevolent dictator

The skills approach takes a _______ on leadership, like the traits approach.

leader-centered perspective

Your boss tries to create a positive work environment while also instructing employees about what tasks to do and when they should be completed. This is an example of

middle of the road leadership

The skills approach is

not suitable for application across leadership contexts

Human skills are about working with

people

You tell your staff how and when to do their jobs. You are using

process behaviors task behaviors relationship behaviors directing behaviors

Mia expressing interest in her employees personal and professional lives. She is employing

relationship behaviors

Before the inception of the behavioral approach, leadership was treated exclusively as a

set of skills

Individual leader attributes can affect leaders skills, but it is the ______ themselves that are most important in addressing organizational problems.

skills

I am meeting my new team, which I will directly supervise for the first time. I introduce myself and jump right into the agenda items for the jobs each team member will be responsible assigned. I am using

task behaviors

Larry dislikes giving instructions to employees. He is uncomfortable with

task behaviors

You tell your staff how to do their jobs. You are using

task behaviors

Within an organization, the employees in the information technology department are crucial for the success of the organization due to their

technical skills

Katz started the research focus on skills during a time when

there was still disagreement about leader traits in literature

Career experience is a strong influence on a leader's competencies.*

true

Environmental influences are factors in a situation that lie outside the leader's competencies, characteristics, and experiences.*

true

Human skills are important at all levels of management.*

true

Mumford's research studied military personnel rather than business and organizational leaders.*

true

Skills approach provides a structure consistent with leadership education programs.*

true

The skills approach is relatively new and has not been widely used in training and development.*

true

The skills approach suggests that many individuals have the potential for leadership.*

true

How Does Skills Approach Work?

-Describes leadership from skills perspective -Katz shows importance of certain leadership skills varying on management hierarchy -Skills approach provides a map for how o reach effective leadership in an organization

Strengths of Skills Approach

1) Leader centered: important for developing certain skills 2) Intuitively appealing: makes it available to everyone, can learn 3) Provides an expansive view of leadership and incorporates many components - captures intricacies and complexities 4) Provides a structure that helps frame curricula of leadership education and development programs

Criticisms of Skills Approach

1) Skills approach addresses more than leadership (ex.personality): less precise in explaining leadership performances 2) Weak n predictive value: does not explain how to lead to effective performance 3) Major component includes individual attributes which are trait-like: shifts from being strictly skills 4) May not be suitably applied other contexts of leadership

The Five Components to the skill-based models

1)Competencies: key factors to effective performance ->problem-solving: -Leader's creative ability to solve new and unusual organizational problems -Include defining problems and constructing solutions ->Social judgment skills: capacity to understand people and social systems -Delineated into: a) Perspective taking b) Social perceptiveness c) Social performance -Being sensitive to how your ideas fit in with others -People skills needed to advance change ->Knowledge: related to application and implementation of problem solving skills -Knowledge is accumulation of info and mental structures (schema used to organize the info) -Emerges from fact sand how we apply the, -Have positive impacts on how leaders engage in problem-solving - allows people to use prior cases to plan for change 2)Individual Attributes -> General cognitive ability - person's intelligence, linked to biology. -Perceptual processing, reasoning skills, memory -Fluid, grows up to adulthood, declines with age -> Crystallized cognitive ability: -Intellectual ability learned overtime -Increase leadership pt. overtime through experience -> Motivation: -Three aspects for leaders willingness, dominance (influence), social good -> Personality -Has an impact on development of leadership skills -Openness, curiosity, confidence are examples 3)Leadership Outcomes: when they exhibit this, this increases competencies ->Effective problem solving -Competencies as problem solving lead to effective problem solving as leadership outcome -Involves creating solutions that are logical, effective, and unique 4)Career Experiences: -Impact characteristics and competencies of leaders -Experiences acquired improve knowledge and skills for complex probs. -Develop higher conceptual capacity if problems are complex 5)Environmental Influences: -Factors that lie outside of leader's competencies, characteristics and experiences that affect leader's performance -Internal: technology, facilities, subordinates, and communication -External: economic, political, social issues, and natural disasters -Not usually under control of leader

Paternalistic and maternalistic use both ______ and ______ but never combine the two

1,9 and 9,1

I am the lead barista at a local coffee shop managing four staff. I love to chat with them regularly, work with them on schedules that fit their needs, and work to develop camaraderie amongst all. I do assign tasks and hold them accountable for the work, but that is my secondary concern. My behavior would plot on the Blake & Mouton Leadership Grid at what point?

3, 8

I am the lead barista at a local coffee shop managing four staff. I chat often with the staff and enjoy joking with them but only after I have assigned the tasks and they have accomplished them. My behavior would plot on the Blake & Mouton Leadership Grid at what point?

5, 5

The individual attributes factor in the skills model suggests

That the skills model is not just a competency-based model.

__________ refers to a leader's desire to express dominance and exert his or her leadership.

Motivation

Developed a capability model that includes individual attributes, competencies, and leadership outcomes.

Mumford et al.

Who developed the Skills Model of leadership

Mumford et. al.

Which research group labeled task behaviors "initiating structure"

Ohio State studies

Which research group labeled task behaviors "initiating structure"?

Ohio State studies

Which study analyzed questionnaires taken by followers as they described their leader behaviors?

Ohio State studies

Which leadership style, according to Blake and Mouton, includes rewards and approval for people in return for their loyalty and obedience?

Paternalism/maternalism

Which best explains the comparison of the skills approach to sports such as golf and tennis?

People can improve their skills through practice and instruction

Openness, tolerance for ambiguity, and curiosity are expressions of which individual attribute in the skills model?

Personality

Which of the following is an individual attribute in Mumford's Skills Model?

Personality

What are 3 factors of the Competencies section of the Skills-Based Leadership Model

Problem Solving Skills, Social Judgement Skills, Knowledge

Which of the following is a leadership outcome in the Skills Model?

Problem solving

Daily meetings, open communication, face-to-face interaction, and accessibility are all behaviors of which type of leader?

Relationship

I am meeting my new team, which I will directly supervise for the first time. I introduce myself and invite each team member to share some interesting facts about themselves unrelated to work. I am using

Relationship behaviors

Jamal enjoys interacting with the team members he supervises. He is employing

Relationship behaviors

Before the inception of the behavioral approach, leadership was treated exclusively as a(n)

Sets of skills

Three-Skills Approach (KATZ)

Skills leaders can accomplish whereas traits are innate -Technical skills- knowledge about and proficiency in a specific type of work. Hands on. -Human skills -knowledge about and ability to work with people. Abilities that help leader work effectively with others -Conceptual skills: ability to work with ideas and concepts. Leader will understand companies' vision and goal well and intricacies involved. Creating a strategic plan is an example.

Skill in persuasion and communicating change describes which social judgement competency?

Social performance

Skill in persuasion and communicating change describes which social judgment competency?

Social performance

Effective problem solving is measured by

Solutions that go beyond given information

Performance outcome is measured by

Standard external criteria Original solutions to problems Solutions that go beyond given info Follower reaction to leader behavior Leaders own perspective

Performance outcome is measured by

Standard external criteria.

Skills approach helps us best identify our

Strengths and Weaknesses

Johanna is excellent at applying tax law and other accounting principles in her job as a manager in her accounting firm. She has equally high skills in working with the employees she supervises but does not have as much skill in helping the firm shape the vision for growth. Applying Katz's skills model, at what level of management is Johanna?

Supervisory management

Researchers studying the behavioral approach determined that leadership is composed of two general kinds of behaviors:

Task and relationship

I am meeting my new team, which I will directly supervise for the first time. I introduce myself and jump right into the agenda items for the jobs each team member will be assigned. I am using

Task behaviors

Which of the components on the Blake & Mouton's leadership grid has high concern for both interpersonal relationships and task accomplishment?

Team

I get involved with my team and create a positive environment while directing daily operations and keeping results of the team high. I am using

Team leadership

Comparing the Skills-Based Leadership Model to Katz's model, what is Knowledge translate to?

Technical Skill

Employees who help other staff troubleshoot computer software problems are using

Technical Skills

According to Katz, the most important leadership skills for lower-levels of management are

Technical and human skills

According to Katz skills model, which two kills are most important for supervisory (low) level managers to be successful leaders?

Technical skill and human skill

What are the skills in Katz's three-skills approach model?

Technical, Human, Conceptual