MH

Count Basie's first hit was the following informal twelve-bar blues:

"One O'Clock Jump."

Duke Ellington's career lasted from his New York debut in 1923 until his death in

1974.

A simple way of diagramming march form is

A A B B C C D D

______ occurs when all the musicians in the band suddenly stop to let a single musician take a brief two-bar solo.

A break

The form of "Oh! Lady Be Good is

AABA (32-bar pop song form).

During the 1920s, Louis Armstrong recorded with

ALL THESE Fletcher Henderson, Bessie Smith, and Earl Hines

Jazz is

America's classical music, a folk music, a popular music

After a decline in popularity, what sparked a comeback for Duke Ellington and his orchestra?

An appearance at the Newport Jazz Festival in 1956

Of the following saxophonists, __________developed an improvising style directly influenced by Coleman Hawkins.

Ben Webster and Chu Berry

In August, 1935

Benny Goodman's swing band broke through to mainstream success.

At the end of this excerpt of "King Porter Stomp," the clarinetist performing is

Benny Goodman.

This singer, known as the "Empress of the Blues," died in 1937:

Bessie Smith.

All of the following were female jazz instrumentalists, except:

Billie Holiday

Listening Example 2: "A Sailboat in the Moonlight" Timing: 0:08-0:38 The singer featured in this recording of "A Sailboat in the Moonlight" is

Billie Holiday

Often cited as jazz's greatest vocalist, this singer had a thin, edgy timbre, and worked within a range of no more than an octave and a half.

Billie Holiday

Paul Whiteman hired ______ to be the full-time featured vocalist with his orchestra.

Bing Crosby

In 1943, Ellington wrote the following forty-eight minute piece as a "history of the American Negro" and performed it in concert at Carnegie Hall:

Black, Brown, and Beige

The following soloist, who unusual timbre arose from his matery of mutes, enriched Duke Ellington's early recodings:

Bubber Miley

What swing bandleader was a singer and entertainer who wowed both black and white audiences by evoking the Harlem underworld?

Cab Calloway

Listening Example 4: "Swing to Bop" ("Topsy) Timing: 2:36-3:10 The guitarist on this recording of "Swing to Bop" is

Charlie Christian

Who was the firt important electric guitarist in jazz?

Charlie Christian

Which drummer led a famous swing band at the Savoy Ballroom despite being handicapped by spinal tunerculosis

Chick Webb

The feature saxophone soloist in this excerpt of "Body and Soul" is

Coleman Hawkins

What were "cutting contests"?`

Competitions in which jazz musicians would try to outplay each other

Duke Ellington's compositions included

Conga Brava

Lester Young's light lyricism foreshadowed

Cool Jazz

Jo Jones played drums with

Count Basie

Listening Example 2: "One O'Clock Jump" Timing: 1:53-2:26 The pianist and bandleader in this recording of "One O'clock Jump" is

Count Basie

Whose band featured the "All american Rhythm Section," known for tis driving groove of four beats to a bar

Count Basie

Today, New Orleans Style jazz is also known by the name of

Dixieland jazz.

Listening Example 4: "Conga Brava" Timing: 0:00-0:32 The bandleader and composer of "Conga Brava" is

Duke Ellington

The jazz band on this recording of "Black and Tan Fantasy" was led by

Duke Ellington

Which artist summed up his attitude toward rhythm with the aphorism, "It don't mean a thing if it ain't got that swing"?

Duke Ellington

Who plays the piano solo in this recording of "Black and Tan Fantasy" ?

Duke Ellington

In 1928, Armstrong recorded with this pianist from Pittsburgh, whose single-note improvisation matched his ability to create new melodic lines:

Earl Hines

Duke Ellington rarely wrote his music down, preferring to work by oral tradition.

False

During World War II, the Nazis promoted American jazz, claiming that the Negro-based music demonstrated the inferiority of Jewish culture

False

Like Louis Armstrong, Fletcher Henderson came from a disadvantaged background in New Orleans, steeped in the blues.

False

The Depression had little effect on the record industry, which flourished despite the economic turnmoil.

False

The idea that "Jazz is African American music" is rooted in race, not ethnicity.

False

The __________ was ensemble from an African American college that performed spirituals before the general public as early as 1871.

Fisk Jubilee Singers

Which big band leader's style of arranging became the standard for other seing arrangers?

Fletcher Henderson

_____ big band enlisted in the U.S. Army as a unit in order to entertain the troops overseas.

Glenn Miller's

Louis Armstrong ended his association with Fletcher Henderson because

Henderson did not want Armstrong to sing.

The arranger of "Blue Lou" is

Horace Henderson (Fletcher Henderson's brother).

What pattern of chord changes below is used in the basic twelve-bar blues form?

I I I I IV IV I I V V I I

Which chords or harmonies are used in the twelve-bar blues?

I, IV, and V

What was distinctive about Bix Beiderbecke's recording "Singin' the Blues" when it was recorded in 1927?

It is a slow ballad.

Which is true about ragtime?

Its "ragged" polyrhythmic syncopation contributed to jazz and it was a form of composition first published in 1897.

Among the great stride virtuosos of the 1920s was the following pianist, whose composition "Carolina Shout" became a test-piece for elite New York pianists:

James P. Johnson

Listening Example 2: "You've Got to Be Modernistic" Timing: 0:04=0:34 - four-bar intro pus Strain A (32 bars) Who is the pianist in this recording of "You've Got to Be Modernistic"?

James P. Johnson

Louis Armstrong got his first big break playing in the band of

Joe "King" Oliver

This musician was known for his inventive use of mutes:

Joe "King" Oliver

This music producer spurred the boogie-woogie revival of the 1930s with his concert, "From Spirituals to Swing":

John Hammond

This saxophonist, who was one of Duke Ellington's chied soloists, stayed with the band for nearly five decades:

Johnny Hodges

Although born in New Jersey, Count Basie is indelibly associated with

Kansas City

The name of the group playing "Snake Rag" is

King Oliver's Jazz Band.

Listening Example 3: "Oh! Lady Be Good" Timing: 1:42-2:12 The saxophone soloist in this recording of "Oh! Lady Be Good" is

Lester Young

This saxophonist - featured on the recording of "A Sailboat in the Moonlight" - was nicknamed "Pres" by Billie Holiday

Lester Young

This saxophonist had a "musical romance" with Billie Holiday, often appearing as her accompanist on her recordings:

Lester Young

Count Basie's saxophone section included

Lester Young and Herschel Evans.

_____ has been considered the most important individual in the history of jazz.

Louis Armstrong

Listening Example 1: "Walkin' and Swingin'" Timing 1:41-2:2:15 The pianist and arranger in this recording of "Walkin' and Swingin' " is

Mary Lou Williams

Which is true about women in jazz?

Most were singers or pianists in big-name bands and many performed in all-female bands only

This bandleader, widely known as the "King of Jazz," was an early pop superstar who championed "symphonic jazz":

Paul Whiteman

George Gershwin composed and performed

Rhapsody in Blue

The most harmonically daring and influential trumpeter of the Swing Era was

Roy Eldridge

What was Louis Armstrong's nickname?

Satchmo

Swing dancing began at the ______ in Harlem.

Savoy Ballroom

Who is the best-known composer of ragtime music?

Scott Joplin

The Benny Goodman Quartet featured what African American pianist?

Teddy Wilson

The swing era took place during which two important historical events?

The Great Depression and World War II

Which jazz band was the first to be recorded in 1917?

The Original Dixieland Jazz Band

Which is true about American brass bands?

They were common in African American as well as white communities.

The center of the songwriting industry in New York was known colloquially as

Tin Pan Alley

During the Swing Era, rhythm sections fused into a unified rhythmic front, keeping time and marking the harmonies

True

Head arrangements were flexible, sometimes expanding to ten minutes in the heat of performance.

True

Prior to the influence of Charlie Christian and the electric guitar, the great Swing Era rhythm guitarists did little more than reinforce the pulse of the string bass and drummer with a steady four-beat chuck-chunk-chunk-chunk

True

The minstrel show's characteristics, including blackface, lingered in American show business until the early 1950s.

True

The "Father of the Blues" was this cornet-playing bandleader who first heard the blues in a Mississippi train station:

W.C. Handy

This bassist codified the walking bass during his years in the Count Basie rhythm section:

Walter Page

The Great Migration was a response to the manpower shortage created by

World War I

Jammin' the Blues was

a 1944 short film featuring a jazz improvisation.

Django Reinhardt was

a Gypsy guitarist of stunning originality.

This excerpt of "Swing to Bop" was recorded at

a Harlem jam session

The swing hit "Stomping at the Savoy" referred to:

a New York dance hall

Benny Carter was an alto saxophonist, but was also known as

a bandleader and an arranger only

James Reese Europe was

a black musician who perfumed ragtime for white dance instructors and leader of the 369th Infantry Band, or "Hellfighters," during World War I only.

Each time the phrase "In that old field" in "The Buzzard Lope" is repeated, it ends with

a cadence.

The kind of elaborate passage for a solo instrument heard at the beginning of this excerpt of "West End Blues" is known as

a cadenza

Listening Example 2: "Snake Rag" Timing: 0:00-0:27 The "snake" in "Snake Rag" refers to

a descending chromatic line.

Stride style is defined by

a left-hand technique, alternating bass notes and chords.

In "Reckless Blues," the trumpet player's timbre is distorted by

a plunger mute

"Secondary ragtime" is

a polyrhythm, featuring a meter of three superimposed on a meter of two.

Creoles were

a racially mixed people of color.

Frankie Trumbauer was

a saxophonist whose delicate solos influenced later black soloists and a leading exponent of the "Chicago style."

"Jim Crow" was

a standard character in the minstrel show and the legal system of post-Reconstruction segregation only.

Each section in "You've Got to Be Modernistic" is called

a strain.

Mary Lou Williams was

a stride pianist and a big band arranger only

Benny Moten was

a territory bandleader

Gertrude "Ma" Rainey was

a vaudeville/classic blues artist

Creoles contributed to jazz by

adding their traditional musical training and ability to read music.

When repeating a strain in "Down Home Rag," the main performer

adds melodic variations that approach improvisation.

A sideman is

any musician employed by a bandleader.

Throughout this excerpt of "Body and Soul," the soloist shapes his improvisation by stringing together notes from the underlying chords. These are known as

apreggios.

The rhythm section of the Benny Goodman small group excluded what instrument?

bass

Listening Example 2: "King Porter Stomp" Timing: 0:32-1:08 Which of the following describes the jazz band playing on this recording of "King Porter Stomp"?

big band

Listening Example 1: "Blue Lou" Timing 0:00-0:37 The style of "Blue Lou" is

big band swing

The style of this performance of "King Porter Stomp" is

big-band swing.

Listening Example 3: "Sinin' in the Blues" Timing: 0:00-1:02 The beginning of "Singin' the Blues" features

block chords

The vocal trio on this recording of "Changes" sings in

block-chord harmony.

As the excerpt of "Dead Man Blues" ends, the solo instrument makes prominent use of

blue notes.

Country blues musicians changed the timbre and pitch of their guitars by using

bottlenecks

The popularity of the trumpet (cornet), clarinet, and trombone in jazz was due mostly to the influence of

brass bands.

The solo at the beginning of "Singin' the Blues" features

breaks and scooped notes only

What musical characteristic of the spiritual directly influenced jazz?

call and response

Which describes the musical interplay between the singer and the trumpet in "Reckless Blues"?

call and response

The texture of "The Buzzard Lope" is

call and response.

A turnaround is

chords played in the last few bars of a chorus, leading on to the next chorus.

This excerpt of "Over the Rainbow" prominently features

chromatic harmony

The three wind/brass instruments improvising on this recording of "Dead Man Blues" are

clarinet, cornet, and trombone.

During collective improvisation, the instruments are arranged in the following order (from top to bottom):

clarinet, trumpet (or cornet), and trombone.

The instrument playing the melody in this excerpt from "Down Home Rage" is a

clarinet.

Benny Goodman was a

clarinetist.

All of the following techniques are heard in this excerpt of "Walkin' and Swingin'" except

collective improvisation

At the time jazz started to be recorded in 1917, New Orleans style already featured

collective improvisation and glissandos, stop-time, and breaks only.

During the first chorus of "Dead Man Blues," the band uses

collective improvisation and polyphonic texture only.

Many Kansas City bands featured head arrangements, which were

collectively composed by members of the band and not written down and often created in jazz session only.

The clarinet plays an improvised_____in this excerpt of "Conga Brava"

countermelody

Jimmy Blanton and Charlie Christian

did not live past age twenty-five

Listening Example 1: "Body and Soul" Timing: 2:23-2:57 In this excerpt of "Body and Soul," the pulse of the saxophonist's line is twice as fast as the beat played by the rhythm section. This is known as

double time

In boogie-woogie, the left hand divides each measure into ___ pulses

eight

Billie Holiday's singing style

embellished and altered the melody in subtle and personal ways.

"Tailgate trombone" features

exaggerated glissandos

Field hollers and work songs

expressed the loneliness and hardship of African Americans and contributed to the music that became know as the blues only

Some of the trumpet's notes are played so lightly that they can barely be heard in this excerpt of "Weather Bird." These are

ghosted notes.

Lester Young

had a light sound, played rhythmically unpredictable phrases, and spoke a special slang.

In his later years, Louis Armstrong

had a number one hit single in 1964 ("Hello, Dolly!") and shocked the establishment by protesting Orval Faubus's takeover of Central High School.

Django Reinhardt's virtuosity was all the more remarkable because

his left hand was injured in a fire

During the clarinet solo at the end of this excerpt of "King Porter Stomp," the drummer

interacts with the clarinet soloist and plays cross rhythms.

Flechter Henderson

led the best jazz band around in the second half of the 1920s and used a big band that closely resembles the big band of today, including reeds, trumpers, trombones, and rhythm section only.

Compared to ragtime, stride style was

livelier, faster, and more propulsive.

In "Reckless Blues," the singer uses

melismas and the blues scale only.

The singer's style of imporvisation in this excerpt of "A Sailboat in the Moonlight" is

melodic paraphrase

The texture at the opening of "West End Blues" is

monophonic

Just before the final note in this excerpt of "Body and Soul," the soloist creates a striking contrast by playing a passage with

no accompaniment

Freddie Keppard was

one of the first jazz musicians to travel widely.

Duke Ellington's compositions number

over a thousand.

From 1934 to 1939, Coleman Hawkins

performed and lived in Europe.

Vaudeville blues - also known as classic or urban blues - songs were

performed on black theater circuits.

By 1900, the syncopations of ragtime music had shifted from the banjo to the following instrument:

piano.

After the piano solo in this excerpt of "One O'Clock Jump," the trumpets

play a three-cord riff every measure

The saxophonist in this excerpt of "A Sailboat in the Moonlight"

plays a countermelody to her singing and answers her phrases with improvisation of his own only

In this excerpt of "Swing to Bop" the drummer

plays loud accents on the snare drum and interacts with the soloist only

During the trumpet solo in this excerpt of "Oh! Lady Be Good," the saxophonist

plays riffs in the background.

In the late 1930s, Columbia, Victor, and Decca were the three most important

record companies.

Which section plays in the background during the clarinet solo in this except from "Star Dust"?

rhythm and strings

What jazz technique is not used in this excerpt of "A Sailboat in the Moonlight"?

scat-singing

The groove in "Walkin' and Swingin'" is

swing

Swing music appealed most dramatically to what demographic group?

teenagers

At the end of this excerpt of "Walkin' and Swingin'"

the brass and sax sections alternate riffs.

A "shout chorus" is

the final, climaactic chorus in an arrangement.

The Southwest affected music nationally through

the piano style boogie-woogie.

Listening Example 2: "Reckless Blues" Timing: 2:18-2:58 - last chorus (and coda) "Reckless Blues" is a good example of

vaudeville blues.

Lionel Hampton played the

vibraphone

What normal feature of jazz is missing from this excerpt of "Conga Brava"?

walking bass

At the time of his death, Louis Armstrong

was mourned worldwide.

The form of "One O'Clock Jump" is

12-bar blues

Listening Example 3: "Black and Tan Fantasy" Timing: 1:21-1:55 fade The trumpet player in this recording of "Black and Tan Fantasy" is

Bubber Miley.

Which musician, whose career ended with his nervous breakdown in 1906, is generally acknowledged as the first important musician in jazz?

Buddy Bolden

Armstrong formed his Hot Five and Hot Seven bands in

Chicago.

What kind(s) of musical form did New Orleans bands use?

12-bar blues and march/ragtime form only

The form heard in the section after the opening of "West End Blues" is

12-bar blues.

Louis Armstrong was

ALL THESE a cornet (trumpet) player; a jazz singer; and a bandleader

Fats Waller was

ALL THESE brilliant stride pianist, a well-known singer with a comedic flair, a successful Broadway songwriter, with songs like "Ain't Misbehavin" to his credit

The Lindy Hop

ALL THESE feature a steady four beats; was an improvised, African-style dance; and contain "breakways."

Benny Goodman

ALL THESE helped bring about the integration of black and white jazz musicians; grew up in the slums of Chicago; found great success after performing at the Palomar in Los Angeles.

In boogie-woogie, the left hand features repeated rhythms, also known as

an ostinaro and "chains" only

The saxophone solo in this recording of "Walkin' and Swingin'" is accompanied by

background riffs

The rhythm section on this recording of "Black and Tan Fantasy prominently uses the

bajo

Which of the following genre is/are part of early African American folk culture?

ballads

The musical term for when the trumpet enters in the excerpt of "Weather Bird" is:

break.

Louis Armstrong landed his gig with Fletcher Henderson's orchestra in 1924; he lasted

fourteen months

When the Swing Era began, in 1935, Louis Armstrong

fronted his own big band and made dozens of hit records.

The singing in "The Buzzard Lope" is accompanied by

hand claps and foot stomps.

Coleman Hawkins especially excelled at

harmonic improvisation

The style of improvisation used in this excerpt of "Body and Soul" is

harmonic improvisation

Although this a performance of a well-known popular song ("Over the Rainbow"), it can be difficult to recognize the song because the pianist uses

harmonic substitutions

Art Tatum's virtuosity was remarkable, considering that

he was blind

Louis Armstrong grew up in

in a poor neighborhood in New Orleans.

John Philip Sousa

invented the sousaphone and composed many composed many marches, including "The Stars and Stripes Forever" only.

The form of "Blue Lou"

is 32-bar popular song (AABA).

Bessie Smith

made nearly two hundred recordings and starred in the short film St. Louis Blues only.

The trumpet player in "Black and Tan Fantasy" achieves unusual sounds by

manipulating a plunger mute over his pixie mute and growling into his horn only.

The form of "Down Home Rag" is

march/ragtime form.

Louis Armstrong influenced jazz musicians by

performing with a rhythmic energy that was quickly imitated.

African American music is characterized by

polyrhythm, call and response, blues notes

The combination of the singing and the accompaniment in "The Buzzard Lope" creates

polyrhythm.

Jazz nightlife was affected by the passage of the 18th Amendment to the Constitution, which

prohibied the sale and manufacture of alcohol.

Jazz was transformed by the follwing technological advancements, new in the 1920s:

radio, electrical recording, and movies with synchronized sound.

In addition to its use in marches, "march form" was widely used in the following genre:

ragtime

Listening Example 3: "Down Home Rag" TimingL 0:03-0:44 - A A BB' A strains "Down Home Rag" is

ragtime

Bix Beiderbecke belongs to the first generation to learn jazz from

recordings.

Which section plays in the background during the clarinet solo at the end of this except of "King Porter Stomp"?

rhythm and brass section

The piano solo in this excerpt of "One O'Clock Jump" notable for its

simplicity

Fletcher Henderson's arrangements relied heavily on

simply riffs and call and response patterns.

Which of the following describes the groove of this performance of "Star Dust"?

slow ballad

A composed "solo" played by an entire section in block-chord texture is called a

soli

In this section of "Blue Lou," the saxophones are playing a

soli

Which of the following styles would most likely be heard at a Harlem rent party?

stride piano

The bandleader and composer Duke Ellington was also a

stride piano player.

This excerpt of "You've Got to Be Modernistic" presents an excellent example of

stride style

Of all the instruments in the rhythm section, this one was slowest to reach artistic maturity:

string bass

In addition to the piano, the rhythm section of Count Basie's band and includes

string bass, acoustic guitar, and drums

In its rhythmic intensity, this excerpt of "Swing to Bop" shows the evolution from

swing to bebop

Listening Example 1: "The Buzzard Lope" Timing 0:28-0:46 - eight measures of 4/4 "The Buzzard Lope" features

syncopation

The saxophone soloist's style in this excerpt of "Oh! Lady Be Good" is distinguished by his

syncopation and unpredictable rhythm only

At the end of this excerpt of "Over the Rainbow", the pianist increases the

tempo

Coleman Hawkins was a pioneer on the _____ saxophone

tenor

Coleman Hawkins was an influential soloist on the

tenor sax.

The two emphatic beats played by the trumpets in this excerpt of "Changes" are an excellent example of

the "Charleston" beat.

Among the African American dances that shocked and invigorated the country in the early twentieth century was

the Charleston.

A piece like "Black and Tan Fantasy" was written to be performed at

the Cotton Club.

Duke Ellington's career had a big break when he got a recurring headlining gig at

the Cotton Club.

Rhapsody in Blue's premiere, in 1924, featured

the Paul Whiteman Orchestra

The blues has ____-line stanzas.

three

The trumper section in this recording of "Conga Brava" makes prominent use of

timbre variation

Which instrument did Glenn Miller play?

trombone

Which of the following instruments constitute the frontline of a New Orleans jazz band?

trumpet (or cornet), trombone, and clarinet

How many strains do you hear performed in this excerpt of "Weather Bird"?

two

The wind/brass instruments in this recording of "Snake Rag" are

two trumpets (cornets), trombone, and clarinet.

Another impact Armstrong had on jazz came from his

use of nonsense, or "scat" syllables in his singing.

The minstrel show

was established as early as the 1840s. featured performers in blackface makeup and reinforced many degrading stereotypes of African Americans only.

King Oliver's Jazz Band

was known for its use of polyphonic collective improvisation.

A 1941 recording featuring Charlie Christian and Kenny Clarke is striking in that it

was recorded live at a jam session

Collective improvisation is

when several instruments improvise their parts simultaneously and a defining characteristic New Orleans jazz only.

The Original Dixieland Jazz Band Band was a _____ band.

white

What is unusual about this excerpt of "Swing to Bop"?

The guitarist's innovative polyrhythmic phrases

What is an apreggio?

The notes of a chord played successively

Programmatic music

attempts to describe specific people, places, or events.

During the Swing Era, new musical influences came into jazz from the

the Southwest: Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas

Behind the soloist at the beginning of "Singin' the Blues," you can hear

the guitar playing countermelodies

The invention of _____ helped the record industry to recover in the mid-1930s.

the jukebox

The piano style in "You've Got to Be Modernistic" is defined by

the left hand (alternating bass notes and chords).

In twelve-bar blues form,

the overall chord progression is always the same and each twelve-bar cycle is called a chorus only.

Jo Jone's great innovation was that he transferred the beat from

the snare and bass drums to the high-hat cymbal

Tremolo is

the speedy alternation of two or more notes.

This excerpt of "You've Got to Be Modernistic" features the use of

the whole-tone scale.

The Hot Five and Hot Seven recordings are influential because

they feautre soloists and highlight individual expression.

In the latter part of this excerpt of "West End Blues," the trumpet is joined by the following wind instruments:

trombone and clarinet.

Swing bands featured orchestras with sections of trumpets, saxophones, and

trombones.

The drummer in this excerpt from "Star Dust"

uses brushes to emphasize the backbeat.

Country blues were

usually accompanied by guitar

The instrument playing a solo at the beginning of this recording of "Conga Brava" is a

valve trombone.

Jelly Roll Morton

was a Creole musician and led the Red Hot Peppers only.

Louis Armstrong's All Stars

was a New Orleans band that Armstrong played with and led for the last twenty-five years of his life.

Duke Ellington

was a master of orchestration (combining the sounds of different instruments) and wrote not just for instruments, but for specific musicians in his band only

John Hammond

was a non musician who promoted jazz and championed black musicians in the recording studio.

Which famous drummer was featured in Benny Goodman's big band?

Gene Krupa

The texture of this excerpt from "Star Dust" is

homophonic.

Although its nightclub entertainment showcased the finest in Harlem jazz, the Cotton Club

refused to admit black patrons.

The type of polyrhythm featured at the beginning of this excerpt of "Down Home Rag" is called

secondary ragtime.

Walter Page's bass lines were

simple and metronomically reliable.

The underlying piano style in this recording of "Over the Rainbow" is

stride

The player piano was especially useful for disseminating the following jazz style:

stride piano

Sidney Bechet

was the first great jazz soloist on saxophone.

_____ was one of Artie Shaw's biggest hits.

"Begin the Benguine"

Coleman Hawkin's most famous recording - the 1939 _____ - was a pinnacle in jazz improvisation and a tremendoues commercial success

"Body and Soul"

Scott Joplin's most famous composition is

"The Maple Leaf Rag"

Duke Ellington's trombonists included

"Tricky Sam" Nanton, Lawrence Brown, and Juan Tizol.

The form of "Dead Man Blues" is

12-bar blues.

When Louisiana and other southern states adopted the so-called Jim Crow laws, the special privileges of the Creoles ended in the year

1894.

The _____. more than any other decade, were dominated by big band music.

1930s

The song form used in this excerpt of "Changes" is

32-bar pop song form.

The Harlem Renaissance celebrated jazz musicians and bandleaders alongside its poets, painters, and playwrights.

False

Before 1899, New Orleans was owned by

France and Spain.

Lester Young was influenced by the lighter, vibratoless sound of which earlier saxophonist:

Frank Trumbauer

Who is the featured soloist at the beginning of "Singin' the Blues"?

Frank Trumbauer

Which of the following changes occurred in the rhythm section during the 1930s?

The string bass replaced the tuba and the guitar replaced the banjo.

What was novel about "Singin' the Blues" when it was first recorded?

The tempo and feeling of the performance are those of a ballad.

Which of following is/are true of Wilbur Sweatman?

ALL OF THESE: He was known for playing three clarinets simultaneously; his career spanned the transition to the sale of recordings over sheet music; his spontaneous musical embellishments hinted at a new era of bluesy improvisation.

What did Louis Armstrong learn through his gig on the Mississippi riverboats?

ALL THESE He improved his ability to read music; he learned to adapt New Orleans - style improvisation to written arrangements; he learned songs outside the New Orleans repertory.

Who of the following was a string bassist?

ALL THESE John Kirby, Stan Stewart, and Mint Hinton

Where else could one enjoy Swing Era soloists outside of their usual role on the big band?

ALL THESE in informal after-hour jam sessions; in pit bands and even radio and movie studios; in small groups formed by the bandleader

Jimmy Blanton

ALL THESE used chord substitutions, was a featured in Duke Ellington compositions, and recorded bass solos that departed from the walking bass in favor of freely improvised melody

In her later career, Mary Lou Williams

ALL THESE was a devoted teacher of jazz history; was a leader in the bebop (modern jazz) movement; and became increasingly active as a composer

A "head arrangement"

ALL THESE was not written down; was created by the entire band; and involved harmonizing block-chord riffs.

Among Ellington's stylistic accomplishments is/are:

ALL THESE: He proved that jazz writing could be applied pop songs; he expanded the influence of stride piano on jazz; he demonstrated the potential of the big band beyond the developments of Whiteman and Henderson.

At the turn of the century, the term "ragtime" referred to

ALL THESE: a piano style, a type of song, a syncopated dance.

Which of the following are hear in this recording of "Changes"?

ALL THESE: brass, strings, and saxophones.

In the 1920s, Paul Whiteman's band included

ALL THESE: brass, strings, saxophones

Joe "King" Oliver

ALL THESE: played cornet, was Louis Armstrong's mentor, and moved his band from New Orleans to Chicago.

On this recording of "Snake Rag," the trombone

ALL THESE: plays a number of prominent of glissandos; is played by Honore Dutrey; and performs during the collective improvisation.

Which of the following contributed to New Orleans being the ideal place for jazz to be cultivated?

ALL THESE: the two cultures of "creoles of color" and uptown negroes" led to a blending of musical style that influenced jazz; it was a port town, so many different kinds of people from different cultures mingled together; Africans were allowed to retain more of their own languages, beliefs, and customs that elsewhere in the South.

Which of the following bands began as a terroritory band in the Southwest?

Andy Kirk and his Twelve Clouds of Joy

This San Francisco bandleader was not famous, but he established the saxophone section as part of a jazz ensemble:

Art Hickman

Listening Example 3: "Over the Rainbow" Timing: 2:56-3:43 The pianist in this recording of "Over the Rainbow" is

Art Tatum

This stride pianist was so innovative with complex chromatic harmony and chord substitutions that modern musicians like Charlie Parker and Charles Mingus listed him as an influence:

Art Tatum

What brilliant stride virtuoso was once introduced by Fats Waller with the phrase: "Ladies and gentlemen, I play piano, but God is in the house tonight!"?

Art Tatum

Listening Example 3: "Star Dust" Timing: 1:40-2:22 Which clarinetist performs performs on this recording of "Star Dust"?

Artie Shaw

Which white swing clarinetist and bandleader, who spent as much of his early career as he could in Harlem, once said, "I was actually leading the life of a Negro musician"?

Artie Shaw

What bandleader's appearance at Carnegie Hall in 1938 helped to cement the respectability of jazz in America?

Benny Goodman

Among the jazz soloists added to the Paul Whiteman Band in the mid-1920s was/were

Bix Beiderbecke

Listening Example 2: "Weather Bird" Timing: 1:42-2:18 - twice through strain C The pianist in this recording of "Weather Bird" is

Earl Hines.

"Race records" were records kept by the census designed to prevent African Americans from voting in the South.

False

Listening Example 1: "Dead Man Blues" Timing: 0:32-1:05 The leader of the band on this recording of "Dead Man Blues" is

Jelly Roll Morton

What musician led a band that embodied the best in middle-class black dignity, with clever arrangements of "Put On Your Old Grey Bonnet" and "Organ Grinder's Swing"?

Jimmie Lunceford

This soloist, who pioneered the idea of "cool," once expressed this aesthetic by saying: "I'm looking for something soft. I can't stand that loud noise. It's got to be sweetness, you dig? Sweetness can be funky, filthy, or anything."

Lester Young

The pianist on this recording of "Snake Rage is the only musician in this band not from New Orleans:

Lil Hardin

Accompanying Louis Armstrong on the original Hot Five recordings were

Lil Hardin, Kid Ory, Johnny St. Cyr, and Johnny Dodds.

Although originally a drummer, ______ played vibraphone in the Benny Goodman Quartet.

Lionel Hampton

The popular appeal of Benny Goodman's Trio and Quartet had a good deal to do with the extroverted energy of

Lionel Hampton and Gene Krupa

Among the musicians hired by Fletcher Henderson in the 1920s was

Louis Armstrong

As a vocalist, Billie Holiday was strongly influenced by

Louis Armstrong

Bing Crosby's vocal style was inspired by

Louis Armstrong

Listening Example 1: "West End Blues" Timing: 0:00-0:50 The trumpet player in this recording of "West End Blues" is

Louis Armstrong

The trumpet player in this recording of "Weather Bird" is

Louis Armstrong.

Bill Challis was the noted 1920s arranger for the band of

Paul Whiteman

Listening Example 1: "Changes" Timing: 0:47-1:45 (interlude and Verse 1 and Song) The jazz orchestra in this recording of "Changes" is led by

Paul Whiteman

During the trio section of a piece, New Orleans bands often switched from collective improvisation to block-chord texture.

True

Storyville was

a district of legalized prostitution.

The main melodic material in this excerpt of "Blue Lou" is

a two-note riff in the saxophones, answered by the trumpets.

The bassist in this excerpt of "Oh! Lady Be Good" plays

a walking bass line and four even beats to the bar only

Bix Beiderbecke was

a white cornet player from Iowa.