MICR 4003 Exam 1

Who of the following scientists was executed by guillotine during the French revolution but later was exonerated?

Antoine Lavoisier

Who of the following scientists ground glass lenses to make microscopes?

Antony van Leeuwenhoek

The invention of beer, but not bread was an important milestone in the history of mankind.

False

There is no good evidence that beer was the driving force that led to agrarian societies.

False

Wort is most susceptible to contamination on the "hot side".

False

The purpose of the endosperm in barley grain is to

Feed the acrospire

Which of the following is NOT a component of Mouer's ancient beer recipe?

Hops

Who of the following scientists discovered that life is possible without oxygen?

Louis Pasteur

What is accomplished during the boil in brewing?

Sanitation, Isomerization of alpha-acids, hot-break

Kilning of germinated grain causes which of the following to happen?

Stops acrospire growth, stops modification, reduces moisture, produces flavor and color

Anchor Brewing Company may never commercialize their Ninkasi beer because it was so difficult to make.

True

It is impossible to know for certain whether it was man's quest for food or the pleasures of beer that drove cereal grain domestication.

True

Oxygen is added to wort as it is transferred from the brew kettle to the fermenter to help make the yeast healthy and encourage fermentation.

True

Several modern day brewers have attempted to recreate the ancient Sumerian recipe for beer made from cakes of malted grain.

True

The "flowing water" in the Hymn to Ninkasi refers to water from the Tigris and Euphrates rivers located in the Fertile Crescent of ancient Mesopotamia.

True

The Hymn to Ninkasi offers a glimpse into ancient brewing practices.

True

The consensus among scholars is that beer was discovered by accident.

True

Wort is cooled as it is transferred from the brew kettle to the fermenter to avoid killing yeast in the fermenter.

True

Ninkasi was

a Sumerian goddess, the brew master to the gods, and honored in the "Hymn to Ninkasi"

The Hymn to Ninkasi was written as

an expression of gratitude for the brewing process.

Which of the following is not a step in malting?

baking

Domesticated barley appeared around 7,750 BC, about the same time that clay vessels were invented. This led to the idea amongst some archaeologists that the clay vessels were used to store __________.

beer

German rulers found it necessary to pass laws to control beer quality because

beer brewing was primitive and susceptible to contamination., some brewers added questionable ingredients, beer was an important dietary staple and safer to drink than water.

The Sumerian word "bappir" is roughly translated as

cake made of grain

Attenuation means

complete conversion of sugar to ethanol.

During lagering, yeast will

consume chemicals that cause off flavors.

Which of the following happen during the "boil" in brewing?

cuts down on contamination, precipitates proteins and resins (hot-beak), dissolves alpha-acids, isomerization of alpha-acids to iso-alpha-acids

Mashing malted barley activates

enzymes that release sugars from starch

Use of a heat exchanger in the brewery lowers the cost of

heating and cooling

The history of beer in Germany dates back 3,000 years and during most of that time beer was brewed in

households

Yeast that have stopped growing but continue to make ethanol are

like a bag of enzymes

"Ninkasi beer" contains nutrients that were not consumed during fermentation and does not contain hops, which might

make it susceptible to spoilage, give it a short shelf life, cause it to taste different from most modern day beers.

Antony van Leeuwenhoek is known for discovering

microbes

Which of the following brewing terms refers to a step in malting that activates enzymes to convert starch to sugars and protein to amino acids?

modification

The ancient Sumerians germinated their barley by

soaking it in jars

Lautering is a process by which

sugars are separated from mash

Louis Pasteur is known for discovering

that beer could be transiently heated to prevent it from spoiling.

Antoine Lavoisier is known for discovering

that carbon dioxide and ethanol are made by fermentation.

Emil Christian Hansen is known for discovering

that use of pure yeast cultures greatly improved consistency in beer brewing.

The first recorded mention of hops, around the year 1,150 AD, was attributed to

the Abbess Hildegard von Bingen.

Why do crushed dates ferment naturally?

the dates have yeast on their surface

Some archaeologists think that beer's greatest impact was

to drive the switch of mankind from hunter-gatherers to agricultural societies.

The Hymn to Ninkasi was

written in the ancient Sumerian language, inscribed in Cuneiform, discovered on a clay tablet

In its original version, 500 years ago, German purity laws did NOT include which of the following ingredients?

yeast