Micro - Lecture Test 1 (1-5)
Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy (left to right): A. family, order, class B. family, genus, species C. genus, species, family D. class, phylum, order E. kingdom, domain, phylum
B. family, genus, species
Viruses that cause infection resulting in alternating periods of activity with symptoms and inactivity without symptoms are called A. Latent B. Oncogenic C. Prions D. Viroids E. Delta agents
A. Latent
New, nonenveloped virus release occurs by A. Lysis B. Budding C. Exocytosis D. Both lysis and budding E. Both budding and exocytosis
A. Lysis
Cells grown in culture form a(n) A. Monolayer B. Bilayer C. Aggregate D. Plaque E. None of the choices are correct
A. Monolayer
A bacterial genus that has waxy mycolic acid in the cell walls is A. Mycobacterium. B. Mycoplasma. C. Streptococcus. D. Corynebacterium. E. Salmonella.
A. Mycobacterium.
In general, most DNA viruses multiply in the host cell's _____, while most RNA viruses multiply in the host cell's _____. A. Nucleus, cytoplasm B. Cytoplasm, cell membrane C. Cell membrane, cytoplasm D. Cytoplasm, nucleus E. Nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum
A. Nucleus, cytoplasm
Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms. A. carbon B. nitrogen C. oxygen D. hydrogen E. phosphorous
A. carbon
Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial A. cell walls. B. cell membranes. C. capsules. D. slime layers. E. inclusions.
A. cell walls.
The orderly arrangement of organisms into a hierarchy of taxa is called A. classification. B. identification. C. nomenclature. D. experimentation. E. biotechnology.
A. classification.
The microorganisms that recycle nutrients by breaking down dead matter and wastes are called A. decomposers. B. prokaryotes. C. pathogens. D. eukaryotes. E. fermenters.
A. decomposers.
During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a/an A. endospore. B. cyst. C. seed. D. trophozoite. E. sporozoa.
B. cyst.
Which amino acid contains sulfur atoms that form covalent disulfide bonds in its tertiary structure? A. valine B. cysteine C. serine D. alanine E. tyrosine
B. cysteine
The cell _____ can be composed of three layers: the membrane, the cell wall, and the outer membrane. A. glycocalyx B. envelope C. pathogenic package D. slime coat E. None of the choices is correct.
B. envelope
A specific animal virus has the ability to attach to and enter almost any animal host cell. True or False
False
Bacteriophages do not undergo adsorption to specific host cell receptors prior to penetration. True or False
False
Each virus is assigned to genus status based on its host, target tissue and type of disease it causes. True or False
False
The adeno-associated virus (AAV) and the delta agent are prions. True or False
False
Viruses are not filterable. True or False
False
Viruses are ultramicroscopic because they range in size from 2 mm to 450 mm. True or False
False
Archaea do not have the typical peptidoglycan structure found in bacterial cell walls.
true
Bacteria in the genus Mycoplasma and bacteria called L-forms lack cell walls.
true
Endospores of certain bacterial species can enter tissues in the human body, germinate, and cause an infectious disease.
true
Eukaryotic mitochondria have their own 70S ribosomes and circular DNA.
true
Fungi can reproduce both sexually and asexually.
true
If you observe rod-shaped, pink cells on a slide that had just been Gram stained, you can assume that their cell walls contain endotoxin.
true
Infections caused by fungi are called mycoses.
true
Many chronic conditions are found to be associated with microbial agents.
true
Members of the same species share many more characteristics compared to those shared by members of the same kingdom.
true
Microbes have been found existing in salty, acidic lakes.
true
One distinguishing characteristic of the archaebacteria is that they live in extreme environments.
true
Rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes.
true
Some bacteria have a cytoskeleton of sterols to help maintain their shape.
true
The cell envelope of gram-positive bacteria has two layers: a thick cell wall and the cell membrane.
true
The cell envelope or its parts can interact with human tissue and cause disease.
true
The first cells on earth were probably archaea.
true
The fossil record has established that prokaryotes existed on earth for approximately 2 billion years before eukaryotes appeared.
true
The most important outcome of polypeptide intra-chain bonding and folding is the unique shape of the protein.
true
The only part of an amino acid that differs from other amino acids is its R group.
true
The prokaryotic cell membrane is a site for many enzymes and metabolic reactions.
true
The term sterile means free of all life forms.
true
True pili used for conjugation are only found on gram-negative bacteria.
true
Viruses are not classified in any of Whittaker's 5 kingdoms.
true
The term that refers to flagella at both poles is A. amphitrichous. B. atrichous. C. lophotrichous. D. monotrichous. E. peritrichous.
A. amphitrichous.
Viruses A. Cannot be seen in a light microscope B. Are prokaryotic C. Contain 70S ribosomes D. Undergo binary fission E. All of the choices are correct
A. Cannot be seen in a light microscope
Persistent viruses that can reactivate periodically are A. Chronic latent viruses B. Oncoviruses C. Syncytia D. Inclusion bodies E. Cytiopathic
A. Chronic latent viruses
Which of the following is not associated with every virus? A. Envelope B. Capsomeres C. Capsid D. Nucleic acid E. Genome
A. Envelope
Viruses attach to their hosts via A. Host glycoproteins B. Host phospholipids C. Viral phospholipids D. Viral flagella E. All of the choices are correct
A. Host glycoproteins
The surgeon who advocated using disinfectants on hands and in the air prior to surgery was A. Joseph Lister. B. Ignaz Semmelweis. C. Robert Koch. D. Louis Pasteur. E. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.
A. Joseph Lister.
Viruses with _____ sense RNA contain the correct message for translation, while viruses with _____ sense RNA must first be converted into a correct message. A. Positive, negative B. Negative, positive C. Primary, secondary D. Secondary, primary E. None of the choices are correct
A. Positive, negative
Which scientific name is written correctly? A. Staphylococcus aureus (italic) B. staphylococcus aureus (italic) C. Staphylococcus Aureus (italic) D. Staphylococcus aureus E. STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
A. Staphylococcus aureus (italic)
Bacterial endospores are not produced by A. Staphylococcus. B. Sporosarcina. C. Bacillus. D. Clostridium. E. All of the choices are correct.
A. Staphylococcus.
Which of the following is not a typical capsid shape? A. Tetrahedral B. Complex C. Helical D. Icosahedron E. All of the choices are capsid shapes
A. Tetrahedral
Infectious naked strands of RNA that affect plants are called A. Viroids B. Phages C. Prions D. Oncogenic viruses E. Spikes
A. Viroids
Spirochetes are able to move due to A. a periplasmic flagellum. B. a membrane bound flagellum. C. cilia serving as walking feet. D. pseudopods. E. fimbriae.
A. a periplasmic flagellum.
The _____ stain is used to stain and differentiate Mycobacterium and Nocardia from other bacteria. A. acid fast B. methylene blue C. Gram D. negative E. basic
A. acid fast
A scientist studying the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA of a bacterial species is working on A. determining evolutionary relatedness. B. bioremediation. C. recombinant DNA. D. nomenclature. E. determining if that species is the cause of a new disease.
A. determining evolutionary relatedness.
In humans, helminths generally infect the A. digestive tract. B. urinary tract. C. nervous system. D. muscular system. E. skin.
A. digestive tract.
Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called A. dimorphic. B. saprobes. C. pseudohyphae. D. spores. E. parasites.
A. dimorphic.
What part of a phospholipid forms hydrophobic tails? A. fatty acids B. glycerol C. phosphate D. alcohol E. All of the choices are correct.
A. fatty acids
Amoebic dysentery is most commonly contracted through the A. fecal oral route from contaminated food or water. B. direct transmission from one host to another. C. puncture wounds. D. insect bites. E. None of the choices is correct.
A. fecal oral route from contaminated food or water.
Lipopolysaccharide is an important cell wall component of A. gram-negative bacteria. B. gram-positive bacteria. C. acid fast bacteria. D. mycoplasmas. E. protoplasts.
A. gram-negative bacteria.
The purine___ always binds with the pyrimidine__ in DNA and RNA. A. guanine, cytosine B. cytosine, guanine C. adenine, guanine D. thymine, guanine
A. guanine, cytosine
Which of the following does not pertain to helminths? A. in kingdom Protista B. parasitic worms C. eggs and sperm used for reproduction D. often alternate hosts in complex life cycles E. have various organ systems
A. in kingdom Protista
All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the A. inclusions. B. fimbriae. C. capsule. D. slime layer. E. outer membrane of gram-negative cell walls.
A. inclusions.
Which organelle contains cristae where enzymes and electron carriers for aerobic respiration are found? A. mitochondria B. lysosomes C. Golgi apparatus D. chloroplasts E. endoplasmic reticulum
A. mitochondria
Which of the following is not considered a microorganism? A. mosquito B. protozoan C. bacterium D. virus E. fungus
A. mosquito
The eukaryotic cell's glycocalyx is A. mostly polysaccharide. B. the site where many metabolic reactions occur. C. also called the cell wall. D. composed of lipids. E. protection against osmotic lysis.
A. mostly polysaccharide.
Purines and pyrimidines are components in the building block units of all A. nucleic acids. B. carbohydrates. C. polysaccharides. D. amino acids. E. enzymes.
A. nucleic acids.
All bacterial cells have A. one or more chromosomes. B. one or more fimbriae. C. the ability to produce endospores. D. capsules. E. flagella.
A. one or more chromosomes.
Which of the following functional groups is mismatched to the organic compound? A. phosphate-carbohydrates B. carboxyl-proteins C. amino-proteins D. phosphate-phospholipid E. carboxyl-fatty acids
A. phosphate-carbohydrates
The fragile cell produced when gram-positive bacteria are exposed to lysozyme or penicillin is a/an A. protoplast. B. mycoplasma. C. spheroplast. D. glycocalyx. E. glycan.
A. protoplast.
Cell walls are not found on typical cells of A. protozoa. B. algae. C. fungi. D. bacteria. E. All of the choices are correct.
A. protozoa.
Cilia are found in certain A. protozoa. B. algae. C. fungi. D. bacteria. E. All of the choices are correct.
A. protozoa.
When buds remain attached, they form a chain of yeast cells called A. pseudohyphae. B. septa. C. molds. D. dimorphic. E. mycelium.
A. pseudohyphae.
Which of the following is not a phenotypic trait of bacteria? A. rRNA sequencing B. shape C. culture behavior D. biochemical reaction E. All of these are phenotypic traits.
A. rRNA sequencing
Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called A. saprobes. B. parasites. C. substrates. D. nonseptate. E. dimorphic.
A. saprobes.
The group of protozoa that use pseudopodia to move are the A. sarcodina. B. ciliophora. C. mastigophora. D. apicomplexa. E. None of the choices is correct.
A. sarcodina.
A chain of rod-shaped cells would be called a/an A. streptobacillus. B. staphylobacillus. C. streptococcus. D. staphylococcus. E. palisades.
A. streptobacillus.
Biologists have found evidence that eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic organisms by a process of intracellular A. symbiosis. B. parasitisim. C. communalism. D. pathogenicity. E. None of the choices is correct.
A. symbiosis.
The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the A. trophozoite. B. cyst. C. sporozoite. D. oocyst. E. food vacuole.
A. trophozoite.
Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering? A. viruses B. bacteria C. parasites D. fungi E. yeasts
A. viruses
The first prokaryotes appeared about ___ billion years ago. A. 5 B. 4 C. 3 D. 2 E. 1
B. 4
Diagnosis of viral infections sometimes involves analyzing the patient's blood for specific _____ that the immune system produced against the virus. A. Glycoproteins B. Antibodies C. Complement proteins D. Antigens E. None of the choices are correct
B. Antibodies
The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was A. Francesco Redi. B. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. C. Louis Pasteur. D. Joseph Lister. E. Robert Koch.
B. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.
Viral spikes A. Are always present on enveloped viruses B. Bind viral capsid and envelope together C. Allow bacteria to evade host defenses D. Are derived from host proteins E. All of the choices are correct
B. Bind viral capsid and envelope together
A _____ is the protein shell around the nucleic acid core of a virus. A. Capsomere B. Capsid C. Spike D. Envelope E. Monolayer
B. Capsid
A common method for cultivating viruses in the lab is to use in vitro systems called _____ cultures. A. Embryo B. Cell C. Plaque D. Bacteriophage E. Egg
B. Cell
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a transformed cell? A. Viral nucleic acid integrated into host DNA B. Decreased growth rate C. Alterations in chromosomes D. Changes in cell surface molecules E. Capacity to divide indefinitely
B. Decreased growth rate
Satellite viruses are A. Also called viroids B. Dependent on other viruses for replication C. The cause of spongiform encephalopathies D. Significant pathogens of plants E. All of the choices are correct
B. Dependent on other viruses for replication
Which of the following represents a virus family name? A. Herpes simplex virus B. Herpesviridae C. Picornavirus D. Enterovirus E. Hepatitis B virus
B. Herpesviridae
In transduction, the viral genome A. Initiates lysis of the host B. Includes DNA from the previous host C. Is replicated in the cytoplasm D. Is replicated in the nucleus E. None of the choices are correct
B. Includes DNA from the previous host
T-even phages A. Include the poxviruses B. Infect Escherichia coli cells C. Enter host cells by engulfment D. Have helical capsids E. All of the choices are correct
B. Infect Esherichia coli cells
The event that occurs in bacteriophage multiplication that does not occur in animal virus replication is A. Adsorption to the host cells B. Injection of only the viral nucleic acid into the host cell C. Host cell synthesis of viral enzymes and capsid proteins D. Assembly of nucleocapsids E. Replication of viral nucleic acid
B. Injection of only the viral nucleic acid into the host cell
When a bacterium acquires a trait from its temperate phage, it is called A. Transformation B. Lysogenic conversion C. Viral persistence D. Transcription E. Translation
B. Lysogenic conversion
Oncogenic viruses include all the following except A. Hepatitis B virus B. Measles virus C. Papillomavirus D. HTLVI and HTLVII viruses E. Epstein-Barr virus
B. Measles virus
Viruses have all the following except A. Definite shape B. Metabolism C. Genes D. Ability to infect host cells E. Ultramicroscopic size
B. Metabolism
Mammalian viruses capable of starting tumors are A. Chronic latent viruses B. Oncoviruses C. Syncytia D. Inclusion bodies E. Cytiopathic
B. Oncoviruses
Freshly isolated animal tissue that is placed in a growth medium and allowed to produce a cell monolayer is referred to as a _____ cell culture. A. Initial B. Primary C. Secondary D. Continuous E. Positive
B. Primary
Which of the following is not a division of Kingdom Prokaryote according to Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology? A. Gracilicutes B. Scotobacteria C. Firmicutes D. Tenericutes E. Mendosicutes
B. Scotobacteria
What structures are used by bacteriophages to attach to host cell receptors? A. Sheath B. Tail fibers C. Nucleic acid D. Capsid head E. None of the choices are correct
B. Tail fibers
Which of the following is not a viral order in the classification system? A. Caudovirales B. Vaccinia virus C. Nidovirales D. Mononegavirales E. All of the choices are viral orders
B. Vaccinia virus
Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that A. microbes are found on dust particles. B. a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease. C. life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms. D. a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom. E. microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills.
B. a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease.
Which of the following is not a pyrimidine? A. uracil B. adenine C. thymine D. cytosine E. All of these are pyrimidines.
B. adenine
Protists include A. yeasts and molds. B. algae and protozoa. C. helminths. D. All of the choices are correct. E. None of the choices is correct.
B. algae and protozoa.
Organisms called parasites are A. always classified in the kingdom Monera. B. always harmful to their host. C. the decomposers in ecosystems. D. always a virus. E. free-living.
B. always harmful to their host.
Gram-negative organisms A. are more susceptible to antibiotics that target peptidoglycan than gram-positive organisms. B. are less susceptible to antibiotics that target peptidoglycan than gram-positive organisms. C. stain purple in the Gram stain. D. encompass all pathogens. E. None of the choices is correct.
B. are less susceptible to antibiotics that target peptidoglycan than gram-positive organisms.
The two functions of bacterial appendages are A. attachment and protection. B. attachment and motility. C. motility and slime production. D. energy reactions and synthesis. E. protection and motility.
B. attachment and motility.
Using microbes to detoxify a site contaminated with heavy metals is an example of A. biotechnology. B. bioremediation. C. decomposition. D. immunology. E. epidemiology.
B. bioremediation.
If bacteria living in salty seawater were displaced to a freshwater environment, the cell structure that would prevent the cells from rupturing is the A. endospore. B. cell wall. C. cell membrane. D. capsule. E. slime layer.
B. cell wall.
Bacterial cells could have any of the following appendages except A. flagella. B. cilia. C. fimbriae. D. periplasmic flagella (axial filaments). E. sex pili.
B. cilia.
Two major structures that allow bacteria to adhere to surfaces are ___ and ___. A. pili, ribosomes B. fimbrae, capsules C. lipopolysaccharides, techoic acids D. actin filaments, phospholipid membrane(s) E. actin filaments, ribosomes
B. fimbrae, capsules
When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms the process is called A. bioremediation. B. genetic engineering. C. epidemiology. D. immunology. E. taxonomy.
B. genetic engineering.
All of the following are monosaccharides except A. glucose. B. glycogen. C. fructose. D. ribose. E. deoxyribose.
B. glycogen.
Lysozyme is most effective against A. gram-negative organisms. B. gram-positive organisms. C. mycoplasmas. D. cyanobacteria. E. archea.
B. gram-positive organisms.
A prokaryotic cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is A. gram-negative. B. gram-positive. C. archaea. D. spheroplast. E. acid fast.
B. gram-positive.
Halobacterium salinarium lives in and requires salt. This is an example of an archaebacterium described as a/an __. A. osmophile B. halophile C. thermophile D. psychrophile E. methanogen
B. halophile
Polar molecules A. have an equal charge distribution. B. have an unequal charge distribution. C. are insoluble in water. D. always contain carbon. E. always involve oxygen.
B. have an unequal charge distribution.
A/an _____ originates from the Golgi apparatus as one type of vesicle that contains a variety of enzymes for intracellular digestion. A. perixosome B. lysosome C. magnetosome D. inclusion E. ribosome
B. lysosome
The enzyme _____, that is found in tears and saliva, can hydrolyze the bonds in the glycan chains of certain bacterial cell walls. A. penicillinase B. lysozyme C. peptidase D. All of the choices are correct. E. None of the choices is correct.
B. lysozyme
During protein synthesis, ____ RNA is made to be a copy of a gene from the DNA. A. transfer B. messenger C. ribosomal D. All of the choices are correct.
B. messenger
There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _____ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia. A. filaments B. microtubules C. flagella D. cilia E. None of the choices is correct.
B. microtubules
Protozoan endoplasm contains A. ectoplasm. B. mitochondria. C. flagella. D. oral groves. E. None of the choices is correct.
B. mitochondria.
Chemotaxis refers to the ability to A. move in response to light. B. move in response to a chemical. C. not move in response to a chemical. D. transport desired molecules into cell. E. None of the choices is correct.
B. move in response to a chemical.
During the Gram stain, gram-_____ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied. A. positive B. negative C. both positive and negative D. neither positive nor negative
B. negative
The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the A. ribosome. B. nucleolus. C. nucleus. D. Golgi apparatus. E. lysosome.
B. nucleolus.
Which is not a characteristic of fungi? A. have cell walls B. photosynthetic C. include single-celled and filamentous forms D. heterotrophic nutrition E. can use a wide variety of nutrients
B. photosynthetic
The difference in cell wall structure of Mycobacterium and Nocardia compared to the typical gram- positive bacterial cell wall structure is A. more peptidoglycan. B. predominance of unique, waxy lipids. C. easily decolorized. D. presence of lipopolysaccharide. E. All of the choices are correct.
B. predominance of unique, waxy lipids.
The microorganisms that do not have a nucleus in their cells are called A. decomposers. B. prokaryotes. C. pathogens. D. eukaryotes. E. fermenters.
B. prokaryotes.
The most immediate result of destruction of a cell's ribosomes would be A. material would not be able to cross the cell membrane. B. protein synthesis would stop. C. destruction of the cell's DNA. D. formation of glycogen inclusions. E. loss of capsule.
B. protein synthesis would stop.
The alpha helix is a type of _____ protein structure. A. primary B. secondary C. tertiary D. quaternary E. None of the choices is correct.
B. secondary
Larval development of helminths occurs in which host? A. primary host B. secondary host C. definitive host D. transport host E. Mating takes place in all hosts.
B. secondary host
The smallest and most significant taxon is A. genus. B. species. C. kingdom. D. family. E. phylum.
B. species.
All of the following are lipids except A. cholesterol. B. starch. C. phospholipid. D. wax. E. triglyceride.
B. starch.
Which scientific field is involved in the identification, classification, and naming of organisms? A. nomenclature B. taxonomy C. phylogeny D. Woesean classification E. None of the choices is correct.
B. taxonomy
Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes? A. coccus B. tetrad C. vibrio D. rod E. spirochete
B. tetrad
Protists with contractile vacuoles A. are algae. B. use them to expel excess water from the cell. C. typically live in salty seawater. D. use them for motility. E. All of the choices are correct.
B. use them to expel excess water from the cell.
The correct sequence of events in viral multiplication is A. Penetration, uncoating, synthesis, adsorption, assembly, release B. Uncoating, penetration, synthesis, assembly, absorption, release C. Adsorption, penetration, uncoating, synthesis, assembly, release D. Assembly, synthesis, uncoating, release, penetration, adsorption E. Adsorption, release, synthesis, uncoating, assembly, penetration
C. Adsorption, penetration, uncoating, synthesis, assembly, release
Viruses that infect bacteria are specifically called A. Viroids B. Prions C. Bacteriophages D. Satellite viruses E. All of the choices infect bacteria
C. Bacteriophages
_____ Manual of Systematic Bacteriology is a manual of bacterial descriptions and classifications. A. Pasteur's B. Lister's C. Bergey's D. Leeuwenhoek's E. Koch's
C. Bergey's
Virus capsids are made from subunits called A. Envelopes B. Spikes C. Capsomeres D. Prophages E. Peplomers
C. Capsomeres
The scientist/s that proposed organisms be assigned to one of three domains is/are A. Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur. B. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. C. Carl Woese and George Fox. D. Robert Whittaker. E. Francesco Redi.
C. Carl Woese and George Fox.
In which stage of the multiplication cycle of T-even phages are the phages developing and are not yet infectious? A. Virion B. Induction C. Eclipse D. Conversion E. None of the choices are correct
C. Eclipse
An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the A. mitochondria. B. lysosome. C. Golgi apparatus. D. chloroplast. E. endoplasmic reticulum.
C. Golgi apparatus.
One of the principal capsid shapes is a 20-sided figure with 12 evenly spaced corners referred to as a(n) _____ capsid. A. Spiked B. Complex C. Icosahedral D. Helical E. Buckeyball
C. Icosahedral
A naked virus only has a(n) A. Capsid B. Capsomere C. Nucleocapsid D. Envelope E. Antigenic surface
C. Nucleocapsid
Who developed a rabies vaccine by separating bacteria from virus using a filter? A. Leewonhoek B. Koch C. Pasteur D. Cohn
C. Pasteur
Visible, clear, well-defined patches in a monolayer of virus-infected cells in a culture are called A. Lysogeny B. Budding C. Plaques D. Cytopathic effects E. Pocks
C. Plaques
After returning from a trip to Africa, Tom begins to feel very tired and weak. He has severe anemia. A blood smear reveals a protozoan is present in his blood. The health care provider tells Tom he has malaria. Which of the following could be the causative agent of his disease? A. HIV B. Nagleria fowleri C. Plasmodium falciparum D. Trichophyton E. Histoplasma capsulatum
C. Plasmodium falciparum
Infectious protein particles are called A. Viroids B. Phages C. Prions D. Oncogenic viruses E. Spikes
C. Prions
Which scientist showed that anthrax was caused by the bacterium, Bacillus anthracis? A. Joseph Lister B. Ignaz Semmelweis C. Robert Koch D. Louis Pasteur E. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
C. Robert Koch
Which of the following is a scientific name? A. gram-positive streptococcus B. Staphylococcus C. Streptococcus pyogenes D. anthrax E. Streptobacilli
C. Streptococcus pyogenes
A negative RNA virus must first A. Synthesize a DNA copy of its genome B. Synthesize a negative RNA copy of its genome C. Synthesize a positive RNA copy of its genome D. Transcribe reverse transcriptase E. Transcribe RNA polymerase
C. Synthesize a positive RNA copy of its genome.
What type of phage enters an inactive prophage stage? A. Primary B. Secondary C. Temperate D. Temporary E. Transformed
C. Temperate
Which of the following is mismatched? A. Gracilicutes - gram-negative cell walls B. Firmicutes - gram-positive cell walls C. Tenericutes - waxy acid fast cell walls D. Mendosicutes - archaea cell walls E. None of the choices is correct.
C. Tenericutes - waxy acid fast cell walls
Host range is limited by A. Type of nucleic acid in the virus B. Age of the host cell C. Type of host cell receptors on cell membrane D. Size of the host cell E. All of the choices are correct
C. Type of host cell receptors on cell membrane
The process of dissolving the envelope and capsid to release the viral nucleic acid is A. Adsorption B. Penetration C. Uncoating D. Synthesis E. Assembly
C. Uncoating
Sterile refers to A. pathogen free. B. absence of spores. C. absence of any life forms and viral particles. D. pasteurized. E. homogenized.
C. absence of any life forms and viral particles.
Protozoan cysts A. are part of all protozoan life cycles. B. are necessary for transmission to a new host. C. are helpful in surviving unfavorable conditions. D. are the primary form of replication. E. All of the choices are correct.
C. are helpful in surviving unfavorable conditions.
The prokaryotic flagellum has three parts in the order from cytoplasm to external environment: A. filament, hook, basal body B. filament, basal body, hook C. basal body, hook, filament D. hook, basal body, filament E. basal body, filament, hook
C. basal body, hook, filament
The outcome of the Gram stain is based on differences in the cell's A. ribosomes. B. inclusions. C. cell wall. D. cell membrane. E. flagella.
C. cell wall.
Most biochemical macromolecules are polymers, which are A. chains of hydrophobic molecules. B. chains of electrolytic molecules. C. chains of repeating monomers. D. chains of repeating carbohydrates. E. chains of hydrogen bonds.
C. chains of repeating monomers.
Movement of a cell toward a chemical stimulus is termed A. phototaxis. B. taxis. C. chemotaxis. D. tumble. E. None of the choices is correct.
C. chemotaxis.
Which pertains to DNA but not to RNA? A. contains ribose B. contains adenine C. contains thymine D. contains uracil E. contains nucleotides
C. contains thymine
Which order below reflects the correct procedure for Gram staining? A. alcohol/acetone-crystal violet-safranin-iodine B. crystal violet-alcohol/acetone-iodine-safranin C. crystal violet-iodine-alcohol/acetone-safranin D. iodine-safranin-crystal violet-alcohol/acetone E. alcohol/acetone-safranin-crystal violet-iodine
C. crystal violet-iodine-alcohol/acetone-safranin
In eukaryotic cells, ribosomes have two locations: scattered in the _____ and on the surface of _____. A. cytoplasm, Golgi apparatus B. nucleus, Golgi apparatus C. cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum D. cytoplasm, Golgi apparatus E. nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum
C. cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum
Adulthood and mating of helminths occur in which host? A. primary host B. secondary host C. definitive host D. transport host E. Mating takes place in all hosts.
C. definitive host
Which area of biology states that living things undergo gradual, structural, and functional changes over long periods of time? A. morphology B. phylogeny C. evolution D. genetics E. None of the choices is correct.
C. evolution
The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called A. flagella. B. cilia. C. fimbriae. D. periplasmic flagella (axial filaments). E. sex pili.
C. fimbriae.
Chitin is a chemical component of the cell walls of A. protozoa. B. algae. C. fungi. D. bacteria. E. All of the choices are correct.
C. fungi.
Larvae and eggs are developmental forms of A. protozoa. B. algae. C. helminthes. D. fungi. E. None of the choices is correct.
C. helminthes.
The long, thread-like branching cells of molds are called A. conidiophores. B. pseudohyphae. C. hyphae. D. septate. E. ascus.
C. hyphae.
The bacterial chromosome A. is located in the cell membrane. B. contains all the cell's plasmids. C. is part of the nucleoid. D. forms a single linear strand of DNA. E. All of the choices are correct.
C. is part of the nucleoid.
Which of the following is a taxon that contains all the other taxa listed? A. species B. phylum C. kingdom D. genus E. family
C. kingdom
The term that refers to the presence of a tuft of flagella emerging from the same site is A. amphitrichous. B. atrichous. C. lophotrichous. D. monotrichous. E. peritrichous.
C. lophotrichous.
Which of the following is not a human use of microorganisms? A. making bread B. treating water and sewage C. manufacturing copper wire D. mass producing antibiotics E. cleaning up oil spills
C. manufacturing copper wire
The group of protozoa that have flagella are the A. sarcodina. B. ciliophora. C. mastigophora. D. apicomplexa. E. None of the choices is correct.
C. mastigophora.
The eukaryotic cell organelle that most resembles a bacterial cell is the A. nucleus. B. Golgi apparatus. C. mitochondria. D. lysosome. E. ribosome.
C. mitochondria.
Filamentous fungi are called A. pseudohyphae. B. septa. C. molds. D. dimorphic. E. mycelium.
C. molds.
Which of the following is not a function of the eukaryote glycocalyx? A. protection B. adherence C. movement D. reception of chemical signals E. All of the choices are functions.
C. movement
A student forgot to label a beaker containing a DNA solution and a beaker containing a glucose solution. If chemical analysis was performed to identify the contents of each beaker, which of the following would be found in the beaker of DNA but not in the beaker with glucose? A. amino acids B. hydrogen and oxygen atoms C. nitrogen and phosphorus D. fatty acids E. carbon atoms
C. nitrogen and phosphorus
What two categories of fungi cause human diseases? A. primary and secondary B. primary and vegetative C. opportunistic and primary D. secondary and opportunistic E. vegetative and reproductive
C. opportunistic and primary
Disease-causing microorganisms are called A. decomposers. B. prokaryotes. C. pathogens. D. eukaryotes. E. fermenters.
C. pathogens.
What type of bonds are formed between adjacent amino acids? A. glycosilic B. ester C. peptide D. disulfide E. phosphate
C. peptide
The lipid group that is the major component of cell membranes is the A. prostaglandins. B. waxes. C. phospholipids. D. steroids. E. triglycerides.
C. phospholipids.
Which of the following is mismatched? A. ribosomes - protein synthesis B. inclusions - excess cell nutrients and materials C. plasmids - genes essential for growth and metabolism D. nucleoid - hereditary material E. cytoplasm - dense, gelatinous solution
C. plasmids - genes essential for growth and metabolism
The passageways in the nuclear envelope for movement of substances to and from the nucleus and cytoplasm are called nuclear A. histones. B. chromatin. C. pores. D. endoplasmic reticulum. E. inclusions.
C. pores.
The function of bacterial endospores is A. to convert gaseous nitrogen to a usable form for plants. B. reproduction and growth. C. protection of genetic material during harsh conditions. D. storage of excess cell materials. E. to act as sites for photosynthesis.
C. protection of genetic material during harsh conditions.
The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and A. mRNA. B. tRNA. C. rRNA. D. All of the choices are correct. E. None of the choices is correct.
C. rRNA.
An irregular cluster of spherical cells would be called a/an A. palisades. B. sarcina. C. staphylococcus. D. streptococcus. E. spirilla.
C. staphylococcus.
All of the following are helminths except A. pinworms. B. flukes. C. trypanosomes. D. roundworms. E. tapeworms.
C. trypanosomes.
Which of the following is incorrect about prophages? A. Present when the virus is in lysogeny B. Formed when viral DNA enters the bacterial chromosome C. Replicated with host DNA and passed on to progeny D. Cause lysis of host cells E. Occur when temperate phages enter host cells
D. Cause lysis of host cells
Characteristics shared by all cells include A. a membrane serving as a cell boundary. B. the possession of genetic information. C. the presence of cellular fluid. D. All of these choices are correct.
D. All of these choices are correct.
Classification of viruses into families involves determining all the following characteristics except A. Type of nucleic acid B. Type of capsid C. Presence of an envelope D. Biochemical reactions E. Number of strands in the nucleic acid
D. Biochemical reactions
Helical and icosahedral are terms used to describe the shapes of a virus A. Spike B. Capsomere C. Envelope D. Capsid E. Core
D. Capsid
Creutzfeld-Jacob disease is A. Caused by a chronic latent virus B. Initiated by an oncogenic virus C. Caused by a viroid D. A spongiform encephalopathy of humans E. Also called "mad cow disease"
D. A spongiform encephalopathy of humans
One nucleotide contains A. one phosphate. B. one pentose sugar. C. one nitrogen base. D. All of the choices are correct. E. None of the choices is correct.
D. All of the choices are correct.
Traditional approaches to taxonomy involved observation of visible morphological characteristics. Today, however, new molecular methods include the examination of A. DNA. B. rRNA. C. proteins. D. All of the choices are correct.
D. All of the choices are correct.
The primary purposes of viral cultivation are: A. to isolate and identify viruses in clinical specimens B. to prepare viruses for vaccines C. to do detailed research on viral structure, lifestyle, genetics and effects on host cells D. All of these
D. All of these
Which of the following species of bacteria is not closely related to the others? A. Staphylococcus aureus B. Staphylococcus epidermidis C. Staphylococcus saprophyticus D. Escherichia coli E. Staphylococcus capitis
D. Escherichia coli
Which activity is an example of biotechnology? A. bacteria in the soil secreting an antibiotic to kill competitors B. a microbiologist using the microscope to study bacteria C. Egyptians using moldy bread on wounds D. Eschericia coli producing human insulin E. public health officials monitoring diseases in a community
D. Eschericia coli producing human insulin
Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane? A. The upper most layer is made of lipopolysaccharides. B. The inner most layer is a phospholipid bilayer. C. The porin proteins create channels through the outer membrane. D. Gram-positive bacteria have an outer membrane. E. The lipid portion of the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.
D. Gram-positive bacteria have an outer membrane.
During lysogeny, an inactive prophage state occurs when the viral DNA is inserted into the A. Host cytoplasm B. Host nucleus C. Host nucleolus D. Host DNA E. Host cell membrane
D. Host DNA
The activation of a prophage is called A. Activation B. Lysogeny C. Transformation D. Induction E. Adsorption
D. Induction
The envelope of enveloped viruses is A. Identical to the host plasma membrane B. Only compose of host endomembrane C. Always includes spikes D. Is obtained by viral budding or exocytosis E. None of the choices are correct
D. Is obtained by viral budding or exocytosis
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a prokaryote? A. Its DNA is not encased in a membrane. B. It has a cell wall made of peptidoglycans or other distinct chemicals. C. It does not have membrane-bound organelles. D. Its DNA is wrapped around histones. E. All of these are characteristics of prokaryotes.
D. Its DNA is wrapped around histones.
A client has a serious case of the flu. A random sample of sputum was taken from the patient coughing up blood. The lab tech said they had isolated a bacterium that did not have any peptidoglycan. You hypothesize that the identity of this microbe could possibly be A. Mycobacterium tuberculosis. B. Borrelia burghdorferi. C. Streptococcus pneumoniae. D. Mycoplasma pneumoniae. E. Staphylococcus aureus.
D. Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
Which is mismatched? A. Giardia-transmitted by feces in drinking water B. Histoplasma-causes Ohio Valley fever C. Trichomonas-sexually transmitted D. Plasmodium-causes Chagas disease E. Naegleria-brain infection
D. Plasmodium-causes Chagas disease
Viruses acquire envelopes around their nucleocapsids during A. Replication B. Assembly C. Adsorption D. Release E. Penetration
D. Release
Viral tissue specificities are called A. Ranges B. Virions C. Receptacles D. Tropisms E. Uncoating
D. Tropisms
Lysogeny refers to A. Altering the host range of a virus B. Latent state of herpes infections C. Virion exiting host cell D. Viral genome inserting into bacterial host chromosome E. None of the choices are correct
D. Viral genome inserting into bacterial host chromosome
The group of protozoa that are not mobile are the A. sarcodina. B. ciliophora. C. mastigophora. D. apicomplexa. E. None of the choices is correct.
D. apicomplexa.
All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that A. cause human disease. B. lack a cell nucleus. C. are infectious particles. D. are too small to be seen with the unaided eye. E. can only be found growing in laboratories.
D. are too small to be seen with the unaided eye.
Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized? A. slime layer B. fimbriae C. cell membrane D. capsule E. All of the choices are correct.
D. capsule
Which organelle is found in algae but not found in protozoa or fungi? A. mitochondria B. lysosome C. Golgi apparatus D. chloroplast E. endoplasmic reticulum
D. chloroplast
Mitochondria possess all of the following except A. enzymes for metabolism. B. cristae. C. electron transport chain proteins. D. enzymes for photosynthesis. E. 70S ribosomes (prokaryote).
D. enzymes for photosynthesis.
The endosymbiotic theory has been developed to explain the emergence of A. archea. B. bacteria. C. prokaryotes. D. eukaryotes. E. None of the choices is correct.
D. eukaryotes.
A bacterial cell exhibiting chemotaxis probably has A. fimbriae. B. a capsule. C. thylakoids. D. flagella. E. metachromatic granules.
D. flagella.
Living things ordinarily too small to be seen with the unaided eye are termed A. bacteria. B. viruses. C. parasites. D. microorganisms. E. None of the choices is correct.
D. microorganisms.
In eukaryotic cells, which of the following contains DNA? A. nucleus, mitochondria, and Golgi apparatus B. nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus C. nucleus, nucleolus, and Golgi apparatus D. nucleus, chloroplast, and mitochondria E. Nucleus, chloroplast, and peroxisome
D. nucleus, chloroplast, and mitochondria
Helminths are A. bacteria. B. protozoa. C. molds. D. parasitic worms. E. infectious particles.
D. parasitic worms.
Spirochetes have a twisting and flexing locomotion due to appendages called A. flagella. B. cilia. C. fimbriae. D. periplasmic flagella (axial filaments). E. sex pili.
D. periplasmic flagella (axial filaments).
The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms is called A. biotechnology. B. genetics. C. recombinant DNA. D. phylogeny. E. taxonomy.
D. phylogeny.
Which of the following would have glycosidic bonds? A. triglycerides B. monosaccharides C. polypeptides D. polysaccharides E. ATP
D. polysaccharides
Histones are A. found in polyribosomes. B. enzymes found in lysosomes. C. proteins of the cytoskeleton. D. proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus. E. on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum.
D. proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus.
A fat is called _____ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single bonded to 2 other carbons and 2 hydrogens. A. unsaturated B. polyunsaturated C. monounsaturated D. saturated E. None of the choices is correct.
D. saturated
ATP is best described as A. an enzyme. B. a double helix. C. an electron carrier. D. the energy molecule of cells. E. All of the choices are correct.
D. the energy molecule of cells.
Taxonomy does not involve A. nomenclature. B. classification. C. taxa. D. identification. E. common name.
E. common name.
The size of a eukaryotic cell ribosome is A. 30S. B. 40S. C. 50S. D. 70S. E. 80S.
E. 80S.
Host cells of viruses include A. Human and other animals B. Plants and fungi C. Bacteria D. Protozoa and algae E. All of the choices are correct
E. All of the choices are correct
Uncoating of viral nucleic acid A. Does not occur in bacteriophage multiplication B. Involves enzymatic destruction of the capsid C. Occurs during penetration in the multiplication cycle D. Occurs before replication E. All of the choices are correct
E. All of the choices are correct
Viral nucleic acids include which of the following A. Double stranded DNA B. Single stranded DNA C. Double stranded RNA D. Single stranded RNA E. All of the choices are correct
E. All of the choices are correct
Which of the following is a type of cytopathic effect? A. Inclusions in the nucleus B. Multinucleated giant cells C. Inclusions in the cytoplasm D. Cells round up E. All of the choices are correct
E. All of the choices are correct
Endospores are A. metabolically inactive. B. resistant to heat and chemical destruction. C. resistant to destruction by radiation. D. living structures. E. All of the choices are correct.
E. All of the choices are correct.
The cytoskeleton A. anchors organelles. B. provides support. C. functions in movements of the cytoplasm. D. helps maintain cell shape. E. All of the choices are correct.
E. All of the choices are correct.
The eukaryote cell membrane is composed of A. sterols. B. proteins. C. phospholipids. D. cholesterol. E. All of the choices are correct.
E. All of the choices are correct.
Which of the following is found in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells? A. nucleus B. mitochondria C. endoplasmic reticulum D. lysosomes E. All of the choices are correct.
E. All of the choices are correct.
All of the following are helminths except A. tapeworms. B. flukes. C. flatworms. D. roundworms. E. All of the choices are helminths.
E. All of the choices are helminths.
Which of the following will not support viral cultivation? A. Live lab animals B. Embryonated bird eggs C. Primary cell cultures D. Continuous cell cultures E. All of the choices will support viral cultivation
E. All of the choices will support viral cultivation
When assigning a scientific name to an organism, A. the species name is capitalized. B. the species name is placed first. C. the species name can be abbreviated. D. both genus and species names are capitalized. E. Both genus and species names are italicized or underlined.
E. Both genus and species names are italicized or underlined.
The core of every virus particle always contains A. DNA B. Capsomeres C. Enzymes D. DNA and RNA E. Either DNA or RNA
E. Either DNA or RNA
All of the following pertain to virus envelopes except A. Gained as a virus leaves the host cell membrane B. Gained as a virus leaves the nuclear membrane C. Contain special virus proteins D. Help the virus particle attach to host cells E. Located between the capsid and nucleic acid
E. Located between the capsid and nucleic acid
Reverse transcriptase synthesizes A. The positive RNA strand from a negative RNA strand B. A negative RNA strand from a positive RNA strand C. Viral RNA from DNA D. Viral DNA from RNA E. None of the choices are correct
E. None of the choices are correct
Which of the following occurs during assembly? A. Nucleocapsid is formed B. New viral nucleic acid is formed C. Viral spikes insert in host cell membrane D. All of the choices occur E. Only choices A and C occur
E. Only choices A and C occur
Viral growth in bird embryos can cause discrete, opaque spots in the embryonic membranes called A. Lysogeny B. Budding C. Plaques D. Cytopathic effects E. Pocks
E. Pocks
Two noncellular agents, smaller than viruses, are the infectious proteins called _____ and the infectious RNA strands called _____. A. Prions, capsomeres B. Virions, prions C. Viroids, phages D. Prions, phages E. Prions, viroids
E. Prions, viroids
An amino acid contains all of the following except A. an amino group. B. a carboxyl group. C. a variable R group. D. a carbon. E. a nitrogen base.
E. a nitrogen base.
The building blocks of an enzyme are A. nucleotides. B. glycerol and fatty acids. C. monosaccharides. D. phosphate, glycerol, and fatty acids. E. amino acids.
E. amino acids.
Plasmids A. are found in all bacteria. B. are essential for survival. C. cannot be passed between organisms. D. cannot be passed on to progeny. E. are often the site of pathogenic genes.
E. are often the site of pathogenic genes.
The basal body of a flagellum is anchored into the A. hook. B. outer membrane. C. cell wall. D. peptidoglycan layer. E. cell membrane.
E. cell membrane.
The site/s for most ATP synthesis in prokaryotic cells is/are the A. ribosomes. B. mitochondria. C. cell wall. D. inclusions. E. cell membrane.
E. cell membrane.
All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except A. motility. B. ectoplasm and endoplasm. C. heterotrophic nutrition. D. formation of a cyst stage. E. cell wall.
E. cell wall.
When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible, thread-like mass called the A. nuclear envelope. B. nucleosome. C. nucleolus. D. nucleoplasm. E. chromatin.
E. chromatin.
Eukaryotic flagella differ from prokaryotic flagella because only eukaryotic flagella A. are used for cell motility. B. facilitate chemotaxis. C. facilitate phototaxis. D. are long, whip-like structures. E. contain microtubules.
E. contain microtubules.
The cell's series of tunnel-like membranes functioning in transport and storage are the A. mitochondria. B. lysosomes. C. Golgi apparatus. D. chloroplasts. E. endoplasmic reticulum.
E. endoplasmic reticulum.
Chemical analysis of a bacterial cell structure detects calcium dipicolinic acid. What is the identity of this structure? A. cell wall B. capsule C. slime layer D. nucleoid E. endospore
E. endospore
Which of the following does not pertain to endotoxins? A. are specific bacterial cell wall lipids B. can stimulate fever in the human body C. can cause septic shock in the human body D. involved in typhoid fever and some meningitis cases E. found in acid fast bacterial cell walls
E. found in acid fast bacterial cell walls
Which is not true about enzymes? A. found in all cells B. are catalysts C. participate in the cell's chemical reactions D. can be denaturated by heat and other agents E. have high-energy bonds between phosphates
E. have high-energy bonds between phosphates
Which of the following is a unique characteristic of viruses that distinguishes them from the other major groups of microorganisms? A. cause human disease B. lack a nucleus C. cannot be seen without a microscope D. contain genetic material E. lack cell structure
E. lack cell structure
Which of the following is not true of the cytoskeleton? A. structural framework for the cell B. anchor points for organelles C. made up of microfilaments D. made up of microtubules E. made up of cilia
E. made up of cilia
The woven, intertwining mass of hyphae that makes up the body of a mold is a/an A. septum. B. rhizoid. C. spore. D. bud. E. mycelium.
E. mycelium.
Cells form a _____ arrangement when cells in a chain snap back upon each other forming a row of cells oriented side by side. A. tetrad B. strep C. staph D. sarcina E. palisade
E. palisade
The term that refers to the presence of flagella all over the cell surface is A. amphitrichous. B. atrichous. C. lophotrichous. D. monotrichous. E. peritrichous.
E. peritrichous.
All of the following are polysaccharides except A. glycogen in liver and muscle. B. agar used to make solid culture media. C. a cell's glycocalyx. D. cellulose in certain cell walls. E. prostaglandins in inflammation.
E. prostaglandins in inflammation.
Parasitic worms have a highly developed ______ system. A. digestive B. nervous C. respiratory D. muscular E. reproductive
E. reproductive
The number one worldwide infectious diseases are A. AIDS related diseases. B. diarrheal diseases. C. malaria diseases. D. measles. E. respiratory diseases.
E. respiratory diseases.
The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called A. flagella. B. cilia. C. fimbriae. D. periplasmic flagella (axial filaments). E. sex pili.
E. sex pili.
Which of the following is mismatched? A. methanogens - convert CO2 and H2 gases into methane B. extreme halophiles - adapted to salty habitats C. psychrophiles - adapted to very low temperatures D. hyperthermophiles - adapted to high temperatures E. thermoplasmas - adapted to frozen environments
E. thermoplasmas - adapted to frozen environments
The lipid group that serves as energy storage molecules is A. prostaglandins. B. waxes. C. phospholipids. D. steroids. E. triglycerides.
E. triglycerides.
The important solvent associated with living things is A. carbon dioxide. B. sodium chloride. C. ethyl alcohol. D. benzene. E. water.
E. water.
A fully formed virus that can cause an infection in a host cell is called a virion. True or False
True
Prophages can be activated into viral replication and enter the lytic cycle. True or False
True
Spikes are glycoproteins of the virus capsid. True or False
True
Viral spikes are inserted into the host cell membrane before budding or exocytosis. True or False
True
Viruses are simple, non-cellular and lack mRNA. True or False
True
Viruses are the most common cause of acute infections that do not result in hospitalization. True or False
True
Viruses are unable to multiple outside of a host cell. True or False
True
Viruses are used to produce vaccines for prevention of certain viral infections. True or False
True
Viruses mutate and some have not been discovered. True or False
True
When a virus enters a host cell, the viral genes redirect the genetic and metabolic activities of the host cell. True or False
True
The nuclear envelope is a single layer.
false
The slime layer provides bacteria greater pathogenicity as compared to the capsule.
false
The term diplococcus refers to an irregular cluster of spherical bacterial cells.
false
Water molecules are nonpolar molecules.
false
A scientist studying helminths is working with bacteria.
false
Algae are classified into divisions based principally on their type of motility.
false
All fungi cause some kind of disease in plants and animals.
false
All fungi have hyphae.
false
All microorganisms are parasites.
false
All proteins are enzymes.
false
Boiling water (100°C) can normally destroy endospores.
false
Both gram-positive and gram-negative cells have outer membranes.
false
Flagella move in a whip-like motion.
false
Gram-negative bacteria do not have peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
false
If during the Gram stain procedure, the bacterial cells were viewed immediately after crystal violet was applied, gram-positive cells would be purple but gram-negative cells would be colorless.
false
In humans, fungi can only infect the skin.
false
Iodine is the decolorizer in the Gram stain.
false
Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.
false
Once an organism is assigned to a particular taxonomic hierarchy, it is permanent and cannot be revised.
false
Prokaryotes include bacteria and viruses.
false
The cell wall of fungi and algae are chemically identical to the prokaryotic cell wall.
false
The eukaryotic cell membrane is a bilayer of sterols.
false
The names of the three proposed Domains are: Bacteria, Protista, Eukarya.
false
Alcohol-based compounds can weaken the outer membrane.
true
All algae have chloroplasts.
true