Microbiology Chapter 1

Which of the following is not able to replicate on its own? Helminths Archaea Viruses Protozoa

Viruses

The study of fungi

mycology

What is a helminth?

A parasitic worm

Who developed the first single-lens microscope? Louis Pasteur John Snow Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Robert Koch Ignaz Semmelweis

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Who was the first to use a single-lens microscope and observe "animalcules" in collected rainwater and in the plaque scraped from teeth? Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Joseph Lister Ignaz Semmelweis Louis Pasteur Robert Koch

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Charles Darwin labeled the process of evolution as natural _______

selection

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there are about how many infections of all types across the world every year?

10 billion

Prokaryotic organisms have been around for about how long?

3.5 billion years

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed single-lens microscopes that could magnify a specimen up to how many times?

300

When people travel disease can spread. Which is the current mode of travel that is likely to be a big factor in the next pandemic? Buses Ship Subways Train Airplane

Airplane

Which photosynthetic single-celled or multicellular microorganisms are often found in aquatic environments? Algae Bacteria Plants

Algae

The study simple photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms, the algae

Algology or phycology

Which of the following are prokaryotic microorganisms? Bacteria Archaea Algae Yeasts Viruses

Archaea and bacteria

Which of the following could be considered nomenclature? Grouping species of bacteria into the genus Salmonella based on relationships between them. Assigning a name to a new isolate of Salmonella based on its geography, Salmonella arizona. Determining that species of Salmonella are capable of production the compound hydrogen sulfide.

Assigning a name to a new isolate of Salmonella based on its geography, Salmonella arizona.

Robert Koch demonstrated in 1875 that __________ is the causative agent of anthrax.

Bacillus anthracis

Which microbes do not have a true nucleus? Yeast Protozoa Bacteria Algae

Bacteria

Which of the following microorganisms represent prokaryotic cell types? Protists Algae Viruses Bacteria

Bacteria

_________ and ________ are microbes that live in complex associations with plants to assist them in obtaining water and nutrients.

Bacteria and fungi

In the _________ system of nomenclature, organisms are assigned and identified by a two-word name representing the genus and species names.

Binomial

A _________ is a complex network of microbes and their secretions that form in most natural environments.

Biofilm

Certain microbes can break down heavy metals and pesticides contaminating soils by a process called ________

Bioremediation

Thinking of the two major cell types in the world: _______ cells contain organelles, such as the Golgi apparatus and mitochondria. However, these organelles are not found in _______ cells.

Blank 1: prokaryotes or eukaryotic Blank 2: prokaryotic

Which of the following microbes is named after a Belgian microbiologist who discovered it? Bordetella pertussis Shewanella oneidensis Histoplasma capsulatum Trichinella spiralis

Bordetella pertussis

Humans belong the the Phylum ______ and Class ________

Chordata, Mammalia

Which of the following is the orderly arrangement of organisms into groups that indicate evolutionary relationships and history? Classification Identification Nomenclature

Classification

_________ is the breakdown of dead matter and wastes into simple compounds that can be directed back into the natural cycle of living things.

Decomposition

Escherichia coli may be abbreviated to ________

E. Coli

___________ diseases are those which are newly identified and becoming more prominent.

Emerging

Microbes are involved in the flow of which of the following? Sunlight Energy Toxins Water

Energy

Which of the following bacteria is spread by water and food contaminated with cattle feces? Proteus vulgaris Escherichia coli 0157:57 Staphylococcus aureus Zika virus

Escherichia coli 0157:57

Which cell type is generally larger in size? Prokaryotic cells Archaeal cells Eukaryotic cells

Eukaryotic cells

True or false: According to evolutionary theory, the environment changes the genes of an individual organism to help it adapt.

False

Chlamydia infections has been linked to which of the following conditions? Liver cancer Lung cancer Kidney cancer Female infertility

Female infertility

Which scientist discovered heat-resistant endospores? Ferdinand Cohn Robert Koch Joseph Lister Ignaz Semmelweis Louis Pasteur

Ferdinand Cohn

Which type of organism can derive all of the nutrients and factors it requires from the environment in order to reproduce? Parasite Virus Free-living organism Prokaryotic organism

Free-living organism

________ are heterotrophic unicellular or multicellular eukaryotic organisms including yeasts, molds, and mushrooms.

Fungi

Microbiology involves the study of microscopic organisms or agents, including which of the following? Protozoa Bacteria Fungi Fleas Helminths Viruses Archaea

Fungi Protozoa Archaea Bacteria Helminths Viruses

Which two of the following groups of organisms arguably play the greatest role in biological decomposition? Fungi Mammals Bacteria Fish Plants

Fungi and bacteria

Which of the following microorganisms are made up of eukaryotic cells? Viruses Fungi Helminths Archaea Bacteria Protozoans

Fungi, helminths, and protozoans

"Greenhouse ________" such as carbon dioxide and __________ are produced by microbes.

Gases, methane

What technology involves the deliberate modification of the genetic structure of an organism to create novel products? Genetic engineering DNA fingerprinting Organic agriculture PCR

Genetic engineering

________ and ________ are the last two, the most specific, levels of classification.

Genus and species

Which of the following genera of microbes has been associated with gastric ulcers? Klebsiella Staphylococcus Helicobacter Escherichia

Helicobater

Which group of microorganisms includes the parasitic worms? Viruses Helminths Algae Protozoa

Helminths

Humans and apes belong to the Family _______

Hominoidea

Before ___________ may be tested using the deductive approach of the scientific method, events that will happen must be predicted by the scientist.

Hypothesis

In the deductive process, the statement "If the ______ is valid, then certain specific ______ can be expected to occur."

Hypothesis/events

Dr. _________ promoted hand washing before Lister introduced disinfection during surgery.

Ignaz Semmelweis

It is observed that several family members have a blood condition called hemophilia. This may lead to the general idea that this condition is inheritable. This is an example of which of the following? Good guessing Intuition Inductive reasoning Deductive reasoning

Inductive reasoning

__________ diseases, caused by microorganisms, are among the most common causes of death in much of the world's population.

Infectious

Which describes a good hypothesis? It must be true in all related situations. It must be developed from a scientific theory. It must be tested once to determine its complete validity. It must be able to be supported or rejected by experimentation.

It must be able to be supported or rejected by experimentation.

The formal system of organizing, classifying, and naming living things was started by which of the following scientists? Hooke Linnaeus Koch Pasteur

Linnaeus

Who first promoted the use of disinfecting agents in surgical operating rooms?

Lister

Specialized area of biology that deals with living things ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification

Microbiology

The germ theory of disease stated which of the following? Microorganisms could cause infection and disease. Life only comes from existing life. Handwashing is the best means to prevent disease. All human diseases are caused by infectious agents.

Microorganisms could cause infection and disease.

Small, membrane-bound components found inside of a eukaryotic cell, such as mitochondria and lysosomes, are referred to as which of the following?

Organelles

A microbial pathogen is considered a(n) __________ because it derives benefits from its host and harms its host in the process.

Parasite

Microbiology has many branches of study, including ______ which is the study of pathogenic protozoa, helminth worms, and certain

Parasitology

A(n) ________ is the term used for any infectious agent that causes disease, such as parasites, bacteria, and viruses.

Pathogen

Joseph Lister typically used the disinfectant,_________, prior to performing surgery.

Phenol

Describing the process of cell division in bacteria would be part of which of the following? Taxonomy Physiology Biotechnology Morphology

Physiology

Which of the following human diseases has almost been eradicated? Malaria Cholera Polio Smallpox

Polio

Mad cow disease and Creutzfeld-Jakob disease are caused by which of the following? Prions Viruses Bacteria Protozoa

Prions

Proteinaceous infectious particles are called ______

Prions

Which type of microorganism lacks a membrane-bound nucleus and most membrane-bound organelles?

Prokaryotic

_______ are the group of single-celled eukaryotic organisms that lack a cell wall.

Protozoa

The major types of microorganisms or agents include which of the following? Algae Animals Protozoa Fungi Viruses Bacteria Plants

Protozoa Viruses Fungi Bacteria Algae

_____ is the study of protozoa.

Protozoology

Which of the following could be considered identification? Assigning a name to a new species of Salmonella based on its geography, Salmonella arizona. Grouping species of bacteria into the genus Salmonella based on relationships between them. Recognizing Salmonella species based on their ability to produce hydrogen sulfide.

Recognizing Salmonella species based on their ability to produce hydrogen sulfide.

_________ DNA technology is used to switch genetic material from one organism to another in order to produce desirable proteins.

Recombinant

A disease that has been known for hundreds of years and that is increasing in occurrence is known as which type of disease?

Reemerging

Which scientist established a connection between infections in the maternity ward and physicians with unwashed hands coming directly from autopsies? Koch van Leeuwenhoek Lister Semmelweis

Semmelweis

Which of the following microbes gets its name for the discoverer and a lake? Histoplasma capsulatum Shewanella oneidensis Bordetella pertussis Trichinella spiralis

Shewanella oneidensis

Which of the following human diseases have been eradicated? Malaria Smallpox Rubella Measles Polio

Smallpox

MRSA is a drug-resistant strain of which of the following bacteria? Staphylococcus epidermidis Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus schleiferi Streptococcus pyogenes

Staphylococcus aureus

Which is correct regarding the writing of an organism's name? staphylococcus Aureus Staphylococcus Aureus Staphylococcus aureus staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus

Some strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are resistant to so many antibiotics that is has become known as a(n) "_______"

Superbug

The science of organizing, classifying and naming living things

Taxonomy

Which event helped establish the science of microbiology? The organization of life into taxonomic hierarchies The discovery of DNA The development of the microscope

The development of the microscope

Which of the following is an explanation of the natural world that has been repeatedly tested and verified using the scientific method? Theory Law Hypothesis Experiment

Theory

Which is true regarding evolutionary theory? The environment contributes to a change in the DNA and specific traits of an individual. Those traits that favor survival are passed on.

Those traits that favor survival are passed on.

True or false: If two microbes are in the same genus, they must be in the same class.

True

True or false: Microbes can be found in the Antarctic.

True

Which term is not used to describe microscopic organisms?

Vertebrate

The study of viruses

Virology

Which of the following are major branches of study in microbiology? Virology Bacteriology Mycology Zoology

Virology Bacteriology Mycology

What microbe is not cellular (acellular) and is composed of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat?

Virus

The common cold and AIDS are caused by which type of microorganism?

Viruses

Which microbes have a true nucleus? Yeast Prion Archaea Protists Virus

Yeast and protists

The study of small, single-celled prokaryotic organisms is called

bacteriology

Eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells through the process of

endosymbiosis

The theory of ________ states that living things change gradually over time through natural selection.

evolution

A(n) _________ is a tentative explanation of an observation.

hypothesis

With ______ reasoning, one applies specific observations to develop a general explanation.

inductive

The germ theory of disease has been so thoroughly tested that it has become a __________ or principle.

law

The unit of measurement for most bacterial cells is ______ and most viruses is ______

micrometers; nanometers

A(n) ______ is any small, membrane-bound component found inside of an eukaryotic cell.

organelle

A _________ environment is free of actively growing cells, microorganisms, viruses or endospores.

sterile

A scientific _________ is a collection of statements, propositions, or concepts developed through experimentation that explain or account for a natural event.

theory

Microorganisms are ________ meaning they are found in all natural habitats as well as in most artificial habitats created by humans.

ubiquitous