Microbiology Chapter 1
Which of the following is not able to replicate on its own? Helminths Archaea Viruses Protozoa
Viruses
The study of fungi
mycology
What is a helminth?
A parasitic worm
Who developed the first single-lens microscope? Louis Pasteur John Snow Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Robert Koch Ignaz Semmelweis
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Who was the first to use a single-lens microscope and observe "animalcules" in collected rainwater and in the plaque scraped from teeth? Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Joseph Lister Ignaz Semmelweis Louis Pasteur Robert Koch
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Charles Darwin labeled the process of evolution as natural _______
selection
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there are about how many infections of all types across the world every year?
10 billion
Prokaryotic organisms have been around for about how long?
3.5 billion years
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed single-lens microscopes that could magnify a specimen up to how many times?
300
When people travel disease can spread. Which is the current mode of travel that is likely to be a big factor in the next pandemic? Buses Ship Subways Train Airplane
Airplane
Which photosynthetic single-celled or multicellular microorganisms are often found in aquatic environments? Algae Bacteria Plants
Algae
The study simple photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms, the algae
Algology or phycology
Which of the following are prokaryotic microorganisms? Bacteria Archaea Algae Yeasts Viruses
Archaea and bacteria
Which of the following could be considered nomenclature? Grouping species of bacteria into the genus Salmonella based on relationships between them. Assigning a name to a new isolate of Salmonella based on its geography, Salmonella arizona. Determining that species of Salmonella are capable of production the compound hydrogen sulfide.
Assigning a name to a new isolate of Salmonella based on its geography, Salmonella arizona.
Robert Koch demonstrated in 1875 that __________ is the causative agent of anthrax.
Bacillus anthracis
Which microbes do not have a true nucleus? Yeast Protozoa Bacteria Algae
Bacteria
Which of the following microorganisms represent prokaryotic cell types? Protists Algae Viruses Bacteria
Bacteria
_________ and ________ are microbes that live in complex associations with plants to assist them in obtaining water and nutrients.
Bacteria and fungi
In the _________ system of nomenclature, organisms are assigned and identified by a two-word name representing the genus and species names.
Binomial
A _________ is a complex network of microbes and their secretions that form in most natural environments.
Biofilm
Certain microbes can break down heavy metals and pesticides contaminating soils by a process called ________
Bioremediation
Thinking of the two major cell types in the world: _______ cells contain organelles, such as the Golgi apparatus and mitochondria. However, these organelles are not found in _______ cells.
Blank 1: prokaryotes or eukaryotic Blank 2: prokaryotic
Which of the following microbes is named after a Belgian microbiologist who discovered it? Bordetella pertussis Shewanella oneidensis Histoplasma capsulatum Trichinella spiralis
Bordetella pertussis
Humans belong the the Phylum ______ and Class ________
Chordata, Mammalia
Which of the following is the orderly arrangement of organisms into groups that indicate evolutionary relationships and history? Classification Identification Nomenclature
Classification
_________ is the breakdown of dead matter and wastes into simple compounds that can be directed back into the natural cycle of living things.
Decomposition
Escherichia coli may be abbreviated to ________
E. Coli
___________ diseases are those which are newly identified and becoming more prominent.
Emerging
Microbes are involved in the flow of which of the following? Sunlight Energy Toxins Water
Energy
Which of the following bacteria is spread by water and food contaminated with cattle feces? Proteus vulgaris Escherichia coli 0157:57 Staphylococcus aureus Zika virus
Escherichia coli 0157:57
Which cell type is generally larger in size? Prokaryotic cells Archaeal cells Eukaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells
True or false: According to evolutionary theory, the environment changes the genes of an individual organism to help it adapt.
False
Chlamydia infections has been linked to which of the following conditions? Liver cancer Lung cancer Kidney cancer Female infertility
Female infertility
Which scientist discovered heat-resistant endospores? Ferdinand Cohn Robert Koch Joseph Lister Ignaz Semmelweis Louis Pasteur
Ferdinand Cohn
Which type of organism can derive all of the nutrients and factors it requires from the environment in order to reproduce? Parasite Virus Free-living organism Prokaryotic organism
Free-living organism
________ are heterotrophic unicellular or multicellular eukaryotic organisms including yeasts, molds, and mushrooms.
Fungi
Microbiology involves the study of microscopic organisms or agents, including which of the following? Protozoa Bacteria Fungi Fleas Helminths Viruses Archaea
Fungi Protozoa Archaea Bacteria Helminths Viruses
Which two of the following groups of organisms arguably play the greatest role in biological decomposition? Fungi Mammals Bacteria Fish Plants
Fungi and bacteria
Which of the following microorganisms are made up of eukaryotic cells? Viruses Fungi Helminths Archaea Bacteria Protozoans
Fungi, helminths, and protozoans
"Greenhouse ________" such as carbon dioxide and __________ are produced by microbes.
Gases, methane
What technology involves the deliberate modification of the genetic structure of an organism to create novel products? Genetic engineering DNA fingerprinting Organic agriculture PCR
Genetic engineering
________ and ________ are the last two, the most specific, levels of classification.
Genus and species
Which of the following genera of microbes has been associated with gastric ulcers? Klebsiella Staphylococcus Helicobacter Escherichia
Helicobater
Which group of microorganisms includes the parasitic worms? Viruses Helminths Algae Protozoa
Helminths
Humans and apes belong to the Family _______
Hominoidea
Before ___________ may be tested using the deductive approach of the scientific method, events that will happen must be predicted by the scientist.
Hypothesis
In the deductive process, the statement "If the ______ is valid, then certain specific ______ can be expected to occur."
Hypothesis/events
Dr. _________ promoted hand washing before Lister introduced disinfection during surgery.
Ignaz Semmelweis
It is observed that several family members have a blood condition called hemophilia. This may lead to the general idea that this condition is inheritable. This is an example of which of the following? Good guessing Intuition Inductive reasoning Deductive reasoning
Inductive reasoning
__________ diseases, caused by microorganisms, are among the most common causes of death in much of the world's population.
Infectious
Which describes a good hypothesis? It must be true in all related situations. It must be developed from a scientific theory. It must be tested once to determine its complete validity. It must be able to be supported or rejected by experimentation.
It must be able to be supported or rejected by experimentation.
The formal system of organizing, classifying, and naming living things was started by which of the following scientists? Hooke Linnaeus Koch Pasteur
Linnaeus
Who first promoted the use of disinfecting agents in surgical operating rooms?
Lister
Specialized area of biology that deals with living things ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification
Microbiology
The germ theory of disease stated which of the following? Microorganisms could cause infection and disease. Life only comes from existing life. Handwashing is the best means to prevent disease. All human diseases are caused by infectious agents.
Microorganisms could cause infection and disease.
Small, membrane-bound components found inside of a eukaryotic cell, such as mitochondria and lysosomes, are referred to as which of the following?
Organelles
A microbial pathogen is considered a(n) __________ because it derives benefits from its host and harms its host in the process.
Parasite
Microbiology has many branches of study, including ______ which is the study of pathogenic protozoa, helminth worms, and certain
Parasitology
A(n) ________ is the term used for any infectious agent that causes disease, such as parasites, bacteria, and viruses.
Pathogen
Joseph Lister typically used the disinfectant,_________, prior to performing surgery.
Phenol
Describing the process of cell division in bacteria would be part of which of the following? Taxonomy Physiology Biotechnology Morphology
Physiology
Which of the following human diseases has almost been eradicated? Malaria Cholera Polio Smallpox
Polio
Mad cow disease and Creutzfeld-Jakob disease are caused by which of the following? Prions Viruses Bacteria Protozoa
Prions
Proteinaceous infectious particles are called ______
Prions
Which type of microorganism lacks a membrane-bound nucleus and most membrane-bound organelles?
Prokaryotic
_______ are the group of single-celled eukaryotic organisms that lack a cell wall.
Protozoa
The major types of microorganisms or agents include which of the following? Algae Animals Protozoa Fungi Viruses Bacteria Plants
Protozoa Viruses Fungi Bacteria Algae
_____ is the study of protozoa.
Protozoology
Which of the following could be considered identification? Assigning a name to a new species of Salmonella based on its geography, Salmonella arizona. Grouping species of bacteria into the genus Salmonella based on relationships between them. Recognizing Salmonella species based on their ability to produce hydrogen sulfide.
Recognizing Salmonella species based on their ability to produce hydrogen sulfide.
_________ DNA technology is used to switch genetic material from one organism to another in order to produce desirable proteins.
Recombinant
A disease that has been known for hundreds of years and that is increasing in occurrence is known as which type of disease?
Reemerging
Which scientist established a connection between infections in the maternity ward and physicians with unwashed hands coming directly from autopsies? Koch van Leeuwenhoek Lister Semmelweis
Semmelweis
Which of the following microbes gets its name for the discoverer and a lake? Histoplasma capsulatum Shewanella oneidensis Bordetella pertussis Trichinella spiralis
Shewanella oneidensis
Which of the following human diseases have been eradicated? Malaria Smallpox Rubella Measles Polio
Smallpox
MRSA is a drug-resistant strain of which of the following bacteria? Staphylococcus epidermidis Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus schleiferi Streptococcus pyogenes
Staphylococcus aureus
Which is correct regarding the writing of an organism's name? staphylococcus Aureus Staphylococcus Aureus Staphylococcus aureus staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus aureus
Some strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are resistant to so many antibiotics that is has become known as a(n) "_______"
Superbug
The science of organizing, classifying and naming living things
Taxonomy
Which event helped establish the science of microbiology? The organization of life into taxonomic hierarchies The discovery of DNA The development of the microscope
The development of the microscope
Which of the following is an explanation of the natural world that has been repeatedly tested and verified using the scientific method? Theory Law Hypothesis Experiment
Theory
Which is true regarding evolutionary theory? The environment contributes to a change in the DNA and specific traits of an individual. Those traits that favor survival are passed on.
Those traits that favor survival are passed on.
True or false: If two microbes are in the same genus, they must be in the same class.
True
True or false: Microbes can be found in the Antarctic.
True
Which term is not used to describe microscopic organisms?
Vertebrate
The study of viruses
Virology
Which of the following are major branches of study in microbiology? Virology Bacteriology Mycology Zoology
Virology Bacteriology Mycology
What microbe is not cellular (acellular) and is composed of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat?
Virus
The common cold and AIDS are caused by which type of microorganism?
Viruses
Which microbes have a true nucleus? Yeast Prion Archaea Protists Virus
Yeast and protists
The study of small, single-celled prokaryotic organisms is called
bacteriology
Eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells through the process of
endosymbiosis
The theory of ________ states that living things change gradually over time through natural selection.
evolution
A(n) _________ is a tentative explanation of an observation.
hypothesis
With ______ reasoning, one applies specific observations to develop a general explanation.
inductive
The germ theory of disease has been so thoroughly tested that it has become a __________ or principle.
law
The unit of measurement for most bacterial cells is ______ and most viruses is ______
micrometers; nanometers
A(n) ______ is any small, membrane-bound component found inside of an eukaryotic cell.
organelle
A _________ environment is free of actively growing cells, microorganisms, viruses or endospores.
sterile
A scientific _________ is a collection of statements, propositions, or concepts developed through experimentation that explain or account for a natural event.
theory
Microorganisms are ________ meaning they are found in all natural habitats as well as in most artificial habitats created by humans.
ubiquitous
