Microbiology Exam 1

RNA

AUCG

Which of the following is not a pyrimidine?

Adenine

Biochemicals: Proteins

Amino acids and enzymes

Select characteristics exhibited by all cells.

Cytoplasmic membrane DNA ribosomes

Promoter

DNA

Biochemicals: Nucleic Acids

DNA, RNA, and nucleotides

Choose the statement that best describes the indirect ELISA technique.

Detects the presence of antibody in a sample using a known antigen absorbed onto the well

Select all of the features that you would include if you drew a short segment of DNA.

Double stranded helical shape chains of nucleotides the backbone of the chains are created by bonds between sugars and phosphates of nucleotides nucleotides are base-paired with T bonded to A and C bonded to G through hydrogen bonds

Horseradish peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase are enzymes used in _____ tests.

ELISA

T/F Serological tests should have low sensitivity and specificity.

False

What part of a phospholipid forms hydrophobic tails?

Fatty Acids

The _____ is all of the genetic material of a cell.

Genome

The purine___ always binds with the pyrimidine__ in DNA and RNA.

Guaine, cytosine

Nucleic Acids

Inheritance and expression of genetic traits

Lipids

Major component of cell membranes

Carbohydrates

Major structural component of cell walls

Biochemicals: Carbohydrates

Monosaccharides, Disacharides, polysaccharides, glucose, starch

One nucleotide contains

One phosphate, one sugar and one nitrogen base

When minute samples of DNA need to be genetically analyzed for identification purposes, which test can be effectively used?

PCR

Gram Negative

Pink Has membranes

Gram Positive

Purple No membranes

For DNA replication, a primer of ____ is needed at the origin of nucleotide addition.

RNA

Choose the statement that best describes the PCR's usefulness in infectious disease diagnosis.

Results in amplification of sample DNA

Which of the following is involved in the in vitro diagnostic testing of serum?

Serology

Proteins

Speed up and facilitate chemical reactions within cells

All of the following are lipids except

Starch

T/F When DNA is heated, the two strands will separate.

TRUE

The RNA molecules that carry amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis are called

Transfer RNA

Biochemicals: Lipids

Triglycerides, phospholipids, waxes, steroids, mycolic acid

T/F Microbiologists use phenotypic techniques, which consist of both microscopic and macroscopic observations, to help identify bacteria.

True

T/F Serological testing always involves reactions between specific antibody and antigen.

True

T/F Serological testing is based on the presence of antibodies that bind specifically to antigen, allowing the presence of such antigens to be detected and quantified.

True

T/F Transcription occurs in the nucleus or at the nucleoid.

True

T/F When antibodies or other substances in serum cross-react with the test reagents, a false positive result can occur.

True

Western blotting is the second (verification) test for preliminary positive HIV screening tests because it can detect the presence of microbial-specific antigens or antibodies in a highly specific and sensitive manner.

True

Which test is the confirming test for people who initially tested antibody-positive in the screening ELISA test for HIV?

Western blot

A positive indirect ELISA result requires

a known antigen, an unknown antibody, and a known antibody

What type of test will detect whole antigens?

aggulination

Titer is the amount of

antibody in serum.

The site(s) for most ATP synthesis in bacterial cells is(are) the

cell membrane

Which pertains to DNA but not to RNA?

contains thymine

A serum titer involves

determining the highest dilution of serum that produces a visible reaction.

Each _____ is a specific segment of the DNA with the code for production of one functional product.

gene

All of the following pertain to nitrogenous bases except

guanine pairs with uracil.

RNA molecules differ from DNA molecules because only RNA

has ribose. has uracil. is typically one strand of nucleotides. does not have thymine. ALL ARE CORRECT

Which is not true about enzymes?

have high-energy bonds between phosphates

Base pairs in DNA are held together by _____ bonds.

hydrogen

Start codon:

mRNA

The three types of RNA directly involved in translation include

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

During protein synthesis, ____ RNA is made as a copy of a gene from DNA.

messenger

Purines and pyrimidines are components in the building block units of all

nucleic acids

The DNA of microorganisms is made up of subunits called

nucleotides

All of the following pertain to transcription except

occurs on a ribosome in the cytoplasm.

Each nucleotide is composed of

one phosphate, one nitrogenous base, and one sugar.

Which is incorrect about purines?

only found in DNA, not in RNA

What type of bonds are formed between adjacent amino acids?

peptide

The lipid group that is the major component of cell membranes is the

phospholipids.

The nontranscribed region of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription is called the

promoter

A & P Sites

rRNA

The duplication of a cell's DNA is called

replication

The property of a test to detect even small amounts of antibodies or antigens that are test targets is

sensitivity

The _______of a test means the test can detect even very small concentrations of the antigen or antibody being analyzed, whereas the ________ of a test focuses on the ability of a test to only detect the desired antigen or antibody without reacting with other unrelated substances.

sensitivity; specificity

__________ is the branch of immunology that traditionally deals with in vitro diagnostic testing of serum, although the field has expanded to include other types of samples such as urine, saliva, and cerebrospinal fluid.

serology

The property of a test to detect only a certain antibody or antigen, and not to react with any others is

specificity

DNA polymerase III

synthesizes new DNA only in the 5' to 3' direction.

During replication, each parent DNA strand serves as a _____ for synthesis of new DNA strands.

template

Serological testing relies upon

the specificity of the variable regions of antibodies.

The jumping of a gene from one location to another is done by

transposons.

The lipid group that serves as energy storage molecules is

triglyercides

what does Helicase do?

unzips DNA