Microbiology Exam 1
RNA
AUCG
Which of the following is not a pyrimidine?
Adenine
Biochemicals: Proteins
Amino acids and enzymes
Select characteristics exhibited by all cells.
Cytoplasmic membrane DNA ribosomes
Promoter
DNA
Biochemicals: Nucleic Acids
DNA, RNA, and nucleotides
Choose the statement that best describes the indirect ELISA technique.
Detects the presence of antibody in a sample using a known antigen absorbed onto the well
Select all of the features that you would include if you drew a short segment of DNA.
Double stranded helical shape chains of nucleotides the backbone of the chains are created by bonds between sugars and phosphates of nucleotides nucleotides are base-paired with T bonded to A and C bonded to G through hydrogen bonds
Horseradish peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase are enzymes used in _____ tests.
ELISA
T/F Serological tests should have low sensitivity and specificity.
False
What part of a phospholipid forms hydrophobic tails?
Fatty Acids
The _____ is all of the genetic material of a cell.
Genome
The purine___ always binds with the pyrimidine__ in DNA and RNA.
Guaine, cytosine
Nucleic Acids
Inheritance and expression of genetic traits
Lipids
Major component of cell membranes
Carbohydrates
Major structural component of cell walls
Biochemicals: Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides, Disacharides, polysaccharides, glucose, starch
One nucleotide contains
One phosphate, one sugar and one nitrogen base
When minute samples of DNA need to be genetically analyzed for identification purposes, which test can be effectively used?
PCR
Gram Negative
Pink Has membranes
Gram Positive
Purple No membranes
For DNA replication, a primer of ____ is needed at the origin of nucleotide addition.
RNA
Choose the statement that best describes the PCR's usefulness in infectious disease diagnosis.
Results in amplification of sample DNA
Which of the following is involved in the in vitro diagnostic testing of serum?
Serology
Proteins
Speed up and facilitate chemical reactions within cells
All of the following are lipids except
Starch
T/F When DNA is heated, the two strands will separate.
TRUE
The RNA molecules that carry amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis are called
Transfer RNA
Biochemicals: Lipids
Triglycerides, phospholipids, waxes, steroids, mycolic acid
T/F Microbiologists use phenotypic techniques, which consist of both microscopic and macroscopic observations, to help identify bacteria.
True
T/F Serological testing always involves reactions between specific antibody and antigen.
True
T/F Serological testing is based on the presence of antibodies that bind specifically to antigen, allowing the presence of such antigens to be detected and quantified.
True
T/F Transcription occurs in the nucleus or at the nucleoid.
True
T/F When antibodies or other substances in serum cross-react with the test reagents, a false positive result can occur.
True
Western blotting is the second (verification) test for preliminary positive HIV screening tests because it can detect the presence of microbial-specific antigens or antibodies in a highly specific and sensitive manner.
True
Which test is the confirming test for people who initially tested antibody-positive in the screening ELISA test for HIV?
Western blot
A positive indirect ELISA result requires
a known antigen, an unknown antibody, and a known antibody
What type of test will detect whole antigens?
aggulination
Titer is the amount of
antibody in serum.
The site(s) for most ATP synthesis in bacterial cells is(are) the
cell membrane
Which pertains to DNA but not to RNA?
contains thymine
A serum titer involves
determining the highest dilution of serum that produces a visible reaction.
Each _____ is a specific segment of the DNA with the code for production of one functional product.
gene
All of the following pertain to nitrogenous bases except
guanine pairs with uracil.
RNA molecules differ from DNA molecules because only RNA
has ribose. has uracil. is typically one strand of nucleotides. does not have thymine. ALL ARE CORRECT
Which is not true about enzymes?
have high-energy bonds between phosphates
Base pairs in DNA are held together by _____ bonds.
hydrogen
Start codon:
mRNA
The three types of RNA directly involved in translation include
mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
During protein synthesis, ____ RNA is made as a copy of a gene from DNA.
messenger
Purines and pyrimidines are components in the building block units of all
nucleic acids
The DNA of microorganisms is made up of subunits called
nucleotides
All of the following pertain to transcription except
occurs on a ribosome in the cytoplasm.
Each nucleotide is composed of
one phosphate, one nitrogenous base, and one sugar.
Which is incorrect about purines?
only found in DNA, not in RNA
What type of bonds are formed between adjacent amino acids?
peptide
The lipid group that is the major component of cell membranes is the
phospholipids.
The nontranscribed region of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription is called the
promoter
A & P Sites
rRNA
The duplication of a cell's DNA is called
replication
The property of a test to detect even small amounts of antibodies or antigens that are test targets is
sensitivity
The _______of a test means the test can detect even very small concentrations of the antigen or antibody being analyzed, whereas the ________ of a test focuses on the ability of a test to only detect the desired antigen or antibody without reacting with other unrelated substances.
sensitivity; specificity
__________ is the branch of immunology that traditionally deals with in vitro diagnostic testing of serum, although the field has expanded to include other types of samples such as urine, saliva, and cerebrospinal fluid.
serology
The property of a test to detect only a certain antibody or antigen, and not to react with any others is
specificity
DNA polymerase III
synthesizes new DNA only in the 5' to 3' direction.
During replication, each parent DNA strand serves as a _____ for synthesis of new DNA strands.
template
Serological testing relies upon
the specificity of the variable regions of antibodies.
The jumping of a gene from one location to another is done by
transposons.
The lipid group that serves as energy storage molecules is
triglyercides
what does Helicase do?
unzips DNA