Microbiology staphylococcus
Staphylococcus aureus diseases
1) toxic shock syndrome 2) abscesses of many organs 3) endocarditis 4) gastroenteritis (food poisoning) 5) hospital acquired pneumoniae 6) surgical wound infection 7) sepsis
Staphylococcus aureus methicillin resistance is due to
Altered in penicillin binding protein
Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus intermediate resistance to vancomycin
Daptomycin Quinupristin-dalfopristin
Disease of staphylococcus epidermidis
Endocarditis on prosthetic heart valve Prosthetic hip infection Intravascular catheter infection Cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection Neonatal sepsis
Transmission of staphylococcus epidermidis
From person to person via hands
Pathogenesis of streptococcus epidermidis
Glycocalyx producing strains adhere well to foreign bodies such as prothetic implants and catheter
Characteristic of staphylococcus aureus
Gram positive cocci in cluster Coagulate positive Catalase positive Most isolates produce B-lactamase
Characteristic of staphylococcus epidermidis
Gram postive cocci in cluster Catalase positive Coagulase negative Major cause of hospital acquired infection
Characteristic of staphylococcus saprophyticus
Gram postive cocci in cluster Coagulate negative Resistance to novobiocin Community acquired urinary tract infection in young
Laboratory diagnosis of staphylococcus epidermidis
Gram stained smear and culture Whitish nonhemolytic colonies on blood agar Coagulase negative Sensitive to novobiocin
Habitat for staphylococcus aureus
Human nose and skin
Habitat of staphylococcus epidermidis
Normal flora of human skin and mucus membrane
Treatment of MRSA
Vancomycin , some times gentamicin is added Daptomycin Trimethoprin-sulfamethoxazole or clindamycin can be used to treat life threatening infection caused by those organisms
Treatment of staphylococcus epidermidis
Vancomycin plus either rifampin or aminoglycoside
Transmission of staphylococcus aureus
Via hand