Microbiology staphylococcus

Staphylococcus aureus diseases

1) toxic shock syndrome 2) abscesses of many organs 3) endocarditis 4) gastroenteritis (food poisoning) 5) hospital acquired pneumoniae 6) surgical wound infection 7) sepsis

Staphylococcus aureus methicillin resistance is due to

Altered in penicillin binding protein

Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus intermediate resistance to vancomycin

Daptomycin Quinupristin-dalfopristin

Disease of staphylococcus epidermidis

Endocarditis on prosthetic heart valve Prosthetic hip infection Intravascular catheter infection Cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection Neonatal sepsis

Transmission of staphylococcus epidermidis

From person to person via hands

Pathogenesis of streptococcus epidermidis

Glycocalyx producing strains adhere well to foreign bodies such as prothetic implants and catheter

Characteristic of staphylococcus aureus

Gram positive cocci in cluster Coagulate positive Catalase positive Most isolates produce B-lactamase

Characteristic of staphylococcus epidermidis

Gram postive cocci in cluster Catalase positive Coagulase negative Major cause of hospital acquired infection

Characteristic of staphylococcus saprophyticus

Gram postive cocci in cluster Coagulate negative Resistance to novobiocin Community acquired urinary tract infection in young

Laboratory diagnosis of staphylococcus epidermidis

Gram stained smear and culture Whitish nonhemolytic colonies on blood agar Coagulase negative Sensitive to novobiocin

Habitat for staphylococcus aureus

Human nose and skin

Habitat of staphylococcus epidermidis

Normal flora of human skin and mucus membrane

Treatment of MRSA

Vancomycin , some times gentamicin is added Daptomycin Trimethoprin-sulfamethoxazole or clindamycin can be used to treat life threatening infection caused by those organisms

Treatment of staphylococcus epidermidis

Vancomycin plus either rifampin or aminoglycoside

Transmission of staphylococcus aureus

Via hand