Midterm

Which of the following symptoms would you expect to observe in a person suffering from type I diabetes mellitus?

E.) All of these answers are correct.

there are how many primary taste sensations

five- sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami

movement of solutes stops at equilibrium in all of the following except

forward and reverse reactions

Alpha cells in the pancreas produce

glucagon

The brain consumes about half of the ________ circulating in the body.

glucose

the receptors in the inner ear are the

hair cells

The brain has a ________ (high or low?) demand for oxygen, and receives about

high; 15

grave's disease is associated with

hyperthyroidism

primary fate of carbohydrates

immediately use glucose for energy

metabolic rate

someone with more body fat has a higher metabolic rate

all of the following are responses to a drop in body temperature, except?

sweat secretion

relay and processing station of the brain

thalamus

Facilitated diffusion and active transport differ in that

ATP is necessary for active transport, but not for facilitated diffusion.

The protein in the mitochondria that captures the kinetic energy of moving H+ ions and converts to the stored energy of ATP is called ______ ___________

ATP synthase

damage to which part of the brain causes receptive aphasia

Wernicke's

structure in the temporal lobe associated with learning and memory

Hippocampus

Substances that readily dissolve in water and do not readily dissolve in lipids are

Hydrophilic and lipophobic

the falling phase of the action potential is due to

K+ flow out of the cell only

The rising phase of the action potential is due to

Na+ flow into the cell only

All of the following are functions of the hypothalamus, except:

Production of melatonin, which helps regulate day-night cycles

myelin in the pjs is formed by

Schwann cells

When a protein or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell,

a second messenger appears in the cytosol

a pH that is lower than 7 is considered

acidic

the concentration of calcium in a cell is 3%. The concentration of calcium in the surrounding fluid is 1%. which of the following processes could the cell use to obtain more calcium?

active transport

CRH stimulates the release of

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) also known as corticotropin

Information coming into the central nervous system is transmitted along ________ neurons.

afferent and sensory

NADH is produced from each reaction described EXCEPT one. Identify the exception

anaerobic glycolysis

Insulin secretion lowers blood glucose levels which causes glucagon to raise blood glucose until insulin is secreted.

antagonistic relationship

The hypothalamo-hypophysial portal system connects the hypothalamus to the

anterior pituitary

all of the following are true of basal metabolic rate except

as a person gets older their BMR is reduced

which of the following is not a biomolecule

atom

a cation and an anion will ______ each other

attract

neurotransmitters are released from which part of a neuron

axon

The C cells of the thyroid gland produce

calcitonin

the cell in the membrane acts as a good

electrical insulator

chemical reactions that require the input of energy is best described as

endergonic

Cushing's disease is associated with

excess of cortisol production

a proton has a negative charge and an electron has a positive charge

false

the beta cells of the pancreas produce

insulin

metabolic rate is higher when thyroid hormone

is higher

language and verbal skills tend to concentrate on which side of the brain?

left

The larger the receptive field, the

less precise perception

how do enzymes work?

lower activation energy and speed

spatial summation refers to

multiple weak stimulations that occur at the same time

chemical signals released into synapses

neurotransmitters

If a hyperpolarizing graded potential and a depolarizing graded potential of similar magnitudes arrive at the trigger zone at the same time, what happens?

nothing

myelin in the cos is formed by

oligodendrocytes

the majority of hormones in the body are

peptide hormones

Temporal Summation Refers to

repeated graded potentials reaching the trigger zone one after the other

a cation and a cation will ____ each other

repel

a blind spot in the retina occurs where

the optic nerve leaves the eye

Steroid hormones bind to protein receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus of the target cell.

transcription may occur

Does cortisol suppress the immune system?

true

diabetes is characterized by elevated blood glucose due to immune destruction of pancreatic cells?

type 1 diabetes