MK371 quiz 1

Why is it so important that managers, and people in general, should act ethically and temper their pursuit of self-interest by considering the effects of their actions on others? A. Because giving excessive importance to oneself with no consideration of societal interests leads to disaster for each individual and for the whole society because scarce resources are destroyed. B. Because ethical issues are seldom clear-cut since the rights, self-interests, goals, and incentives of different stakeholders often conflict. C. Because a manager has no reluctance about communicating an ethical decision to people outside the company since the typical person in a society would think it is acceptable. D. Because if all companies make the right choices, all stakeholders will benefit in the long run. E. Because a company affects the prosperity of a society and a nation and, to the degree that a company is involved in global trade, all the countries it operates in and thus the prosperity of the global economy.

A. Because giving excessive importance to oneself with no consideration of societal interests leads to disaster for each individual and for the whole society because scarce resources are destroyed.

The recommended steps to eliminate sexual harassment include: A. Clearly communicate harassment policy and establish a complaint procedure B. Ensure that alleged harassers are fairly treated and establish a complaint procedure C. Fire all sexual harassers regardless of the nature of the offense and train members about sexual harassment D. Provide few examples of types of behavior to improve morale and establish a complaint procedure E. Train members about sexual harassment and ensure that alleged harassers are fairly treated

A. Clearly communicate harassment policy and establish a complaint procedure

________________ is the tendency to be careful, scrupulous, and persevering. A. Conscientiousness B. Openness to experience C. Need for achievement D. Agreeableness E. Extraversion

A. Conscientiousness

Which of the following processes gives the managers the ability to measure performance accurately and regulate organizational efficiency and effectiveness? A. Controlling B. Planning C. Organizing D. Leading E. Staffing

A. Controlling

Which of the following is true of the planning process in an organization with an innovative culture? A. It encourages lower-level managers to participate in the process. B. It rarely takes risks involving the development of new products. C. It emphasizes formal top-down planning. D. It subjects the suggestions from lower-level managers to a formal review process that significantly slows decision making. E. It creates a well-defined hierarchy of authority and establishes clear reporting relationships so that employees know exactly whom to report to.

A. It encourages lower-level managers to participate in the process.

Which of the following is true of effectiveness? A. Organizational performance increases in direct proportion to increase in effectiveness. B. Organizations are effective when managers minimize the time needed to produce a given output of services. C. It is a measure of how productively resources are used to achieve a goal. D. Organizations are effective when managers minimize the amount of input resources. E. Effectiveness is related to performance but not efficiency.

A. Organizational performance increases in direct proportion to increase in effectiveness.

Kathleen, a manager, is attempting to determine whether she has both the capability and the resources to produce one of several possible new products. In the context of decision making, on which of the following criteria of alternative courses of action is Kathleen focusing? A. Practicality B. Ethicalness C. Legality D. Economic feasibility E. Dialectical inquiry

A. Practicality

Managers should choose a structure that fits the circumstances affecting their organization the most, according to the __________________ theory. A. contingency B. design C. agency D. equity E. expectancy

A. contingency

An ongoing process in which managers build and refine previous plans and continually modify plans at all levels, corporate, business, and functional, so that they fit together into one broad framework, is known as: A. continuity. B. flexibility. C. accuracy. D. unity. E. synergy.

A. continuity.

An organization attempts to succeed by distinguishing its products from those of the competition; this is a(n) ______________ strategy. A. differentiation B. low-cost C. related diversification D. unrelated diversification E. market development

A. differentiation

When workers in a society become wealthy and pass their wealth to their children, thereby increasing the gap between the rich and the poor in that society, the society is said to have: A. high power distance. B. low individualism. C. low power distance. D. high uncertainty avoidance. E. low uncertainty avoidance.

A. high power distance.

Managers can increase their ability to make nonprogrammed decisions that will allow them to adapt to,modify, and even drastically alter their task environments so that they can continually increase organizational performance through organizational: A. learning. B. satisficing. C. group thinking. D. diversity. E. creativity.

A. learning.

To create a learning organization, managers must empower employees and allow them to experiment,create, and explore what they want through developing a sense of: A. personal mastery. B. mental models. C. team learning. D. shared vision. E. systems thinking.

A. personal mastery.

An individual's enduring tendency to feel, think, and act in certain ways are referred to as his/her: A. personality traits. B. terminal values. C. norms. D. attitudes. E. moods.

A. personality traits.

The tool that is used in situations when programmed decision making is appropriate is a ______________ plan. A. standing B. scenario C. rolling D. single-use E. tactical

A. standing

The cluster of decisions that managers make to assist an organization to achieve its goals is known as: A. strategy. B. scenario planning. C. organizing. D. needs assessment. E. related diversification.

A. strategy.

In the administrative model of decision making, when the number of possible alternatives to a decision is so large that the manager cannot possibly evaluate all of them before making a decision, which of the following has occurred? A. Satisficing B. Bounded rationality C. Brainstorming D. Devil's advocacy E. Optimum decision making

B. Bounded rationality

What are the big five personality traits? A. Extraversion, tension, perfectionism, self-reliance, and apprehension B. Extraversion, negative affectivity, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience C. Extraversion, negative affectivity, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and tension D. Extraversion, negative affectivity, agreeableness, tension, and perfectionism E. Extraversion, negative affectivity, tension, perfectionism, and self-reliance

B. Extraversion, negative affectivity, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience

Which of the following is an appropriate definition of organizational performance? A. It is the process of obtaining, analyzing, and recording information about the relative worth of an employee to the organization. B. It is a measure of how efficiently and effectively managers use available resources to satisfy customers and achieve organizational goals. C. It is an approach to modeling organizations using one-on-one interactions between members of the organization as a proxy for all value-adding activities in the organization. D. It is a management framework that uses and integrates existing management methods and techniques to help teams deliver ever-improving services. E. It is a measure of the interaction between the managerial culture, the workplace culture, and the surrounding culture.

B. It is a measure of how efficiently and effectively managers use available resources to satisfy customers and achieve organizational goals.

Which of the following is true of leadership? A. It helps managers evaluate how well they themselves are performing. B. It revolves around encouraging all employees to perform at a high level to help the organization achieve its vision and goals. C. Managers evaluate how well an organization has achieved its goals and take corrective actions needed to improve performance. D. It revolves around regulation of organizational efficiency and effectiveness. E. Managers decide which goals to measure and then design control systems that will provide the information necessary to assess performance.

B. It revolves around encouraging all employees to perform at a high level to help the organization achieve its vision and goals.

With reference to the steps of decision-making process, which of the following is the last step in the managerial decision-making process? A. Generate alternatives B. Learn from feedback C. Recognize the need for a decision D. Implement the chosen alternative E. Choose among alternatives

B. Learn from feedback

According to which of the following rules is an ethical decision one that best maintains people's fundamental privileges? A. Justice B. Moral rights C. Utilitarian D. Practical E. Existentialism

B. Moral rights

An organization that has been focusing on a target market located in the eastern part of the United States is attempting to decide whether to expand its sales to the West Coast of the United States. Which of the following types of decisions is being taken by the organization? A. Intuition B. Nonprogrammed C. Groupthink D. Satisficing E. Programmed

B. Nonprogrammed

When a manager asks a subordinate for sexual favors in return for a promotion, what type of sexual harassment has occurred? A. Hostile work environment B. Quid pro quo C. Accommodative approach D. Whistleblower approach E. Glass ceiling approach

B. Quid pro quo

A group of managers at Power Explosives analyzes both the internal strengths and weaknesses of their organization as well as the opportunities and threats of the external environment. Which of the following planning exercises does this indicate? A. Mission analysis B. SWOT analysis C. Functional analysis D. Diversification E. Related Diversification

B. SWOT analysis

What do managers do to regulate routine activities? A. They create a mission statement. B. They establish rules and guidelines. C. They create cross-functional teams. D. They facilitate a strong organizational culture. E. They train workers in the use of intuition.

B. They establish rules and guidelines.

Which of the following Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) laws prohibits discrimination in employment decisions on the basis of race, religion, sex, color, or national origin and covers a wide range of employment decisions, including hiring, firing, pay, promotion, and working conditions? A. Age Discrimination in Employment Act B. Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act C. Equal Pay Act D. Americans with Disabilities Act E. Family and Medical Leave Act

B. Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act

When managers pool or share their organization's resources and know-how with those of a foreign company, and the two organizations share the rewards or risks of starting a new venture in a foreign country, the two organizations are involved in: A. a joint venture. B. a strategic alliance. C. differentiation. D. licensing. E. a multidomestic partnership.

B. a strategic alliance.

The tendency to get along well with others is known as: A. need for affiliation. B. agreeableness. C. conscientiousness. D. self-esteem. E. need for achievement.

B. agreeableness.

First-line managers: A. increase efficiency by helping middle-level managers better use resources to reduce manufacturing costs or improve customer service. B. are also known as supervisors. C. are at the top of the managerial hierarchy. D. work in one single department of an organization. E. are responsible for finding the best way to organize human and other resources to achieve organizational goals.

B. are also known as supervisors.

An ethical dilemma is a situation in which a person has to decide if he/she should act in a way that: A. fosters his/her own self-interest to favor another's self-interest. B. is the right thing to do, even though doing so might go against his/her own self-interest. C. does not go against anyone's self-interest. D. may help another person and favor his/her own self-interest. E. favors another's self-interest and therefore helps him/her. An ethical dilemma is the quandary that people find themselves in when they have to decide if they should act in a way that might help another person or group, and is the right thing to do, even though doing so might go against their own self-interest.

B. is the right thing to do, even though doing so might go against his/her own self-interest.

Arrow Corp. attempts to gain a competitive advantage by driving down its production costs per unit below those of its competitors. Arrow is pursuing a(n) ______________ strategy. A. focused differentiation B. low-cost C. related diversification D. unrelated diversification E. concentration on a single business

B. low-cost

Adrian, a manager of the research and development team of an organization, challenges his subordinates to "think outside the box" to improve the way the unit does its work. Adrian is focusing on: A. personal mastery. B. mental models. C. team learning. D. shared vision. E. systems thinking.

B. mental models.

A broad declaration of the organization's overriding purpose, which is intended to identify the organization's products and customer base, as well as to differentiate the organization from its competitors, is known as a ____________ statement. A. functional-level B. mission C. formulated strategy D. positioning E. vision

B. mission

The classical model of decision making specifies how decisions should be made by managers; this is a way of saying that this model of decision making is: A. heuristic. B. prescriptive. C. incomplete. D. intuitive. E. satisficing.

B. prescriptive.

The utilitarian rule states that an ethical decision: A. best protects the rights of people affected. B. produces the greatest good for the greatest number of people. C. distributes benefits and harms in a fair way. D. is one that can be communicated with no reluctance. E. is relevant to financial effectiveness of the organization.

B. produces the greatest good for the greatest number of people.

Managers are _____________. A. collections of people who work together to achieve a wide variety of goals B. responsible for making the most of an organization's human resources to achieve its goals C. responsible for planning, befriending, leading, and controlling of human resources to achieve organizational goals efficiently and effectively D. responsible for most of an organization's resources E. typically evaluated in proportion to their success in increasing organizational efficiency but not always on their success in increasing organizational effectiveness

B. responsible for making the most of an organization's human resources to achieve its goals

Fresh Farms, Inc., is facing financial problems. In order to tackle the situation, the management has decided to reduce the number of middle managers by 20 percent to help them cut costs. This is an example of: A. telecommuting. B. restructuring. C. outsourcing. D. empowering. E. innovating.

B. restructuring.

A formal, written guide to action for employees in an organization is known as a: A. policy. B. rule. C. standard operating procedure. D. rolling plan. E. scenario plan.

B. rule.

A written set of instructions which describes the series of actions that a manager should take in a specific situation is known as a: A. policy. B. standing operating procedure. C. scenario plan. D. rolling plan. E. rule.

B. standing operating procedure.

Social structure is: A. the set of values that a society considers important. B. the traditional system of relationships established between people and groups in a society. C. the hierarchical arrangements of people in society. D. a collection of human beings. E. an outcome of changes in, or changing attitudes toward, the characteristics of a population.

B. the traditional system of relationships established between people and groups in a society.

An organization purchases one of its suppliers in order to obtain access to the raw materials it needs for its production. The organization is using a ______________ corporate-level strategy. A. international expansion B. vertical integration C. diversification D. market development E. concentration on a single industry

B. vertical integration

Organizational citizenship behaviors refer to an employee's: A. strict adherence to organizational goals. B. willingness to perform above and beyond the call of duty. C. indisposition to offer suggestions to the organization. D. emotional attachment to the organization. E. collection of feelings and beliefs about the organization as a whole.

B. willingness to perform above and beyond the call of duty.

The marketing managers of Rudolf Ltd., strive so hard to agree on an important decision to launch a product that they ignore information that a similar product already exists in the market and that the barriers to entry into the market are high. This refers to which of the following decision-making processes? A. Dialectical inquiry B. Devil's advocacy C. Groupthink D. Intuition E. Representative bias

C. Groupthink

Which of the following statements accurately defines brand loyalty? A. It is the repurchase behavior shown by customers due to the absence of viable alternatives. B. It is the repurchase behavior shown by customers due to the fear of trying a new brand. C. It is the customers' preference for the products currently in the task environment. D. It is the perception of customers that some brands are equivalent. E. It implies that the brand delivers what it promises.

C. It is the customers' preference for the products currently in the task environment.

People in a particular country may automatically behave ethically because they have internalized values and norms that specify how they should behave in certain situations. This is an example of which code of ethics? A. Professional ethics B. Individual ethics C. Societal ethics D. Organizational ethics E. Fundamental ethics

C. Societal ethics

Which of the following refers to a cluster of decisions concerning what organizational goals to pursue, what actions to take, and how to use resources to achieve these goals? A. Synergy B. Value C. Strategy D. Mission E. Business model

C. Strategy

Companies from the nation of Atlantis are more efficient in the production of certain types of apparel, while companies from the U.S. are more efficient in the production of certain types of computers. Which economic theory predicts that capital would move to Atlantis and be invested there to produce apparel, while capital from around the world would flow to the United States and be invested in its innovative computer software companies? A. GATT B. NAFTA C. The free-trade doctrine D. Collectivism E. Individualism

C. The free-trade doctrine

Which of the following is true of middle managers? A. They decide how the different departments should interact. B. They are responsible for daily supervision of the nonmanagerial employees who perform the specific activities necessary to produce goods and services. C. They develop and fine-tune skills and know-how that allow the organization to be efficient and effective. D. They are responsible for the performance of all departments. E. They establish organizational goals.

C. They develop and fine-tune skills and know-how that allow the organization to be efficient and effective.

When Electrix Ltd., sells its TVs and VCRs using the same basic marketing approach in various countries, it is pursuing ____________. A. a multidomestic strategy B. a focused low-cost strategy C. a global strategy D. vertical integration E. a differentiation strategy

C. a global strategy

When PepsiCo purchased Frito-Lay and expanded its operations into the snack-food business, it was pursuing a ______________ strategy. A. vertical integration B. market penetration C. diversification D. market development E. low-cost

C. diversification

Esteban, a manager, performs a financial analysis of several investment alternatives in order to determine which alternative is most likely to impact the organization's profitability. Esteban is focusing on: A. bounded rationality. B. ethicalness. C. economic feasibility. D. dialectical inquiry. E. legality.

C. economic feasibility.

A manager who is effectively managing diversity in the liaison role would: A. convey that the effective management of diversity is a valued goal and objective. B. serve as a role model for treating others fairly. C. enable diverse individuals to coordinate their efforts and cooperate with one another. D. support diversity initiatives in the wider community. E. take quick action to correct inequalities and curtail discriminatory behavior.

C. enable diverse individuals to coordinate their efforts and cooperate with one another.

As a manager, Nancy is known in the company as a risk-taker and an innovator. Nancy is: A. high on introversion. B. low on agreeableness. C. high on openness to experience. D. high on negative affectivity. E. high on conscientiousness.

C. high on openness to experience.

The stakeholder group with the most responsibility for deciding the goals of the organization are the ______________. A. stockholders B. customers C. managers D. working-level employees E. consultants

C. managers

Norms that are central to the functioning of a society are known as: A. sanctions. B. folkways. C. mores. D. rituals. E. ceremonies.

C. mores.

The tendency of a person to feel bad emotions and moods, to feel distressed, and to be critical of oneself and others is called: A. agreeableness. B. conscientiousness. C. negative affectivity. D. high on self-esteem. E. optimism.

C. negative affectivity.

The process by which managers establish the structure of working relationships among workers of the organization is known as: A. planning. B. leading. C. organizing. D. controlling. E. directing.

C. organizing.

A general guide to action for the managers of an organization is known as a: A. rolling plan. B. rule. C. policy. D. standard operating procedure. E. scenario plan.

C. policy.

Decisions that have been made many times in the past and for which managers have rules and guidelines about how to make similar decisions in the future are known as ________________ decisions. A. nonprogrammed B. heuristic C. programmed D. intuitive E. creative

C. programmed

A plan that is updated and changed every year to take into consideration how the organization's external and internal environments have changed is known as a ______________ plan. A. standing B. short-term C. rolling D. single-use E. standard operating

C. rolling

With Dell Computer, the actions of suppliers, distributors, customers, and competitors affect their managers' ability to obtain resources and dispose of outputs, and thus, have a significant impact on ______________. A. the legal environment B. the political environment C. short-term decision making D. demographics E. the sociocultural environment

C. short-term decision making

In Dave's Steel Manufacturing Co., new employees go through a short orientation process after their induction. During this process, they are told about the organization and its history, values, jargon, culture, and procedures. They are then introduced to their work group, the specific people they would work with, informed about their own role in the organization, the skills needed to do their job, and both formal procedures and informal norms. This is an example of organizational: A. controlling. B. planning. C. socialization. D. agreeableness. E. conscientiousness.

C. socialization.

In the United States individualism is highly valued, and in Korea and Japan individuals are expected to conform to group expectations. In the context of the general environment, this is an example of a(n) __________________ force. A. demographic B. power distance C. sociocultural D. individual E. political

C. sociocultural

The set of forces and conditions that originate with global suppliers, distributors, customers, and competitors and affect an organization's ability to obtain inputs and dispose of its outputs is the ________________ environment. A. demographic B. legal C. task D. societal E. general

C. task

One managerial implication of the justice model is that managers should base their decisions on: A. whatever stockholders want because they own the company. B. what provides the maximum benefit to most stakeholders. C. whatever promotes a fair distribution of outcomes to stakeholders. D. arbitrary factors. E. the organization's culture.

C. whatever promotes a fair distribution of outcomes to stakeholders.

Managers should design flexible structures, characterized by decentralized authority and empowered employees, for their organization when it's: A. environment is stable. B. technology is simple. C. workforce is highly skilled. D. strategy is well understood. E. strategy is simple.

C. workforce is highly skilled.

When managers are faced with a work environment that they find personally offensive because of their gender, which of the following has occurred? A. A Sarbanes-Oxley violation B. The glass ceiling has been broken C. Quid pro quo harassment D. A hostile work environment E. A nonaccommodative environment

D. A hostile work environment

Karen, an executive at Brandon's Department Store, finds that the median age of the population in the chain's region is increasing by about three years every decade. This is an example of which type of force in the general environment? A. Political B. Economic C. Legal D. Demographic E. Sociocultural

D. Demographic

Which of the following refers to the invisible barriers that prevent minorities and women from being promoted to top corporate positions? A. Glass labyrinth B. Flight ceiling C. Glass cliff D. Glass ceiling E. Glass wall

D. Glass ceiling

Which of the following statements best defines uncertainty avoidance? A. It is the degree to which societies accept the idea that inequalities in the power and well-being of their citizens are due to differences in individuals' physical and intellectual capabilities and heritage. B. It is a worldview that values subordination of the individual to the goals of the group and adherence to the principle that people should be judged by their contribution to the group. C. It is the unwritten, informal codes of conduct that prescribe appropriate behavior in particular situations and are considered important by most members of a group or organization. D. It is the degree to which societies value diversity and tolerate differences in personal beliefs and actions. E. It is the flow of power and influence around the world using diplomacy, persuasion, aggression, and force of arms to protect the right or access of a country, world region, or political bloc to the other forms of capital.

D. It is the degree to which societies value diversity and tolerate differences in personal beliefs and actions.

Which of the following is an accurate definition of a self-managed team? A. It is a group of people who work interdependently and with shared purpose across space, time, and organization boundaries using technology to communicate and collaborate. B. It involves several professionals who independently address various issues that an organization may have, focusing on the issues in which they specialize. C. It lessens the autonomy enjoyed by the employee. D. It refers to a group of employees who assume collective responsibility for organizing, controlling, and supervising their own work activities. E. It refers to a team used only for a defined period of time and for a separate, concretely definable purpose.

D. It refers to a group of employees who assume collective responsibility for organizing, controlling, and supervising their own work activities.

Which of the following statement is true of ethics and law? A. Both ethics and law are fixed principles. B. Ethics are always fixed, but law is always flexible. C. Ethics are always flexible, but law is always fixed. D. Neither ethics nor laws are fixed principles. E. Both ethics and law can be fixed or flexible according to the situation. In studying the relationship between ethics and law, it is important to understand that neither laws nor ethics are fixed principles that do not change over time. Ethical beliefs alter and change as time passes, and as they do so, laws change to reflect the changing ethical beliefs of a society.

D. Neither ethics nor laws are fixed principles.

In a meeting, after hearing a member describe a problem to be addressed, all other members of the group first wrote down ideas and solutions. After this, everyone shared those suggestions without criticism. The group, one by one, clarified, critiqued, and then discussed the alternatives in the sequence in which they were first proposed. Finally, each member ranked all the alternatives, and the highest-ranking alternative was chosen. Which of the following decision-making techniques is being implemented? A. Delphi technique B. Dialectical inquiry C. Brainstorming D. Nominal group technique E. Intuitive decision making

D. Nominal group technique

Which of the following is true of efficiency? A. It is a measure of the appropriateness of the goals that managers have selected for the organization to pursue. B. Organizations are efficient when managers choose appropriate goals and then achieve them. C. Lesser the efficiency, higher the organizational performance. D. Organizations are efficient when managers minimize the amount of input resources. E. Organizations are efficient when managers maximize the amount of time needed to produce a given output of goods.

D. Organizations are efficient when managers minimize the amount of input resources.

In what order do managers typically perform the managerial functions? A. Organizing, planning, controlling, leading B. Organizing, leading, planning, controlling C. Planning, organizing, leading, controlling D. Planning, organizing, controlling, leading E. Leading, organizing, planning, controlling

D. Planning, organizing, controlling, leading

In the context of the global general environment, which of the following accurately defines economic forces? A. They refer to the situation in an economy in which the distribution of resources among the people is considered fair. B. They refer to pressure emanating from the social structure of a country or society or from the national culture. C. They refer to the factors impacting the process of predicting the movements of the economy. D. They are the interest rates, inflation, unemployment, economic growth, and other factors that affect the general health and well-being of a nation. E. They are policies, decisions, or events that produce a microeconomic effect on commerce, employment, or incomes.

D. They are the interest rates, inflation, unemployment, economic growth, and other factors that affect the general health and well-being of a nation.

Which of the following is true of top managers? A. They are responsible for finding the best way to organize human and other resources to achieve organizational goals. B. They are responsible for daily supervision of the nonmanagerial employees who perform the specific activities necessary to produce goods and services. C. They find ways to help first-line managers and nonmanagerial employees better use resources to reduce manufacturing costs or improve customer service. D. They have cross-departmental responsibility. E. They are responsible for a single department.

D. They have cross-departmental responsibility.

Managers should attempt to collect and use all available information in the organization's planning process. This emphasizes the ______________ aspect of planning. A. unity B. flexibility C. continuity D. accuracy E. synergy

D. accuracy

People who have ________________ believe they themselves are responsible for their own fate; they see their own actions and behaviors as being major and decisive determinants of important outcomes. A. low self-esteem B. a low sense of achievement C. high neuroticism D. an internal locus of control E. an external locus of control

D. an internal locus of control

If a society values the group more than the individual, and believes that people should be judged by the quality of their contribution to the group instead of their individual achievement, then the society is said to value: A. individualism. B. power distance. C. uncertainty avoidance. D. collectivism. E. objectivism.

D. collectivism.

A manager who is effectively managing diversity in the disseminator role would: A. develop new ways to manage diversity. B. take quick actions to manage conflict arising from diversity. C. evaluate how fairly employees are being treated. D. communicate to employees about diversity policies. E. speak to diverse groups to interest them in career opportunities.

D. communicate to employees about diversity policies.

The most critical stakeholder group is often the ______________. A. stockholders B. managers C. employees D. customers E. suppliers

D. customers

Another name for the business level of the organization is the ______________ level. A. functional B. department C. corporate D. divisional E. first-line

D. divisional

George works as the human resource manager at Maddy's Confectionaries. It was mandatory for his subordinates to obtain his signature on every document related to the hiring of a new employee. When he realized that this was increasing the duration of the hiring process, he told his subordinates that they no longer needed his signature unless the hire involved extraordinary circumstances. This is an example of: A. restructuring. B. outsourcing. C. total quality management. D. empowerment. E. innovation.

D. empowerment.

In the context of norms, in a society, the customs for correct dress and social manners are known as: A. symbols. B. artifacts. C. values. D. folkways. E. rites.

D. folkways.

Emotional intelligence can help managers perform interpersonal roles like that of a: A. resource allocator. B. monitor. C. planner. D. liaison. E. decision maker.

D. liaison.

Based on the work of March and Simon's administrative model of decision making, the first step in the managerial decision-making process is to: A. choose among alternatives. B. assess alternatives. C. implement the chosen alternative. D. recognize the need for a decision. E. generate alternatives.

D. recognize the need for a decision.

A manager considers a limited sample of the potential alternative solutions for a problem and selects one that is acceptable instead of attempting to select the optimum solution. This type of decision is called: A. programmed. B. intuition. C. certainty. D. satisficing. E. heuristics.

D. satisficing.

With regard to the managerial function of controlling in an organization that has a conservative culture, managers: A. recognize that there are multiple potential paths to success and that failure must be accepted for creativity to thrive. B. are less concerned about employees' performing their jobs in a specific, predetermined manner. C. are concerned about employees' being flexible and taking the initiative to come up with ideas for improving performance. D. set specific, difficult goals for employees, frequently monitor progress toward these goals, and develop a clear set of rules that employees are expected to adhere to. E. encourage risk taking, creativity, and innovation.

D. set specific, difficult goals for employees, frequently monitor progress toward these goals, and develop a clear set of rules that employees are expected to adhere to.

A sales manager talks with his subordinates about the way they should treat customers. The sales manager is focusing on the __________________ aspect of creating a learning organization. A. personal mastery B. groupthink C. team learning D. shared vision E. systems thinking

D. shared vision

When managers cannot assign probabilities of future occurrence to possible alternatives with a decision, this is known as: A. certainty. B. risk. C. bounded rationality. D. uncertainty. E. dialectical inquiry.

D. uncertainty.

To help managers and employees make ethical decisions and behave in ways that benefit their stakeholders, they can use four ethical rules or principles to analyze the effects of their business decisions on stakeholders, the: ________________ rules. A. utilitarian, moral belief, justice, and practical B. utilitarian, moral rights, justice, and existentialism C. fairness, moral rights, justice, and practical D. utilitarian, moral rights, justice, and practical E. always good, moral rights, justice, and existentialism

D. utilitarian, moral rights, justice, and practical

The form of international expansion which gives an organization high potential return because the organization does not have to share its profits with a foreign organization, and it reduces the level of risk because the organization's managers have full control over all aspects of their foreign company's operations is: A. a joint venture. B. franchising. C. exporting. D. licensing. E. a wholly owned foreign subsidiary.

E. a wholly owned foreign subsidiary.

Whenever Daniel performs well in a test, he thinks that his teacher was being lenient or that he was lucky. Daniel is said to have: A. an internal locus of control. B. high self-esteem. C. a high sense of achievement. D. low neuroticism. E. an external locus of control.

E. an external locus of control.

Organizational ________________ comprises the shared set of beliefs, expectations, values, norms, and work routines that influence how members of an organization relate to one another and work together to achieve organizational goals. A. planning B. hierarchy C. chart D. structure E. culture

E. culture

Dissimilarities among people due to age, gender, race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, socioeconomic background, education, experience, physical appearance, capabilities/disabilities, and any other characteristic that is used to distinguish between people defines ______________. A. flexibility B. solidarity C. universality D. abstrusity E. diversity

E. diversity

Industries that are characterized by permanent, ongoing, intense competition brought about by advancing technology or changing customer tastes, fads, and fashions are an example of: A. a joint venture. B. differentiation. C. diverse competition. D. focused competition. E. hypercompetition.

E. hypercompetition.

Nonroutine decisions made in response to novel situations in business are known as ________________ decisions. A. intuitive B. creative C. programmed D. heuristic E. nonprogrammed

E. nonprogrammed

The idea that one level of learning affects other levels is part of the __________________ principle of creating a learning organization. A. personal mastery B. mental models C. team learning D. shared vision E. systems thinking

E. systems thinking