MKT 230 Test #2

A group of brands that a consumer views as alternatives for possible purchase is called a(n) Select one: a. evaluative group. b. inert set. c. awareness set. d. evaluation criteria. e. evoked set.

e. Evoked set.

Demand for a business product is _______ when two or more items are used in combination to produce a product. Select one: a. joint b. inelastic c. fluctuating d. partnered e. derived

a. Joint.

Because of a service's ___________________, standardization and quality are difficult to control. Select one: a. intangibility b. inseparability c. perishability d. heterogeneity e. homogeneity

d. Heterogeneity.

Depending on the length of time it takes them to adopt a new product, people can be divided into five major adopter categories: early adopters, early majority, late majority, laggards, and Select one: a. nonadopters. b. late adopters. c. middle majority. d. innovators. e. middle adopters.

d. Innovators.

Which of the following is similar for both for-profit and nonprofit marketing? Select one: a. Ability to use effective marketing activities b. Emphasis on profit as a motive c. Complexity of the typical distribution channels d. Concern for the entry of competitors into the field e. Definition of target markets

a. Ability to use effective marketing activities.

The three major ways to modify a product include Select one: a. aesthetic, quality, and functional changes. b. extensions, generations, and upgrades. c. quality, quantity, and design. d. styling, product features, and product design. e. color, size, and quantity modifications.

a. Aesthetic, quality, and functional changes.

What is a primary difference between business and consumer buyers? Select one: a. Business buyers generally make larger orders than consumer buyers. b. Repeat sales are more common with consumer buyers than business buyers. c. Consumer buyers require more product information than business buyers. d. Business purchases are made by one individual whereas families make consumer purchases together. e. Consumers primarily buy inexpensive items; businesses only buy expensive items.

a. Business buyers generally make larger orders than consumer buyers.

All packaging must at a minimum Select one: a. comply with the FDA's packaging regulations. b. clearly communicate the contents and the product's benefits. c. protect and preserve the contents in the package. d. be made out of the most cost-effective materials available. e. be tamper-proof and safe for children

a. Comply with the FDA's packaging regulations.

The phase of new-product development in which a small sample of potential buyers are presented with a product idea through a written or oral description in order to determine their attitudes and initial buying intentions regarding the product is called Select one: a. concept testing. b. test marketing. c. customer response testing. d. idea analysis. e. screening.

a. Concept testing.

All of the following are marketer-dominated sources of information except Select one: a. friends. b. salespeople. c. packaging. d. displays. e. advertising.

a. Friends.

Which of the following statements about business buying is false? Select one: a. Orders in business markets tend to be smaller than those placed in consumer markets. b. Business marketers must often sell their products in large quantities to make profits. c. Most business purchases are made by committee. d. Business marketers prefer not to sell to customers who place small orders. e. Business purchases are usually made on the basis of contracts.

a. Orders in business markets tend to be smaller than those placed in consumer markets.

Individual influencing factors refer to Select one: a. personal characteristics of individuals in the buying center. b. relationships among those in the firm's buying center. c. the power an individual controls in the buying center. d. uncontrollable environmental forces. e. activities of suppliers.

a. Personal characteristics of individuals in the buying center.

Three major ways in which marketers engage in product differentiation are Select one: a. product quality, product design and features, and product support services. b. product quality, product support services, and packaging. c. product positioning, product quality, and product management. d. product positioning, product design and features, and product promotion. e. product support services, product design and features, and product positioning.

a. Product quality, product design and features, and product support services.

The development of a person's self-concept is a function of Select one: a. psychological and social factors. b. reference groups and opinion leaders. c. roles and family influences. d. learning. e. subcultures.

a. Psychological and social factors.

Because practically all marketers provide some services, __________ typically do not exist in today's business environment. Select one: a. pure goods b. tangible-dominant products c. customer services d. pure service e. service products

a. Pure goods.

A new variety of Doritos is initially introduced in Ft. Worth, Texas; Columbia, South Carolina; Peria, Illinois; and Spokane, Washington. After its initial success, Frito Lay markets the Doritos in those entire states, then the adjacent states, and finally the entire country. Frito-Lay is using a __________ for its new variety of Doritos. Select one: a. roll-out approach b. multi-stage introduction c. mass commercialization d. trickle-down approach e. test-market expansion

a. Roll-out approach.

In the United States, toothpaste is sold in tubes and ketchup is sold in plastic bottles. However, in other parts of the world, ketchup and tomato paste are also sold in tubes. If Heinz were to introduce ketchup in tubes in the United States, consumers might have a more difficult time recognizing the ketchup product due to the change in the __________________ . Select one: a. selective packaging. b. category-consistent packaging. c. innovative packaging. d. category-specific packaging. e. multiple-category packaging.

b. Category-consistent packaging.

To differentiate their products, companies sometimes emphasize the product support services that they offer. This is especially true when Select one: a. the quality of the company's products is inferior to the quality of competing products. b. consumers perceive all products in a market to have essentially the same quality, design, and features. c. consumers are willing to pay for product support services. d. the company's prices are higher than the competition's. e. the company introduces a new product.

b. Consumers perceive all products in a market to have essentially the same quality, design, and features.

In general, differences between goods and services are determined by the Select one: a. type of provider. b. degree of tangibility. c. degree of consumer contact. d. degree of labor intensiveness. e. type of target market.

b. Degree of tangibility.

Sales usually start to decline during the __________ stage of the product life cycle. Select one: a. end of growth b. end of maturity c. beginning of growth d. beginning of decline e. beginning of the termination

b. End of maturity.

In which stage of the product life cycle do profits begin to decrease? Select one: a. Maturity b. Growth c. Introduction d. Recovery e. Decline

b. Growth.

Coca-Cola has expanded to Diet Coke, Cherry Coke, and Caffeine-free Coke, to name a few. These are examples of Select one: a. functional modifications. b. aesthetic modifications. c. line extensions. d. product modifications. e. product lining.

c. Line extensions.

Which of the following products is most likely to be purchased on the basis of contract negotiation? Select one: a. Used cars b. Office supplies c. A custom-made bulldozer d. Wheat e. Eggs

c. A custom-made bulldozer.

Inelastic demand simply means that Select one: a. when supply is reduced, the price will increase. b. demand depends on how many items are purchased. c. a price increase or decrease will not significantly change the demand for an item. d. buyers will not make a modified rebuy purchase. e. when price goes up, demand goes down.

c. A price increase or decrease will not significantly change the demand for an item.

Problem recognition occurs when a consumer Select one: a. is exposed to a television advertisement desired state and actual condition. b. searches for information to resolve a problem. c. becomes aware that there is a difference between a desired state and an actual condition. d. recognizes a need and evaluates for information to resolve a problem. e. evaluates her or his purchase.

c. Becomes aware that there is a difference between a desired state and an actual condition.

One disadvantage of test marketing a new product is that Select one: a. it might fail before it can be commercialized. b. the product is distributed on a regional basis. c. competitors may copy the product. d. price, advertising, and packaging cannot be varied from market to market. e. the results give little indication of the product's future success.

c. Competitors may copy the product.

During the introduction stage of the successful product, profits are usually Select one: a. declining. b. at their highest point. c. negative and increasing. d. negative and decreasing. e. positive and increasing.

c. Negative and increasing.

Product deletion can best be described as the process of deleting a product from the product mix when it Select one: a. is perceived as a failure by top management. b. no longer responds to promotional efforts. c. no longer satisfies a sufficient number of customers. d. is reviewed negatively by a systematic review board. e. increases production costs and decreases profits.

c. No longer satisfies a sufficient number of customers.

Demand-based pricing most closely relates to the ____________________ of services. Select one: a. heterogeneity b. inseparability c. perishability d. intangibility e. customer contact aspect

c. Perishability.

Craftsman tools, sold and branded by Sears, is an example of a ________ brand. Select one: a. regional b. generic c. private distributor d. wholesaler e. manufacturer

c. Private distributor.

Schwinn has developed a new bicycle that has the strongest and lightest-weight frame of any bicycle outside of those made for racing. In addition, Schwinn has added several new features to its bike that are attractive to individuals who work as "bike messengers" in large, urban cities. Since no other company makes a bike that has these specific attributes, Schwinn is creating Select one: a. consistency of quality. b. product positioning. c. product differentiation. d. a commercialization. e. level of quality.

c. Product differentiation.

Minerals, chemicals, timber, and agricultural products are considered Select one: a. component parts. b. MRO supplies. c. raw materials. d. accessory materials. e. process materials.

c. Raw materials.

Which of the following products is an example of a manufacturer brand? Select one: a. Kmart tires b. JC Penny jeans c. Sony TVs d. Safeway tomato sauce e. Great Value Corn Flakes

c. Sony TVs.

A product line is defined as Select one: a. products that an organization makes available to consumers. b. products that can be designated as a unique offering among the organization's products. c. a specific group of products that are offered to the market. d. a group of closely related products that are considered a unit because of marketing, technical, or end-use considerations. e. products that are sold by the same firm or a division of a firm.

d. A group of closely related products that are considered a unit because of marketing, technical, or end-use considerations.

Which of the following is the best example of a functional modification? Select one: a. Friskies changes the ingredients in its cat food to a taste that is preferred by most cats. b. Motorola uses a battery that allows its cell phones to charge back up more quickly. c. The manufacturer of the primer and sealer, Kilz, introduces an odorless variety. d. A smoke alarm is modified to be more sensitive to smoke at farther distances. e. Campbell;s puts more of a higher-grade chicken in its classic chicken noodle soup.

d. A smoke alarm is modified to be more sensitive to smoke at farther distances.

Morgan is interested in upgrading to a new sofa for her apartment. Morgan looks online to see what new models her favorite sofa brand has available and can get information on the style and color; however, she can't actually sit on the sofa to determine its comfort level. Morgan is able to evaluate the __________ modifications to the sofa, but not the __________ . Select one: a. functional; aesthetic b. functional; quality c. quality; aesthetic d. aesthetic; functional e. aesthetic; quality

d. Aesthetic; functional.

Antonio is planning a trip to Cancun for spring break. He will likely be able to evaluate the hotel's size, amenities offered, and prices by looking at information on its website. However, he won't be able to evaluate the comfort level of the bed or the friendliness of the employees until he actually spends time at the hotel. The type of evaluation attributes Antonio is using before his trip are called _____________ and those he uses during the trip are called ______________ . Select one: a. credence; search b. experience; credence c. credence; experience d. search; experience e. search; credence

d. Search; experience.

Which of the following is the best definition of product features? Select one: a. The physical appearance of a product b. How a product is conceived, planned, and produced with the necessary functions c. The things a product does that provide benefits to the customer d. Specific design characteristics that allow a product to perform certain tasks e. Mechanical efforts or activities a company provides that add value to a product

d. Specific design characteristics that allow a product to perform certain tasks.

The United States Navy purchases uniforms from a single supplier. For the last twenty-five years, the trousers purchased from this supplier have not changed and have been bought every six months, in seven different sizes. This example is called a Select one: a. standard order. b. new-product purchase. c. modified rebuy. d. straight rebuy. e. repetitive purchase

d. Straight rebuy.

The major drawback to using aesthetic modifications is Select one: a. the cost of the modifications. b. the need for redesign of the product. c. that there is no differentiation for the products in the market. d. that the value of the modification is determined subjectively. e. a possible decrease in market share.

d. That value of the modification is determined subjectively.

Many manufacturers that produce their own brand Select one: a. also produce generic versions of their products. b. receive most of their profits from service work. c. sell only to outlets bearing their brand name. d. use low prices to build their perceived brand quality. e. also produce products for private distributor brands.

e. Also produce products for private distributor brands.

Cognitive, affective, and behavioral are the three major components of Select one: a. consumer socialization. b. self-concept c. lifestyles. d. motives. e. attitudes.

e. Attitudes.

If Ralph Lauren, a designer of fine clothing, authorized Dan River Mills to market a line of sheets under the Ralph Lauren name this arrangement is an example of Select one: a. product continuation. b. brand extension. c. private branding. d. individual branding. e. brand licensing.

e. Brand licensing.

Kleenex Boutique is a ______ of tissues made by the Kimberly-Clark Corporation. Select one: a. brand identification b. trademark c. trade name d. brand mark e. brand name

e. Brand name.

A Lenovo laptop that has an "Intel" logo on its keyboard is an example of Select one: a. line family branding. b. individual branding. c. brand extension. d. brand licensing. e. co-branding

e. Co-branding.

Business markets are typically divided into four categories. These categories are Select one: a. manufacturer, wholesaler, retailer, and services. b. reseller, retailer, government, and institutional. c. producer, manufacturer, reseller, and government. d. retailers, wholesalers, services, and nonprofit firms. e. producer, reseller, government, and institutional.

e. Producer, reseller, government, and institutional.

The three purposes for which individuals or groups can use products in order for it to be considered a business market are Select one: a. governmental, institutional, and reseller purposes. b. making other products, selling to other businesses, making component parts. c. direct use in producing other products, company travel, and end consumption. d. use in daily operations, end consumption, and resale. e. resale, use in daily operations, and direct use in producing other products.

e. Resale, use in daily operations, and direct use in producing other products.

Which of the following consumer decision-making processes will probably be used in purchasing toothpaste? Select one: a. Perceptual scanning b. Extended decision making c. Limited decision making d. Intensive decision making e. Routinized response behavior

e. Routinized response behavior.

All of the following are elements of the inseparability characteristic of services except that Select one: a. consumers are involved in production. b. consumption and production are simultaneous. c. centralized mass production is difficult. d. many services cannot be performed without the customer being present. e. services are easy to standardize and control.

e. Services are easy to standardize and control.

Shannon Hill needed to buy an airline ticket to visit her parents. She went to several websites to compare rates and chose a flight on Southwest Air lines because, for a similar price to other airlines, it had a better reputation for service. For Shannon, this flight is an example of which type of product? Select one: a. Durable b. Convenience c. Specialty d. Unsought e. Shopping

e. Shopping.

In most service industries, customer-contact employees are Select one: a. moderately paid personnel with high rates of turnover. b. well-trained but have high turnover rates. c. valued as the most important employees in the organization. d. the best trained employees in the organization. e. the lowest-paid and least-trained employees.

e. The lowest-paid and least-trained employees.

The three major categories of influences on the consumer buying decision process are: Select one: a. marketer-dominated influences, psychological influences, and person-specific influences. b. demographic influences, situational influences, and marketer-dominated influences. c. situational influences, demographic influences, and psychological influences. d. social influences, situational influences, and marketer-dominated influences. e. situational influences, social influences, and psychological influences.

e. situational influences, social influences, and psychological influences.

he spray bottle for Windex Glass Cleaner could be considered a secondary-use package because Select one: a. customers can reuse it for other purposes. b. glass cleaner works on chrome as well as glass. c. its shape is ideal for multiple-unit packaging. d. it has a shape similar to other glass cleaner bottles. e. the spray nozzle has an adjustable valve.

a. Customers can reuse it for other purposes.

The stage of the product life cycle when marketers consider eliminating products that are not contributing to profitability or the overall effectiveness of a product mix is the _________ stage. Select one: a. decline b. maturity c. reorganization d. introduction e. growth

a. Decline.

Procter & Gamble makes at least eight different laundry detergents. This is most relevant to the issue of Select one: a. depth of product mix. b. a promotion mix. c. a market mix. d. product mix consistency. e. width of product mix.

a. Depth of product mix.

Which of the following should be the least important concern for marketers when selecting a brand name? Select one: a. Developing an advertising campaign to introduce the name b. Checking to see if the name is already trademarked by another company c. Designing a name that can be used in all different types of media d. Positively suggesting the product's major benefits e. Choosing a name that is easy to say and recall

a. Developing an advertising campaign to introduce the name.

A run-out policy of product deletion Select one: a. exploits any strengths left in the product. b. lets the product decline without changing the product strategy c. raises the price of the product continually to secure as much profit as possible before the product is priced out of the market. d. occurs when production cannot keep pace with demand because of material shortages. e. is an immediate-drop decision.

a. Exploits any strengths left in the product.

For which of the following products would a consumer most likely use limited decision making? Select one: a. Hair dryer b. Automobile c. Washing machine d. Toothpaste e. Detergent

a. Hair dryer

Compared with consumer goods, marketers aiming at business customers Select one: a. have an enormous amount of information available concerning potential customers. b. have more difficulty in determining where their customers are located. c. have more difficulty in estimating customers' purchase potentials. d. do not need to select target markets. e. are restricted in the types of promotion they can use.

a. Have an enormous amount of information available concerning potential customers.

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Select one: a. individuals first satisfy the most basic needs and then try to fulfill needs at the next level up. b. levels of needs are different for everyone, and we all try to satisfy them in a different order. c. individuals first address needs at the top of the pyramid and then move down to the lower level needs. d. self-actualization needs are the most important needs to be met for most individuals. e. individuals simultaneously try to satisfy all five level of needs.

a. Individuals first satisfy the most basic needs and then try to fulfill needs at the next level up.

Demand for business products is also known as ______________ demand. Select one: a. industrial b. derived c. corporate d. manufacturing e. business buying

a. Industrial.

When Jiffy-Pop packaged its popcorn in an aluminum skillet, complete with attachable handle, it designed the package to become the cooking utensil. After cooking, the handle was removed and the package became the popcorn bowl. Jiffy-Pop's popcorn in this case is an example of ______ packaging. Select one: a. innovative b. secondary-use c. category-consistent d. "green" e. multiple

a. Innovative.

A major determining factor in deciding which type of decision-making process should be used depends on the individual's intensity of interest in a product and the importance of the product for that person. This is known as an individual's Select one: a. level of involvement. b. motivational structure. c. routinized response behavior. d. evaluative criteria. e. cognitive dissonance.

a. Level of involvement.

Business products are classified into the following seven categories according to characteristics and intended uses: raw materials, installations, accessory equipment, component parts, process materials, business services, and Select one: a. MRO supplies b. service assistance. c. computer programming and operation services. d. specialty industrial products. e. production activities.

a. MRO supplies.

Twin-packs and six-packs are examples of Select one: a. multiple packaging. b. family packaging. c. package bundling. d. family branding. e. group packaging.

a. Multiple packaging.

Service industries account for _________ of the gross domestic product of most developed nations. Select one: a. nearly three-quarters b. nearly all c. a small portion d. approximately 25 percent e. more than half

a. Nearly three-quarters.

The continuum of tangibility goes from _________ on one end to ________ on the other end. Select one: a. service-dominant products; good-dominant products b. pure products; pure services c. rational products; irrational products d. easy to see; not easy to see e. mostly service goods; mostly product goods

a. Service-dominant products; good-dominant.

A service is usually offered as part of a bundled package of services with a core service and one or more __________ services. Select one: a. supplementary b. tangible c. basic d. auxiliary e. other core

a. Supplementary

When Minute Maid mailed out free samples of its new instant drink mix, it was trying to move prospective customers into the _____ stage of the product adoption process. Select one: a. trail b. evaluation c. awareness d. interest e. adoption

a. Trail.

What should marketers do to promote the consistency and reliability of their services most effectively? Select one: a. Train employees and develop standard procedures for dealing with customers b. Limit the number of employees in their organization c. Encourage employees to be creative in solving customer issues and complaints d. Perform as much of the service as possible before the customer arrives e. Require employees to be shining, happy people all day long

a. Train employees and develop standard procedures for dealing with customers.

Just Relax Massage Therapists have a large customer base although they do very little advertising. Their promotion strategy relies mostly on Select one: a. word of mouth. b. newspaper ads. c. news stories. d. a webpage. e. television ads.

a. Word of mouth.

Brand name awareness is an important element of brand equity because a familiar brand is more likely to be in a customer's ______ than an unfamiliar brand. Select one: a. inept set b. consideration set c. preference group d. brand group e. loyalty set

b. Consideration set.

A customer shopping for a fax machine tells a salesperson that it is important for the fax machine to have several attributes. It must use plain paper, be able to make copies, be compatible with all other fax machines, and not require a separate phone line. The buyer has express his or her Select one: a. information search criteria. b. evaluative criteria. c. consideration set. d. framing characteristics. e. service characteristics.

b. Evaluative criteria.

When a product experiences an increase in the number of competitors, it is usually in the _______ stage of the product life cycle; however, when that competition becomes intense, it is in the __________ stage. Select one: a. growth; decline b. growth; maturity c. introduction; growth d. maturity; decline e. introduction; maturity

b. Growth; Maturity

Nathan recently purchased a floor lamp from Ikea. The floor lamp came in a compact cardboard box and assembly was required. This is an example of _________ packaging. Select one: a. multiple b. handling-improved c. innovative d. category-consistent e. secondary-use

b. Handling-improved.

Flo, the spokesperson in Progressive Insurance TV commercials, is used to symbolize friendliness, reliability, and knowledge of the company's products. The part Flo plays in the promotion is designed to address the _____________ characteristic of services. Select one: a. inseparability b. intangibility c. heterogeneity d. customer service e. perishability

b. Intangibility.

Joe is an athlete who plays a variety of sports that all require various athletic shoes. He has a favorable attitude toward Nike shoes. This favorable attitude is called brand Select one: a. insistence. b. loyalty. c. preference. d. equity. e. recognition.

b. Loyalty.

A brand manager in a multi product firm would be responsible for Select one: a. all products in the brand-line group. b. performance of a specific brand. c. all brands within a product line. d. branding the products of the firm. e. all brands made by the firm.

b. Performance of a specific brand.

Product specifications are best described as Select one: a. defective product return policies. b. physical characteristics and level of quality. c. descriptions of a product. d. comparisons to similar products. e. numbers of quality inspections required.

b. Physical characteristics and level of quality.

In an attempt to attract customers, service marketers often promise great results and satisfaction to customers, but marketers should be careful not to Select one: a. make the appearance of their facilities consistent with their promises to customers. b. promise too much and cause customer expectations beyond what they can deliver. c. deliver on these promises and risk financial losses and the success of the company. d. make the quality of their services too tangible in the eyes of the customer. e. promise less than they can actually deliver and keep customers away.

b. Promise too much and cause customer expectations beyond what they can deliver.

Tara finds evaluating a new pair of jeans much easier than evaluating tennis lessons because she can try on the jeans to see exactly how they feel and fit. In other words, the jeans have many __________ qualities. Select one: a. assurance b. search c. experience d. credence e. intangible

b. Search.

When service companies change high-contact services into low-contact services, the Select one: a. quality of the service declines. b. service becomes less personalized. c. service becomes more expensive to deliver. d. time required to deliver the services increases. e. service becomes less standardized.

b. Service becomes less personalized.

An organization that decides to buy all of a certain part from the same company is using Select one: a. multiple sourcing. b. sole sourcing. c. single-supplier purchasing. d. straight rebuy e. same vendor analysis.

b. Sole sourcing.

Select the true statement concerning test marketing. Select one: a. Large corporations usually launch test-marketing efforts in one small area at a time. b. Test marketing is a limited introduction of the product in areas chosen to represent the intended market. c. Test marketing should be conducted after all the marketing mix variables have been finalized. d. If the product is successful in the test market, then it is ensured of success upon total introduction. e. Test marketing is simply an extension of the screening and developing stages.

b. Test marketing is a limited introduction of the product in areas chosen to represent the intended market.

The group of people within a business who are involved in making business buying decisions is referred to as Select one: a. the new-task team. b. the buying center. c. purchasing agents. d. negotiators. e. deciders.

b. The Buying center.

Why are line extensions more common than new products? Select one: a. Modifications to existing products are very easy. b. They are less expensive and lower-risk. c. They are higher risk and more expensive. d. They are guaranteed to succeed in the marketplace. e. They require no market research.

b. They are less expensive and lower-risk.

The marketing channels for services are usually Select one: a. dependent on the geographical location of the consumer. b. characterized by two to three intermediaries. c. direct from provider to customer. d. complex and multifaceted. e. determined by the customer.

c. Direct from provider to customer.

All of the following are major steps in developing new products except Select one: a. idea generation. b. business analysis. c. evaluation of competitors' efforts. d. test marketing. e. screening.

c. Evaluation of competitors' efforts.

Services have basic characteristics: Intangibility, inseparability of production and consumption, perishability, client-based relationships, customer contact, and Select one: a. specialization. b. labor-intensiveness. c. heterogeneity. d. homogeneity. e. orientation toward value.

c. Heterogeneity.

R. J. Reynolds markets several brands of cigarettes, including Vantage, Camel, Winston, and Salem. This is an example of which type of branding policy? Select one: a. Generic b. Family c. individual d. Brand extension e. Line family

c. Individual.

A customer must have a particular brand and will accept no substitutes. This is termed brand Select one: a. loyalty. b. recognition. c. insistence. d. preference. e. requirement.

c. Insistence.

Assignment of meaning to organized information inputs is called Select one: a. learning. b. redefinition. c. interpretation. d. motivation. e. selection.

c. Interpretation

Our society uses many factors, including occupation, educational level, income, wealth, religion, race, ethnic goupr, and possessions, to group people into Select one: a. attitudinal segments. b. family types. c. social classes. d. geographic regions. e. reference groups.

c. Social classes.

Volkswagen purchases upholstery for the interiors of its vehicles from various suppliers. This upholstery must have a set of characteristics that is expressed by Volkswagen. This set is called Select one: a. product features. b. descriptions. c. specifications. d. criterion. e. purchase requests.

c. Specifications.

In product modification, the first issue to consider is whether Select one: a. modification will make the product more consistent with customers' desires. b. quality is modified. c. the product is modifiable. d. modification will provide greater satisfaction to the consumer. e. existing customers can perceive that a product modification has been made.

c. The product is modifiable.

In the consumer buying decision process, the information search stage Select one: a. involves a buyer becoming aware of the need for a product. b. is not necessary when the buyer is involved in extensive decision making. c. yields a group of brands that a buyer views as possible alternatives. d. is lengthy for routine response buying behavior. e. occurs immediately after evaluation of alternatives.

c. Yields a group of brands that a buyer views as possible alternatives.

Ryan is on his way to work when he realizes he has a flat tire. He swings into Sam's Club and has a new tire installed. Ryan's purchase of a new tire in this situation is considered to be Select one: a. an industrial good b. a shopping good c. a convenience good d. an unsought good e. a specialty good

d. An unsought good.

Which of the following is the fastest growing, most affluent subculture in the United States? Select one: a. Hispanics b. Italian Americans c. African Americans d. Asian Americans e. Native Americans

d. Asian Americans

The three major types of reference groups are: Select one: a. actual, implied, and desired. b. memberships, aspirational, and advocacy. c. family, peer group, and media. d. aspirational, disassociative, and membership e. advocacy, avoidance, and approach.

d. Aspirational, disassociative, and membership

McDonald's golden arches are a classic example of a Select one: a. brand symbol. b. brand name. c. brand. d. brand mark. e. trademark.

d. Brand mark.

Business products are Select one: a. not purchased by non-business organizations. b. purchased for both their functional aspects and their psychological rewards. c. chosen on the basis of preferences expressed by a business procurement department. d. classified according to their characteristics and intended uses. e. purchased for personal consumption.

d. Classified according to their characteristics and intended uses.

The members of a venture team (sometimes referred to as a cross-functional team) come from Select one: a. the marketing department. b. a consulting firm. c. the research and development department. d. different functional areas of an organization. e. the production and finance departments.

d. Different functional areas of an organization.

After purchasing a product, postpurchase evaluation may result in cognitive dissonance. Cognitive dissonance is Select one: a. a function of the manner in which the manufacturer of the product describes its attributes. b. dissatisfaction with the purchase. c. the establishment of criteria for comparing products. d. doubts that occur because the buyer questions whether the decision to purchase the product was right. e. the congruence between external and internal searches for product information.

d. Doubts that occur because the buyer questions whether the decision to purchase the product was right.

During the growth stage of the product life cycle, marketers must Select one: a. raise the price. b. introduce private brands. c. increase promotion as a percentage of sales. d. fortify the product position. e. move to exclusive distribution.

d. Fortify the product position.

The four major stages of a product life cycle include Select one: a. specialty, convenience, shopping, and unsought goods. b. decline, stabilization, exposure, and growth. c. prosperity, recession, depression, and recovery. d. introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. e. awareness, interest, trial, and adoption.

d. Introduction, growth, maturity, and decline.

An attitude is Select one: a. a competence in performing activities. b. an internal trait that makes people unique. c. a person's behavior caused by information and experience. d. one's evaluation, feelings, and behavioral tendencies toward an object or idea. e. a set of actions that a person in a particular position is supposed to perform.

d. One's evaluation, feelings, and behavioral tendencies toward an object or idea.

Bob Denton of Denton Pest Control buys equipment from Allied Tools because Allied hires him to spray its warehouse for insects periodically. This practice is an example of Select one: a. cost-benefit trading. b. modified rebuy purchase. c. cooperative selling. d. reciprocity. e. supplier agreements.

d. Reciprocity.

Which of the following best illustrates how a firm can use a symbol to make an intangible product more tangible? Select one: a. Mercedes Benz emblem b. McDonald's arches c. Nike swoosh d. Traveler's Insurance umbrella e. Arrows on Wrigley gum packages

d. Traveler's insurance umbrella.

During the search for products and evaluating possible suppliers stage of the business buying decision process, marketers sometimes use __________ analysis to examine the quality, design, materials, and possibly item reduction in order to acquire the product in the most cost-effective way. Select one: a. cost b. strategic c. SWOT d. value e. profit

d. Value.

Changing people's attitudes toward a firm and its marketing program is Select one: a. unnecessary, since consumer attitudes are of little importance. b. impossible, even if the firm uses advertisements. c. rarely attempted through the use of marketing practice. d. a long, expensive, and difficult task that may require extensive advertising campaigns. e. simple when advertisements are used.

d. a long, expensive, and difficult task that may require extensive advertising campaigns.

Dannon Yogurt represents what type of product for most consumers? Select one: a. Business b. Shopping c. Durable d. Specialty e. Convenience

e. Convenience.

Who judges service quality? Select one: a. Independent raters b. Employees c. Marketers d. The company e. Customers

e. Customers.

Lysol Basin, Tub, and Tile Cleaner and Lysol Disinfectant Spray exemplify Select one: a. product brand marks. b. wholesaler branding. c. private branding. d. individual branding. e. family branding.

e. Family branding.

Barry Gluckman of WP International, a major marketer of word-processing software, calls the secretary of Renee Dorchette, director of purchasing for MMK, Inc. He sets up an appointment to discuss an upcoming purchase of software. The secretary plays the role of ____________ in this purchase decision. Select one: a. decider b. buying center captain c. order giver d. buyer e. gatekeeper

e. Gatekeeper.

MADD (Mothers Against Drunk Driving) is a nonprofit organization that primarily markets Select one: a. tangible products. b. goods. c. services. d. features. e. ideas.

e. Ideas.

Which one of the following countries will not be included in the data presented in the new industry classification system that is replacing the SIC? Select one: a. United States b. Canada c. Mexico d. All but one NAFTA country e. Japan

e. Japan.

The width of a product mix is measured by the number of product Select one: a. dimensions in the product line. b. features in each brand. c. specialties a company offers. d. items in the product line. e. lines a company offers.

e. Lines a company offers.

Safeway Supermarkets recently placed an order with the Kahn Corporation for hotdogs. The typical weekly order is for 10 cases; however, since the upcoming weekend includes a holiday, this time Safeway is ordering 100 cases of hotdogs. Safeway orders this product on a regular basis. What type of purchase does this week's purchase represent? Select one: a. Institutional b. New-tas c. Repetitive d. standard order. e. modified rebuy.

e. Modified rebuy.

As Lisa eats her morning bowl of Golden Grahams cereal, she reads about the calories, fats, carbohydrates, and vitamins she is ingesting. This information is required by the Select one: a. Nutritional Content Disclosure Act. b. Food and Drug Administration. c. Fair Packaging and Labeling Act. d. Federal Trade Commission. e. Nutrition Labeling Act.

e. Nutrition Labeling Act.

As Brianna walks to classes, she selects, organizes, and interprets the sensations she is receiving through her sense organs. Brianna is experiencing the process of Select one: a. motivation. b. learning. c. exposure. d. attitude formation. e. perception.

e. Perception