MKT 305 Final Exam

Brands that we closely link to our rituals are called ________ brands; once they become imbedded in our rituals we are unlikely to replace them.

fortress

All of the following are important components of social class EXCEPT for ________.

gender

A set of socially relevant nodes connected by one or more relations is called a social ________.

network

________ usually dictate what is right and wrong, acceptable or unacceptable.

norms

Culture is best described as a society's ________.

personality

Jim Smith, Don Carson, and Jeff Sweeney are all 54 years old, so they can be sorted into ________.

an age cohort

According to Pierre Bourdieu, people's taste regarding entertainment and the arts serves as a status-making force or ________ that causes consumption preferences to cluster together.

habitus

Japan is a very tightly knit culture with rich history and social identification. In this culture, people tend to infer meanings that go beyond the spoken word. This classifies Japan as a ________ culture.

high-context

A tendency for people to marry in a social class similar to their own is called ________.

homogamy

Anna and David both have the same college degree, belong to the same social class, and attend the same church. This situation illustrates ________.

homophily

Which functional area of culture is most closely related to the idea of a common worldview?

ideology

One percenters are an example of ________.

income inequality

cultural system

interaction of different elements of culture.

sacralization

involved the establishment of a hierarchy of cultural products and spaces

All of the following are subsystems in a culture production system EXCEPT a ________ subsystem.

marketing

________ is a myth that explains the origins of existence.

metaphysical

negative WOM

more emotional in nature, is associated with dissatisfaction and is almost twice as likely to influence the receiver's opinion of the firm.

A nuclear family consists of ________.

a mother, a father, and at least one child

monomorphic (opinion leaders)

a person that is an opinion leader in one field may be a follower in another field

The Fashion System

concept that embraces not only the business of fashion but also the art and craft of fashion, and not only production but also consumption

cultural movement

identifying a powerful idea on the rise in culture; then add value through innovative marketing and social media

________ refers to the strategy of getting visitors to a Web site to forward information on the site of their friends in order to make more consumers aware of a product.

viral marketing

Consumers who buy everything in sight are called ________.

spendthrifts

A ________ is defined as a group whose members share beliefs and common experiences that set them apart from others.

subculture

"big three" American ethnic subcultures

African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Asian Americans

________ group members tend to be tightly knit, and they infer meaning that goes beyond the spoken word.

High-content culture

The pressure to conform that escalates as more and more group members "cave in" is called ________.

bandwagon

The systematic acquisition of a particular object or set of objects is called ________.

collecting

Marketing to different religions

companies have to be scrupulous and almost methodical with how they target customers, to avoid segregation of potential clients and also to provide maximum affect to influence them to purchase their product

John Jones purchases products to show visible evidence of his ability to afford luxury goods, John is practicing ________.

conspicuous consumption

It is quite common for mainstream culture to modify symbols identified with "cutting edge" subcultures and present these to a larger audience. Such cultural products undergo a process of ________, by which their original meanings are transformed by outsiders.

cooptation

Money available to a household over and above what is required to have a comfortable standard of living is called ________.

discretionary income

A(n) ________ is an actual or imaginary individual or group conceived of having significant relevance upon an individual's evaluations, aspirations, or behavior.

reference group

In general, advertising is more effective when it ________ than when it ________.

reinforces our existing product preferences; tries to create new product preferences

profane consumption

related to events that are a part of everyday life

sacred consumption

related to special events that are out of the ordinary (e.g., holidays, rites of passage, religious events)

The lack of marketing information about religion is primarily due to ________.

religion being somewhat of a taboo subject among researchers

A set of multiple symbolic behaviors that occur in a fixed sequence and tend to be repeated is called a ________.

ritual

Wedding rice, birthday candles, and diplomas are considered ________.

ritual artifacts

high culture

set of cultural products held in the highest esteem by a culture

When a Rolls-Royce, a Cartier diamond, and an Andy Warhol painting are bought and displayed as markers of social class, they are ________.

status symbols

Meagan is planning her wedding and wants everything to be just right. Because she feels overwhelmed by all of the information to sort through and the choices to make, she hires a wedding planner to make many of the decisions and purchases for her. Meagan's wedding planner is best described as a(n) ________.

surrogate consumer

global consumer culture

system in which consumption, a set of behaviors found in all times and places, is dominated by the consumption of commercial products.

When people are differentiated in terms of their aesthetic and intellectual preferences, a ________ is being applied.

taste culture

An extended family unit is characterized by ________ living together.

three generations of a family

polymorphic (opinion leaders)

able to influence others in a broad range of domains

The process of movement and adaption to one country's cultural environment by a person from another country is called ________.

acculturation

People and institutions that teach the ways of a culture are called ________.

acculturation agents

A component of a person's subculture is ________.

all of the above

Which term refers to exchanges of resources, information, or influence among members of networks?

flows

low culture

less well-educated or the masses, encompassing such things as gossip magazines, reality television, popular music, yellow journalism, escapist fiction, and camp

Individuals with the ability to influence others' attributes or behaviors are considered ________.

opinion leaders

The ability of a person to pass from one social class to another is called ________.

social mobility

buzz building/marketing

viral marketing technique that is focused on maximizing the word-of-mouth potential of a particular campaign or product, whether that is through conversations among consumers' family and friends or larger scale discussions on social media platforms.

Sophie tells Nick about a great new restaurant. Sophie is practicing ________.

word-of-mouth communication