MKT 3411 Final
A typical antecedent state that a consumer might experience as he or she approaches the purchase environment is ________. A) time pressure B) sales interactions C) product disposal D) point-of-purchase stimuli
A
According to a major study of more than 1,000 commercials, the single most important factor in whether a commercial will be persuasive is whether the communication ________. A) stresses a unique attribute or benefit of the product B) employs a sexual symbol or suggestion C) provides specific price information D) features a credible spokesperson
A
According to the ________ hierarchy, the consumer considers purchases based on an attitude of hedonic consumption (such as how the product makes him or her feel or the fun its use will provide). A) experiential B) habitual C) low-involvement D) standard learning
A
Approximately 60% of Hispanic Americans are of ________ descent. A) Mexican B) Puerto Rican C) South American D) Dominican
A
Despite improvements to the Fishbein model, all of the following are considered obstacles to predicting behavior using this model EXCEPT which one? A) The model has relatively weak theorems about attitudes. B) The model deals with actual behavior, not with the outcomes of behavior. C) Some behavioral outcomes are beyond the consumer's control. D) Measures of attitude often do not correspond to the behavior they are supposed to predict
A
Do sex-related ads work? Which of the following best answers this question? A) Overall, the use of a strong sexual appeal is not very well received. B) They outperform all other appeal formats. C) They are most effective when they attempt to "trick" the consumer into paying attention. D) There is no data to answer the question.
A
Gen Yers are most comfortable in a ________, communicating by texting and IMing. A) thumb culture B) tween market C) gray market D) renaissance culture
A
If a consumer admires the qualities of another person and copies his or her behaviors, the person that is copied is said to have ________ power. A) referent B) informational C) legitimate D) coercive
A
Jeff had collected a nice wardrobe before graduating from college. All of his friends considered him "well dressed." After the first day at his new job, however, Jeff immediately went out and replaced most of his clothes with what was considered to be professional dress clothing. Jeff had just experienced the power of a new ________. A) reference group B) information cascade C) avoidance group D) brand community
A
Jenny just posted a tweet on Twitter about how much she loves a new movie. Jenny has potentially influenced others with ________. A) word-of-mouth B) C2C marketing C) trickle-across promotion D) viral marketing
A
M-commerce most likely takes place through ________. A) cell phones B) billboards C) radio satellite D) TV
A
Most Americans will state that they are always rushed for time even though many people have opportunities for leisure. This perception is referred to as ________. A) time poverty B) the leisure paradox C) psychological time D) circular time
A
Most messages merely present one or more positive attributes about a product or reasons to buy it. Which of the following best describes this approach to communicating a message? A) supportive arguments B) countervailing arguments C) refutational arguments D) direct arguments
A
Others who are present in a consumer's physical and social environment when purchases are made are called ________. A) co-consumers B) by-standers C) purchase competitors D) challengers
A
Physically attractive people are perceived as smarter, cooler, and happier than average people. These perceptions are a result of a ________. A) halo effect B) principle of cognitive dissonance C) balance theory D) self-perception theory
A
Researchers agree that there are various levels of commitment to an attitude. The highest level of involvement is ________. A) internalization B) identification C) compliance D) actualization
A
Shoppers on Amazon.com can search for products using words like "must read" and "girl power." These categorizations are based on a ________. A) folksonomy B) taxonomy C) genre D) milieu
A
The ________ function of attitudes applies when a person is in an ambiguous situation and needs order, structure, or meaning. A) knowledge B) utilitarian C) value-expressive D) ego-defensive
A
The balance theory perspective involves relations among three elements (a triad). Which of the following is one of the elements of the triad? A) a person and his or her perceptions B) the marketer and its strategy of image building C) a person's beliefs D) subconscious motives
A
The importance of weak ties in a social system is demonstrated by their ________. A) bridging function B) social contagion C) momentum effect D) diffusion of responsibility
A
What statement best describes what Coffee-Mate discovered about African-American coffee drinkers? A) They tend to drink coffee with cream and sugar. B) They tend to drink coffee black. C) They tend to drink instant coffee. D) They tend to drink tea instead of coffee.
A
When a buying center composed of assorted specialists is organized to gather information and evaluate possible purchases in a high-risk situation, the strategy in use is most likely ________. A) new task B) straight rebuy C) modified rebuy D) innovative rebuy
A
When product information is transmitted from individual to individual it is best known as ________. A) word-of-mouth B) C2C C) trickle-across D) viral marketing
A
Which of the following is the WEAKEST argument against using ethnic symbolism in marketing messages? A) Few ethnic subcultures today have powerful stereotypes the general public associates with them. B) Members of ethnic subcultures have increasing economic power. C) Symbols that once seemed acceptable may come to be seen as negative. D) Marketers may not understand possible negative interpretations of ethnic symbolism.
A
Which of the following statements most accurately defines homophily? A) Homophily is the degree to which a pair of individuals is similar in terms of education, social status, and beliefs. B) Homophily is the degree to which a pair of individuals is similar in terms of monetary wealth and lifestyle. C) Homophily is the degree to which a pair of individuals is similar in terms of ethnicity. D) Homophily is the degree to which a pair of individuals is similar in terms of sexual
A
Which theory of attitudes states that people are motivated to take action to resolve inconsistencies between attitudes and behaviors? A) theory of cognitive dissonance B) self-perception theory C) social judgment theory D) balance theory
A
A ________ is a very short-lived fashion. A) trend B) fad C) classic D) style
B
A ________ is defined as a group whose members share beliefs and common experiences that set them apart from others. A) culture B) subculture C) microculture D) cohort
B
A marketing manager who wants to identify opinion leaders for her product category should do which of the following? A) She should find government officials who use the product. B) She should find socially active persons who are very interested in the product category. C) She should find intellectuals who can write academic papers about the product category. D) She should look for people who rely on reward power to develop interest in a product.
B
A society that expects males to pursue ________ goals stresses male self-assertion and mastery. A) communal B) agentic C) androgynous D) self-completion
B
A sociometric network analysis is likely to study all of the following EXCEPT which one? A) referral behavior B) the use of surrogate consumers C) the tie strength between members of a network D) communication in social systems
B
A store environment that has been made to resemble a living room where customers can relax, hang out with friends, or even learn is referred to as a(n) ________. A) marketscape B) being space C) mindscape D) activity space
B
According to the ________ perspective, under the right circumstances a group of people is smarter than the smartest people within the group. A) mere exposure phenomenon B) wisdom of crowds C) deindividuation D) normative influence
B
According to the two-factor theory, the net effect of being exposed repeatedly to the same message is a combination of ________. A) argument and counter-argument B) learning and tedium C) compliance and non-compliance D) affect and cognition
B
An active attempt to change attitudes is called ________. A) behavior modification B) persuasion C) communication D) cognition
B
Do fear appeal ads work? Which of the following best answers this question? A) They work well if the threat is very weak. B) They work if the threat is moderate and when a solution to the problem is presented. C) They work if the threat is high and vividly elaborated. D) There is no data to answer the question.
B
Every summer, thousands of bikers converge on Sturgis, South Dakota, filling up every campground, motel, and hotel within miles of the city. This annual meeting is an example of a gathering of a(n) ________. A) normative clan B) consumer tribe C) maven network D) aspirational group
B
Experts that are specialized in a limited number of topics are called ________. A) market mavens B) monomorphic C) polymorphic D) generalized
B
Fashion refers to ________. A) the process of social diffusion by which a new style is adopted by some consumer groups B) a particular combination of attributes within a style, trend, or fad C) being positively evaluated by some reference group D) rejecting the norm and pushing for newness
B
Hillary is a typical teenager. She sees and hears ads all the time. Most of the time they are pretty good, but some ads have a trait that really bothers her. What is that trait most likely to be? A) ads that focus on product features B) ads that talk down to her C) humorous product ads D) lengthy product ads
B
In a(n) ________ culture, members of the culture tend to be closely knit and infer meanings beyond the spoken word. A) acculturated B) high-context C) ethnic D) low-context
B
In advertising terms, a(n) ________ refers to a view or exposure to an advertising message. A) node B) impression C) connection D) reference
B
In the communications model, the element in which the message originates is the ________. A) medium B) source C) message D) consumer
B
Manuel still remembers the impact of his first college class in the United States. As a new immigrant, he was sincere in his desire to learn about the American culture that he had chosen to adopt. His college professor taught Manuel about the ways of the U.S. culture. In doing so, the professor was acting as a(n) ________. A) cohort B) acculturation agent C) guidance agent D) ethnographer
B
Many societies, such as the United States, have a tendency to expect women to pursue ________ goals and men to pursue ________ goals. A) extended self; self-completion B) communal; agentic C) social class; self-congruence D) androgynous; hierarchical
B
Marketers must know the needs and wants of their customers. Which of the following presents the most accurate picture of the typical elderly consumer today? A) Most are old, infirm, depressed, stay-at-home people who live a hand-to-mouth existence. B) Most are active, interested in what life has to offer, and are enthusiastic consumers with the means and willingness to buy many goods and services. C) Most live with their children, have little savings, and have an increasingly difficult time adjusting to the changing technical world around them. D) Most have refused government support and don't trust anyone under 60.
B
Meagan is planning her wedding and wants everything to be just right, from the invitations and table settings to the ceremony and music selections. Because she feels overwhelmed by all of the information to sort through and the choices to make, she hires a wedding planner to make many of the decisions and purchases for her. Meagan's wedding planner is best described as a(n) ________. A) innovative communicator B) surrogate consumer C) opinion seeker D) key informant
B
On Flickr, shared photos represent the ________ which is the basis for the network. A) tie strength B) social object C) node D) graph
B
One of the most important in-store factors is the salesperson. This influence can be understood in terms of ________ theory, which stresses that each participant gives something to the other and hopes to receive something in return. A) gestalt B) exchange C) gemba D) satisfaction/dissatisfaction
B
Opinion leaders are more influential when they are ________. A) much different than the people being influenced B) quite similar to the people being influenced C) older than the average consumer D) wealthier than most consumers
B
Opinion leaders who are also early purchasers of a product are called ________. A) early adopters B) innovative communicators C) newbies D) generalized opinion leaders
B
Peggy Simmons has a tough assignment. She is to live in Japan for the next five years and successfully introduce her company's line of cosmetics to the Japanese woman. Her company's management hopes that living in an average neighborhood, commuting to work every day, eating native food, and speaking Japanese will help Peggy involve herself in the society more quickly than if she stayed separate from her hosts. The company's management wants Peggy to use the ________ model. A) life course paradigm B) progressive learning C) warming D) consumer identity renaissance
B
Public hearings are being held to discuss whether a new nuclear power plant should be built. An expert on nuclear plants testifies that modern safeguards make the plant secure from dangerous accidents. A local woman states that she knows nothing about nuclear power, but the idea of having a plant nearby frightens her and her children. Which of the two parties has the most immediate ability to change attitudes of the audience? Considering the sleeper effect, what will likely happen over time? A) The expert will have the most ability to change attitudes, and his influence will be maintained even weeks later. B) The expert will have the most ability to change attitudes, but his influence will decrease over time as the woman's argument gains force. C) Because the local woman is most like the other people in the meeting, her opinion will have the most immediate influence, but over time the expert's opinion will gain force. D) The woman's opinion will be more likely to influence the audience initially, and her influence will extend into the future.
B
Recent research on opinion leadership has called into question the traditional view that there are ________ opinion leaders. A) heterophilous B) generalized C) polymorphic D) monomorphic
B
Researchers believe that the American gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgendered (GLBT) market is about the same size as the ________ population in the United States. A) African American B) Asian American C) Hispanic D) Native American
B
Researchers have added to the original Fishbein multiattribute model. The name of this extended-Fishbein model is the ________. A) linked Fishbein model B) theory of reasoned action C) Phillips approach D) subjective norm model
B
Researchers measure ________ on dimensions that include "feel-age" and "look-age." A) chronological age B) perceived age C) age cohort D) social age
B
Some theorists have proposed a model that focuses on studying consumer goals as a way to explore attitude formation. According to this model, what consumers believe they have to do to attain their goals would also be part of any evaluation of attitudes. Which of the following theories would be most closely linked to the statements above? A) theory of reasoned action B) theory of trying C) theory of direct response D) rejection theory
B
Source ________ refers to the message source's perceived social value. A) valence B) attractiveness C) class D) hierarchy
B
The ________ influence is the reference group influence that helps the consumer make decisions about specific brands or activities. A) normative B) comparative C) selective D) coercive
B
The ________ route to persuasion is taken when the receiver is not really motivated to think about the arguments made in a communication message. A) central B) peripheral C) dual D) subconscious
B
The capacity to alter the actions of others is referred to as ________ power. A) publicity B) social C) second-order D) behavioral
B
The cohort of consumers born between 1965 and 1985 has been labeled ________, or "baby busters." A) Silent Generation B) Generation X C) Generation Y D) Generation Z
B
The cultural learning acquired through ________ leads immigrants to a process of adaptation. A) maintenance B) translation C) resistance D) segregation
B
The functional theory of attitudes was initially developed to explain how ________. A) people identify with products B) attitudes facilitate social behavior C) attitudes are learned from family and friends D) attitudes change over an individual's lifetime
B
The popularity of the movie The Passion of the Christ, the book The Da Vinci Code, and the play The Book of Mormon are evidence of which of the following? A) Megachurches are now more powerful than small, community-based churches. B) Religion can be effectively used by mainstream marketers. C) Born-Again Christians are the primary religious market in the United States. D) Church leaders can effectively encourage and discourage the consumption practices of their followers.
B
The pressure to conform that escalates as more and more group members "cave in" is called the ________ effect. A) polarization B) bandwagon C) loafing D) homophily
B
The process whereby a product formerly associated with a specific ethnic group is detached from its roots and marketed to other subcultures is called ________. A) de-alienation B) deethnicization C) de-immigration D) deculturization
B
The psychological dimension of time or how it is experienced is an important factor in what mathematical study? A) polychronic activity B) queuing theory C) temporal tasking D) physical metrics
B
The source of a message has an impact on whether the message will be accepted or not. Two particularly important source characteristics are ________. A) culture and ethnicity B) credibility and attractiveness C) credibility and recency D) attractiveness and recency
B
The theory of cognitive dissonance is based on the ________. A) knowledge function B) principle of cognitive consistency C) principle of cognitive-affect conflict D) self-identification function
B
What do the "A, B, Cs" of the ABC model of attitudes stand for? A) attitude, business, and consumption B) affect, behavior, and cognition C) assumptions, best practices, conditions D) approval, behavior, context
B
Which job role best fits the definition of a surrogate consumer? A) physician B) interior decorator C) physical trainer D) psychologist
B
Which of the following attitude functions is associated with a focus on particular social identities and lifestyles (e.g., "What sort of man reads Playboy?")? A) utilitarian B) value-expressive C) ego-defensive D) knowledge
B
Which of the following theoretical models measures attitude toward the act of buying (Aact), rather than the attitude toward only the product itself? A) the theory of cognitive dissonance B) the theory of reasoned action C) the balance theory D) the theory of trying
B
________ is the conscious designing of retail space and its various dimensions to evoke certain effects in buyers. A) Pretailing B) Atmospherics C) Market-landscaping D) Store image
B
________ means that the person who is least interested in staying in the relationship has the most power. A) Social loafing B) Principle of least interest C) Responsibility diffusion D) Commitment
B
80% of brand mentions online are made by just 6.2% of social media users. Forrester Research calls these influencers ________. A) salespeople B) power users C) mass connectors D) mass networker
C
A ________ includes a buyer, a seller, a product or service and other factors, such as how the physical environment makes one feel. A) postpurchase process B) purchase process C) consumption situation D) psychological situation
C
A ________ innovation is a new product that creates major changes in the way we live. A) globally continuous B) continuous C) discontinuous D) dynamically continuous
C
A ________ is that part of the self that our group membership defines. A) culture B) subculture C) social identity D) cohort
C
A marketing study found that respondents believed that a dark-haired model would be more effective in selling gold jewelry than a blond-haired model would be if the dark-haired model was not perceived to be ethnic. What two ideas of using celebrities as communication sources are most likely to be at work here? A) Celebrities should be attractive, but not too attractive. B) The celebrity's image should match that of the product, and blond-haired models are too common for the exclusive image of gold. C) The celebrity's image should match that of the product and should embody cultural meaning. D) The celebrity's image should embody cultural meanings that contrast with the product's cultural stereotypic image.
C
A politician attempts to gain support for her campaign for mayor by releasing a poll showing that almost 70 percent of the city's voters support her position on property taxes. What basic psychological principle is the politician using to persuade voters that she should be the next mayor? A) consistency B) authority C) consensus D) liking
C
A study found that women who engage in extensive information search and comparison shopping were most likely to select which of the following metaphors to express their perspective of time? A) Time is a pressure cooker. B) Time is a river. C) Time is a map. D) Time is a feast.
C
A(n) ________ is an actual or imaginary individual or group conceived of having significant relevance upon an individual's evaluations, aspirations, or behavior. A) opinion group B) demographic group C) reference group D) focus group
C
Advertising to teens typically depicts ________. A) respected adults recommending the product B) qualified experts explaining product benefits C) a group of "in" teens using the product D) family members using the product together
C
Chet meets each Wednesday night at his local bookstore with a small group of computer enthusiasts. The group calls itself X-Hackers because at one time all of these select members were hackers. Today, members of the group have similar values and have pledged to stop computer hacking. Which membership group factor best describes what brings this group together? A) propinquity B) mere exposure C) group cohesiveness D) avoidance
C
Experts who are knowledgeable in several fields are called ________. A) market mavens B) monomorphic C) polymorphic D) generalized
C
Immigrants who exhibit ________ live and shop in places physically separated from mainstream Anglo consumers. A) warming B) adaptation C) segregation D) movement
C
James is known as a techie. He is the go-to source for his friends when it comes to recommendations on the best in the latest electronics. James is most likely a(n) ________. A) fashionista B) market maven C) opinion leader D) referent
C
Kanisha is confronted with a strange set of products during her most recent visit to the cosmetics counter at her favorite department store. Urban Grunge nail polish is "hot, hot, hot" according to recent ads. Kanisha likes the idea of a new nail polish but is unsure about the image that might be projected by the dull colors of the nail polish line. With such names as Street Slime, Garbage Goo, and Trash Can, caution might be the right move. Which of the following attitude functions most closely matches Kanisha's purchase decision? A) utilitarian function B) elaboration function C) ego-defensive function D) knowledge function
C
Members of a social network are called ________. A) followers B) friends C) nodes D) modules
C
On Big Bang Theory, Sheldon Cooper plays a ________ expert with knowledge in topics ranging from flag history to string theory. A) market mavens B) monomorphic C) polymorphic D) generalized
C
People who supply online product reviews are called ________. A) media recipients B) media broadcasters C) brand advocates D) folksonomists
C
Rick Tuan has a unique problem. He must persuade a good friend to stop smoking. He knows that if he just says "Quit," his message will be rejected. Instead, Rick chooses to offer a ________ message in which he presents the positives and negatives of quitting smoking. He feels sure that this approach will have a greater likelihood of success with his friend. A) supportive B) low-involvement C) two-sided D) refutational
C
Several research methods are used to study reference groups and opinion leadership. ________ methods trace communication patterns among members of a group. These techniques allow researchers to systematically map out the interactions that take place among group members. A) Momentum B) Behavioral C) Sociometric D) Geodemographic
C
Shannon Reeves and Tish Phillips remember their experiences with student protests in the 1960s. Shannon remembers seeing Jimi Hendrix at Woodstock, and Tish remembers burning her bra in front of the central administration building at Yale. These memories about cultural heroes and events are one of the chief characteristics of an age ________. A) paradigm B) renaissance C) cohort D) perception
C
Simi Ghandi is never quite sure which brand of gum to buy. She tries some, likes some, and rejects some. However, through a process of behavioral learning she does remember those brands that taste good and make her mouth feel fresh. The problem is that she cannot often remember the brands that are not so good and often repeats purchasing mistakes. "Oh well," says Simi, "gum buying is not that big of a deal anyway." Which of the following hierarchies would best describe Simi's situation? A) standard learning hierarchy B) experiential hierarchy C) low-involvement hierarchy D) habit hierarchy
C
The Berry and Dale advertising agency has proposed a new campaign for Bayer Aspirin to overcome the public's tendency to "tune out" Bayer commercials. The proposed technique involves creating ten different 15-second spots that all demonstrate reasons for using Bayer Aspirin. Which of the following theories of message communication is the agency trying to account for in its proposal for Bayer Aspirin? A) the trait-factor theory B) the balanced communication theory C) the two-factor theory D) the theory of reasoned action
C
The World Gold Council recently launched the "Lost Ring Hunt" with a billboard in Times Square announcing that a woman lost her gold wedding band. Viewers of the ad are encouraged to follow Twitter to discover clues that will help them find the lost ring. The first person to identify the location of the ring will win a cash prize and a trip to New York City. The "Lost Ring Hunt" is an example of a(n) ________. A) virtual world B) widget C) alternate reality game D) broadcast medium
C
The ________ a group is, the more likely members are to engage in social loafing. A) more homogeneous B) smaller C) bigger D) less homogeneous
C
The ________ hierarchy assumes the consumer does not initially have a strong preference for one brand over another. Instead, a consumer acts on the basis of limited knowledge and then forms an evaluation only after the product has been purchased or used. A) experiential B) habitual C) low-involvement D) standard learning
C
The first thing D'Andrea was asked when she went to work for an advertising firm is how marketing promotions to African-Americans should differ from marketing promotions to Caucasians. What is the best advice D'Andrea could give her new employer? A) Separate advertisements to this ethnic subculture are never done and should not be considered. B) All promotions to this ethnic subculture should be distinct from promotions to other ethnic groups. C) The African-American market is hardly as homogeneous as many believe, and many differences between black and white markets may not be real. D) All promotions to African-Americans have to take into account the market's income, which has been declining drastically over the last two decades.
C
The perception of time is different in different cultures. It would likely be most accepted for employees to be paid by the hour in a culture with which of the following perceptions of time? A) river B) map C) pressure cooker D) mirror
C
The title of a popular book once proclaimed that Real Men Don't Eat Quiche. Products that take on masculine or feminine attributes are said to be ________. A) agentic B) sexually explicit C) sex-typed D) androgynous
C
What is the first step in the standard learning hierarchy approach? A) affect B) intentions C) cognition D) behavior
C
Which American ethnic subculture is most likely the fastest growing? A) Hispanic American B) African American C) Asian American D) American Indian
C
Which American subculture is most likely to hold technology jobs and purchase high-tech gadgets? A) African American B) Hispanic American C) Asian American D) Arab American
C
Which dimension of psychological time includes the categorization of "time for me"? A) temporal orientation dimension B) planning orientation dimension C) social dimension D) polychronic dimension
C
Which of the following best describes the findings of research on using two-sided messages to communicate with consumers? A) Two-sided messages are widely used and are very effective in reaching target audiences. B) Two-sided messages are cost-prohibitive. C) Two-sided messages can be quite effective, yet marketers rarely use them. D) Two-sided messages are no different from one-sided messages and are used equally by marketers.
C
Which of the following is an unpleasant psychological state? A) density B) arousal C) crowding D) expectancy
C
Which of the following is considered a postpurchase process? A) the shopping experience B) mood C) consumer satisfaction D) shopping orientation
C
Which of the following statements about teenagers is most likely true? A) Teenagers are rarely considered a relevant age segment for marketers. B) Most primitive cultures isolate teenagers as they transition to adulthood. C) The term teenager entered the general American vocabulary in the 1950s. D) The term teenager began to be used in Western cultures about 200 years ago.
C
Which theory of attitudes assumes that people assimilate new information about attitude objects in light of what they already know and feel, using an initial attitude as a frame of reference to categorize new information? A) theory of cognitive dissonance B) multiattribute theory C) social judgment theory D) self-perception theory
C
Wynona was impulsive. Her friends accused her of being calculating, but she thought of herself as simply an analytical thinker. She wanted what she wanted and tomorrow could take care of itself. Researchers would classify her as being a hedonic variety-seeker. Which of the following time metaphors would best capture Wynona's perspective of time? A) Time is a pressure cooker. B) Time is a map. C) Time is a feast. D) Time is a mirror.
C
________ refers to a strategy in which a message compares two or more specifically named or recognizably presented brands and evaluates them in terms of one or more specific attributes. A) Cognitive differentiation B) Emotional appeal C) Comparative advertising D) Conclusion advertising
C
A company wants to persuade a customer to buy its products. If the consumer is characterized as having a high degree of involvement with products that are sold by the company, what route to persuasion will the company most likely take? A) a parallel route B) a peripheral route C) a circular route D) a central route
D
A coupon-dispensing machine in a grocery aisle and an employee handing out free samples of a new product are both examples of ________. A) pretailing B) retail theming C) shopping orientations D) POP stimuli
D
A(n) ________ is a lasting, general evaluation of people (including oneself), objects, advertisements, or issues. A) principle B) belief C) theory D) attitude
D
A(n) ________ is a marketing intermediary retained by a consumer to guide what that consumer buys. A) market maven B) opinion leader C) power user D) surrogate consumer
D
According to a study on timestyles, which of the following is a fast country? A) Syria B) Mexico C) Brazil D) Ireland
D
According to the Fishbein model, one of the components of attitude is the ________ people have about an Ao. A) salient beliefs B) subconscious beliefs C) latitude of acceptance D) latitude of rejection
D
According to the basic ABC model of attitudes, ________ refers to the beliefs a consumer has about an attitude object. A) affect B) conditions C) approval D) cognition
D
According to the consumer behavior model presented in the text, the ________ includes the shopping experience, point-of-purchase stimuli, and sales interactions. A) antecedent state B) postpurchase process C) cognitive process D) purchase environment
D
All multiattribute attitude models specify the importance of three elements. Two of those elements are attributes and beliefs. What is the third element? A) action variables B) motivations C) recency of events D) importance weights
D
Demographically, which of the following are the two most important characteristics of the Hispanic American market? A) It is a mature group with money to spend. B) It is a young group that prefers to live in rural areas. C) It is a mature group that is now almost totally bilingual. D) It is a young group with families that tend to be large in size.
D
Elements in television commercials have positive and negative effects. Which of the following characteristics is most likely to have a positive effect? A) extensive information about components, ingredients, or nutrition B) an outdoor setting with the message as part of the setting C) a large number of on-screen characters D) demonstration of product in use
D
Elizabeth created a print ad in which the coach of a football team was shown standing out in the middle of a hay field. The text read, "UNR's Coach Roberts . . . outstanding in his field." Elizabeth was using a literary device called ________. A) metaphor B) simile C) allegory D) resonance
D
If you were a person born between 1946 and 1964, you would be called a ________. A) Baby Boomlet B) Baby Buster C) War Baby D) Baby Boomer
D
In Canada, product instructions and identifications are written in English and French. To reach the most customers, the same instructions in the United States should be written in English and ________. A) French B) German C) Mandarin D) Spanish
D
In general, advertising is more effective when it ________ than when it ________. A) tries to create new product preferences; reinforces our existing product preferences B) reinforces our existing product preferences; tries to create new product preferences C) relies upon word-of-mouth tactics; relies upon viral marketing tactics D) relies upon viral marketing tactics; relies upon word-of-mouth tactics
D
In the diffusion of innovation process, which group is very slow to adopt new products and constitutes one-sixth of the population? A) innovators B) early adopters C) late adopters D) laggards
D
Innovative merchants have turned to retail theming to provide new ways to stimulate and encourage consumers during their shopping experience. A retailer that uses a simulated outdoor environment (such as a fishing pond with real fish) to attract outdoor enthusiasts to the retail store is using a ________ theme. A) marketscape B) cyberspace C) mindscape D) landscape
D
Jane is a Baby Boomer. How is Jane most likely to be different from her mother when her mother was 60 years old? A) Jane is going to have fewer resources for retirement than did her mother. B) Jane will think of herself as being much older than her mother did at the same age. C) Jane will no longer be interested in youthful styles, while her mother was likely to retain such interests. D) Jane is much more likely to be physically active than her mother was at the same age.
D
Members of which of the following age cohorts are part of today's gray market? A) Generation Z B) Generation Y C) Generation X D) The War Baby Generation
D
People and institutions that teach the ways of a culture are called ________. A) progressive learning models B) ethnography facilitators C) host cultures D) acculturation agents
D
Product information that is transmitted by individuals to individuals is called ________. A) independent analysis B) product shuffle C) reactance formation D) word-of-mouth
D
Reference groups influence us in three ways. These influences include informational, utilitarian, and ________ dimensions. A) reputational B) descriptive C) knowledge D) value-expressive
D
Roger was really angry when Coca-Cola attempted to switch from its older formula to New Coke. He wrote letters to Coca-Cola, talked to friends, called the local bottler, attempted to hoard "old Coke," and complained to the local grocery store manager. In this example, which degree of commitment would be most closely associated with Roger and his attitudes? A) compliance B) identification C) information acquisition D) internalization
D
Social networking is an integral part of what many call ________, which is characterized by interactive platforms that foster the creation of communities. A) the virtual world B) the mega Web C) the inner Web D) Web 2.0
D
The day reconstruction method requires a respondent to ________. A) dispose of any unused product during a specified period of time B) keep a record of everything he or she recycled during the month C) try to remember what he or she did a month ago on the same day of the week D) keep a diary of everything he or she did during the day
D
The fine line between familiarity and boredom has been explained by the ________, which proposes that two separate psychological processes are operating when a person is repeatedly exposed to an ad. A) balance theory B) repetition theory C) halo theory D) two-factor theory
D
The lack of marketing information about religion is most likely due to ________. A) the small number of people who are influenced in the marketplace by religious issues B) the dollar value of the Christian market being very low C) traditional bigotry toward religion D) the subject being taboo among researchers
D
The opinion leader referred to as a(n) ________ is actively involved in transmitting marketplace information of all types. A) surrogate consumer B) innovator C) monomorphic leader D) market maven
D
Through the process of ________, immigrants make the unfamiliar familiar by integrating symbols from their former lives into their new homes. A) assimilation B) maintenance C) resistance D) warming
D
What does the sleeper effect suggest about source credibility? A) If a receiver is not paying attention, a message cannot be effective. B) Many people can learn the important parts of a message even when asleep. C) The effectiveness of a message will increase over time. D) The effectiveness of positive sources over negative sources can be erased over time.
D
What form of marketing is based on the premise that a marketer will be much more successful when he communicates with consumers who have already agreed to listen to him? A) segmented marketing B) behavioral targeting C) e-commerce marketing D) permission marketing
D
What is a major difference between a Generation Y and a Generation X consumer? A) Generation Y is more alienated from traditional culture than Generation X and is reached with more cynical promotional themes. B) There are so many more members of Generation X than Generation Y that promoters use more mass communications with the Gen Xers and fewer one-on-one promotions. C) There are no basic differences except what would be expected by their age differences. D) Proportionally, less tobacco and alcohol will be purchased and consumed by Generation Y members than the Generation X cohort.
D
Which theory of attitudes assumes that people use observations of their own behavior to determine what their attitudes are? A) theory of cognitive dissonance B) balance theory C) social judgment theory D) self-perception theory
D
Word-of-mouth communication about products is thought to be influential because it is perceived as ________. A) being more reliable B) coming from a trustworthy source C) having more social pressure to conform associated with it D) all of the above
D
________ buyers are people who purchase goods and services on behalf of companies for use in the process of manufacturing, distribution, or resale. A) Individual B) Consumer C) Global D) Organizational
D
________ refers to the possession of both masculine and feminine traits. A) Heterosexuality B) Homosexuality C) Dysmorphia D) Androgyny
D
