MNGT exam 4 Cengage

You have to decide whether Ashley is at fault for mediocre performance last week as measured by customer ratings. In which situation should you assume that Ashley is responsible for the less-than-desirable performance?

Other employees on your team performed better than Ashley. The customer ratings for Ashley were similar to those she earned in the past when she worked third shift.

Aurelio likes to start projects, but he rarely completes them. His manager is always complaining about Aurelio, because he does not follow through. At the first sign of a problem, he quits and moves on to another project.

Low Conscientiousness

Hireology encourages employees to spend a percentage of their working time on special projects such as hackathons, side projects, and business case study competitions. Imagine that, as a manager of one of the most promising projects at Hireology, you have more volunteers than roles available. You can't choose everyone to work on your team. What is the best way to control the conflict?

Expand the number of teams or the number of team positions available.

Harry decides to give his employees more responsibility. Each employee will have complete control over one area of each day's menu. This is an example of a _________________.

motivation factor

Your roommate, Patty, has not washed her dishes for several weeks, and it's driving you crazy. Today, you saw Patty put a spoon into the dishwasher, so you smiled at her and offered to cook dinner tonight. In this case, your expression and offer to cook serve as _________________ for Patty's behavior.

Postive Reinforcers

Edison coaches and teaches employees so that they have the skills needed to advance in their jobs, and he provides the team with the necessary resources. Edison is well connected both inside and outside the organization and knows how to get buy-in from the senior managers in the company. Edison is likely to have a high need for ______________.

Power

Two of your group members are at odds. They've disagreed so long that the conflict is a chronic problem for your group. Now they want you to referee. What's the best way for you to resolve their conflict in an effective way?

dispute resolution

You are discussing work with one of your employees, Brent. You want to offer him words of encouragement that reflect the affective component of an attitude. *What should you say to Brent?*

" Im so happy with your performance this quarter!"

Your manager has left, and their successor is not as skilled a leader. Which characteristics of tasks at your organization would substitute for the missing leadership? Check all that apply.

- Intrinsically satisfying work. - Regular customer feedback. - Predictability and simplicity.

Based on the preceding conversation, what could Becky do to improve her situation? Check all that apply.

- Put less effort into her work. - Leave the job. - Request a salary increase.

Marsalis makes a number of points about creativity in these passages. Which of the following are included? Check all that apply.

- Working with other creative, dedicated people allows you to achieve more than you can achieve on your own. - Creativity requires inspiration and dedication.

Which of the following items are part of Blanchard's three components of leadership? Check all that apply.

- clear goals. - regular discipline.

How did Escalante set high expectations and model behaviors consistent with meeting those expectations? Check all that apply.

- he tells the class, "You're going to work harder here than you've ever worked anywhere else." - he worked hard to qualify to teach high school after immigrating to the United States.

In studies at the University of Michigan, Rensis Likert and other researchers identified _____________ leader behavior, which is similar to the behavior of leaders with the ________________ style in Blake and McCanse's Leadership Grid.

1. employee centered 2. country club

Imagine that you conducted a survey to assess employee job satisfaction. The results were encouraging but a substantial percentage of employees explained that the traditional work schedule of 8 hours per day for 5 days per week was not ideal for them. Some employees wanted to be able to pick their children up from school. Others wanted to be able to travel on the weekend. Some employees wanted to work part-time.

Alternative work schedules

Which of the following pieces of advice for developing a creative organization is contrary to Marsalis's advice?

Assign non specialists to problems

Modern psychologists classify people based on the "____________" personality traits. Which of the following traits are included in this group? Check all that apply.

Big Five Emotional Stability Openness to Experience Conscientiousness

If Dmitri wants to use a *positive reinforcement* technique, which of the following should Dmitri do?

Give Frances a bonus.

Apply your knowledge about process perspectives on motivation to identify the area of goal-setting theory at the root of the problem. Lyle's manager just handed him a list of goals for the year. Because Lyle had no say in setting these goals, he isn't sure that they are the right ones for him, and as a result, he isn't very motivated to accomplish them.

Goal Acceptance

However, your being behind schedule is not surprising. Your pattern of being late with contributions to class projects indicates

High Consistency

Allen is a traveler; he loves new places, people, and food. While some people are nervous about being in a different culture, Allen is always ready for an adventure.

High openness to Experience

People who have a *strong internal locus of control do well*

In jobs that link rewards to outcomes.

Once again, you are late with your part of the group project. Your failure to finish your section on time reflects _____________.

Low Consensus

As a manager, Fernando is totally unpredictable. Just last week, he was yelling about your work performance, and today he is all smiles. You're starting to think that his mood has less to do with your work than it does with his overall personality.

Low Emotional Stability

Ken Blanchard talks about putting people first. Which of the following characteristics of an authentic leader best aligns with that concept?

connects with others.

You wish that your supervisor, Ashby, sought favors from you in a less threatening way. If you were in Ashby's role, and you wanted to rely on emotion and logic to get your way, which tactic would you use?

Persuasion

Because of budget cuts, the company hasn't been hiring new employees for open positions. Management has announced mandatory overtime for all employees effective immediately. David is especially stressed because the overtime will make it difficult for him to make it to his evening MBA classes. Which phase of the General Adaptation Syndrome is David experiencing?

Phase 1

Beth's job as a corporate attorney is extremely stressful. Part of her stress comes from having to be both a lawyer and a mother. The stress that arises from holding two jobs that place incompatible demands on Beth's time is due to _______________

Role Conflict

Which situation best exemplifies the meaning of organizational citizenship?

Scott has developed his own notes on how to efficiently enter report data in the company system. He volunteers to share his information with new hires and to answer their questions.

Apple and Samsung both claim to have created innovations in smartphone technology. Although Samsung is both Apple's competitor and its partner (supplying parts for Apple products), this situation is laced with interorganizational conflict. Which situation is similar?

Spanx sells its products in its own stores, as well as in department stores such as Macy's.

On the other hand, if Dmitri wants to use an *avoidance learning technique*, which of the following should Dmitri do?

Stop nagging Frances.

If the team has been working for several hours without being able to identify a reason for the intermittent failures, which action should you take to facilitate their progress?

Suggest the team stop working for a while and instead spend a few hours playing a game.

Which of the following statements is true? -The more empowered employees are, the fewer skills they need to do their jobs. -Periodic briefings by management require extremely high employee skills. -The highest level of employee empowerment is self-management. -Cross-functional teams represent a lower level of empowerment than suggestion programs.

The highest level of employee empowerment is self-management.

Which of the following suggestions is not one of the five styles identified in Vroom's Decision Tree model?

The manager procrastinates on making a decision.

Which negative work behavior is likely to result when there is a poor person-job fit?

Turnover - When a poor fit exists between the person and the job, it is likely that the person will eventually resign in order to take a position that suits them better.

When Allison was a new manager, she assumed that because she was a manager, she knew more than her subordinates about how the work should be done. She also believed that the people who worked for her weren't motivated by anything but money. Which perspective on motivation is closest to Allison's thinking early in her career?

Traditional Approach

If Beth has __________ behavior patterns, she will be less susceptible to stress-related problems.

Type B - Type B behavior patterns are more relaxed, and are therefore less susceptible to stress-related problems.

Based on what you know from the preceding question, Alex is likely to have difficulty using his power if employees:

are NOT afraid of Alex's punishments.

Your organization uses the Leadership Grid to identify management styles. During your last performance evaluation, you received 360-degree feedback indicating that you use the country club management style. In what way could you improve as a manager?

by showing more concern for production.

________________ leadership behaviors are likely to increase employee commitment and loyalty.

employee centered

At Southwest Airlines, employees participate in every decision the company makes—including the financial ones. Their payoff for their efforts includes owning part of the company. This reflects a rewards system that includes __________________.

employee stock options - an employee stock option plan gives employees stock in the company, therefore making them owners of the company.

Alex, an Internet marketing manager, has coercive power at work. People are likely to do what Alex says because:

he can lower their pay.

Becky, the CEO of Down Home Fashion, has legitimate power at work. Employees are likely to do what Becky says because:

her job title is CEO

Kevin made the observation that you don't seem to have trouble making timely contributions to your blog or on Facebook. This shows _______________ when it comes to writing your part of the group assignment.

high distinctiveness

Harry decides to buy devices that allow servers to take orders more easily by tapping an app, rather than writing them down and giving them to the cook staff. This is an example of a ________________.

hygiene factor

It's not uncommon for advertising agencies to have pool tables, foosball tables, and even basketball courts in the area of the office building dedicated to creative jobs. Easy access to recreational activities facilitates the _________ phase of the creative process.

incubation

In an interview with Newsweek, Christine Lagarde, chairwoman of the International Monetary Fund, says that she believes that it is important to waste time on occasion to build consensus in a team so that "you will not need to waste it in convincing people to implement." This is an example of the _______________ element of the path-goal theory.

leader behaviors

Google CEO Larry Page likes to "make big things happen," and he encourages his employees to always think bigger. This is an example of the ____________ element of the path-goal theory.

leadership style

Since this team's function meets a goal of the organization, people will join if they understand the primary purpose is to ________.

meet group goals.

Carla has just received her annual performance review. Because Carla had the highest productivity of anyone in her department, she will get the largest raise this year. This is an example of ___________________.

merit pay - A merit pay plan rewards individual employees based on how well they have performed. This means that Carla has to show increased productivity or significant contributions to company goals in order to get an increase in pay.

You've requested a raise at work, but your manager has limited financial resources to meet employee requests like yours. As you discuss your respective positions and seek to come to an agreement, you are engaged in the process of _____________.

negotiation

Most people at The Martin Agency work a standard workday. They arrive by 9:00 AM and leave in the early evening. But the award-winning videographer on staff arrives sporadically. Everyone understands this _____________ , because creativity doesn't punch a time clock.

norm variation

In your family, you have certain ways of doing things. Your family's approach might differ from those of your friends' families! Just like with other types of groups, these standard behaviors refer to your families __________.

norms

Chinese telecom giant Huawei believes that employees will work most effectively when all employees benefit directly from the organization's success. Chinese telecom giant Huawei believes called _____________.

profit sharing - profit sharing is a common reward that benefits the entire organization. - many organizations implement this through employee stock option plans.

Imagine you want to use conflict in a positive way. You decide to create a sense of competition among your team members. Which of these tactics could create competition?

put companies top performers in the newspaper.

indicate whether the best leadership style is task or relationship-oriented. Combination of High task structure , Bad leader-member relationship and Most unfavorable situation

task

indicate whether the best leadership style is task or relationship-oriented. Combination of Low task structure , Bad leader-member relationship and Most unfavorable situation

task

People can become leaders when other people perceive them as possessing leadership characteristics. Whose perceptions are important in this regard?

the perceptions of followers - leaders are people whom others accept as leaders, the followers are the group whose perception determines leadership.

When Brad John, one of the owners of Flight001, asks employees what products are selling and what ideas they have, he is increasing _______________________________________.

the power employees have to make their own decisions .

The __________ leader has a thorough and complete understanding of the organization and its environment.

strategic

Blanchard discusses a number of ways in which his organization seeks to inspire employees, including coaching them, gainsharing, allowing them to participate in decisions, and leaving them inspirational messages. What other behaviors are essential for strategic leaders today? Check all that apply.

- comportment according to high ethical standards. - ability to navigate a multicultural environment. - demonstration of a commitment to diversity and inclusion.

Managers cannot demand innovation, but they can create environments that are conducive to innovation. Which of the following actions would Marsalis recommend that managers take to spur innovation in organizations? Check all that apply.

- give creative people an opportunity to interact with each other. - have less experienced employees work with high experienced employees.

Which of the statements about impression management are true? Check all that apply.

- impression management is a direct and intentional effort by someone to enhance his or her image in the eyes of others. - people may take part in impression management to further their careers.

Which of the following actions could Beth's boss take to reduce her stress? Check all that apply.

- offer a flexible schedule to employees. - offer support if you see she's working too hard.

If a manager uses positive reinforcers, such as money and gift certificates, to shape the behavior of his or her employees, what can the manager then expect? Check all that apply.

- to satisfy employees lower level needs. - to see *temporary* increase in the rewarded behaviors.

Categorize the statements shown based on whether the attitude component expressed in the statement is affective, cognitive, or intentional: 1. " I love my Job! " 2. My goal is to earn one promotion at least every 3 years. 3. The company offers a tuition reimbursement program for employees pursuing graduate school.

1. Affective 2. Intentional 3. Cognitive

Employee Contribution or Employer Contribution: 1. Skills 2. Benefits 3. Loyalty 4. Ability 5. Pay 6. Career Opportunities

1. Employee 2. Employer 3. Employee 4. Employee 5. Employer 6. Employer

BECKY: I can't believe it! Now our pay depends on meeting goals! Doesn't effort count for anything anymore? I have the same goals as Suki, but I have to work twice as hard as Suki to meet those goals! My (1.) __________ are much higher than hers, and Ruth knows it! But Suki's getting the exact same (2.) ____________ as I am! YOU: Wow, that sounds like a really (3.) ___________ situation. What are you going to do?

1. Inputs 2. Outcomes 3. Inequitable

They skillfully accomplish the many complicated, difficult, and challenging tasks. Because employees are _______ on ability and their tasks are __________ , according to goal-path theory, you should use the ____________ style of management in this example.

1. high 2. complex 3. participative

Rensis Likert and other researchers at the University of Michigan identified job-centered behavior, where the leader's focus is on the __________ of subordinates, and claimed that more job-centered leaders are necessarily less employee centered, showing less concern for subordinates' ______________.

1. performance 2. job satisfaction

Suppose you have a real dislike for snakes, and yet the only job you can find is at the reptile house at the Bronx Zoo. You are likely to experience ______________ that can be resolved by which of the following? Check all that apply.

Cognitive Dissonance - Deciding that working with snakes may not be as bad as you thought it would be. - Working at the part of house with no snakes. - Learning more about snakes and how harmless they are.

The goal-setting theory of motivation assumes that a person's behavior results from conscious intentions and goals. ____________ refers to information people receive about how well they are doing on reaching a goal.

Feedback

Apply your knowledge about process perspectives on motivation to identify the area of goal-setting theory at the root of the problem. Ashami just had a meeting with Shared, a new employee. Shared said that his goal was to produce 5 articles a month, but Ashami knows that the last employee in the position was able to write 15 articles a month.

Goal Difficulty

Considering what you know from the preceding question, Becky is likely to have difficulty using her power if employees:

question why becky got the job.

indicate whether the best leadership style is task or relationship-oriented. Combination of Low task structure , Bad leader-member relationship and Moderately favorable situation

relationship

Which of the following factors would positively influence a team's sense of cohesion?

the team agrees on goals.

When the U.S. Department of Defense identifies a department where efficiency has increased over prior years and work quality has remained the same or gotten better, everyone in the department is rewarded based on how much money they have saved the agency. This type of reward system is known as ________________.

gainsharing - a gainsharing plan rewards an entire group of employees when their department meets certain levels of performance. - very effective for improving teamwork because the entire team receives the award, and they must all work together to increase overall profitability.

You are heading the task force from your labor union. The issue? The company doesn't want to offer raises, but the labor union believes employees deserve them. Luckily, you are charismatic with just the right tolerance for risk taking. Which approach to negotiation might be best for you?

individual differences

Salesforce is a large company, and with so many employees, people often find that their coworkers share an interest in their hobbies. A group of golfing enthusiasts decide to set up a putting green near the work site. What type of group is this?

interest

Lily and Jessica are both members of the account management group at Calabrio. They disagree on the best process to adopt for ongoing client communications. Which form of conflict is their team likely to experience as a result?

interpersonal clash

In the movie, students often talk back to Escalante, expressing skepticism about whether the effort he's asking them to make is worthwhile. This is evidence of which leadership behavior?

inviting dissent

John, your group's informal leader, doesn't trust Alicia, the group's communications manager. John feels Alicia tends to overemphasize her own beliefs in group documents, and Alicia believes John is micromanaging the team. This is a classic case of

personality clash

You always strive to be a good student. But your accounting teacher wants you to attend the career fair even though it conflicts with your management class. Your management professor demands class participation. You are experiencing _____________.

role conflict

When people negotiate, much of the negotiation is simply beyond control. You can't necessarily control how much power you have or the setting of the actual negotiation. To which type of negotiation approach does this relate?

situational characteristics

Suppose you just accepted a job as the manager of a Flight 001 store. Which of the following actions could you take to empower your employees? Check all that apply

- give employees regular updates about the productivity of the company. - give employees bonuses when the company achieves annual performance goals. - let employees decide how they will do their work and accomplish their goals.

Match each example in the following table with its related need: 1. Brian is good friends with everyone on your study team, and he does everything he can to avoid problems with other team members. 2. Nick, a McDonald's crew member, rushes to beat the store record for drive-through service speed. 3. As secretary of state, Hillary Clinton wanted to change the behavior of nations. Her bid for president of the United States in 2008 was based in part on her desire to lead others.

1. Affiliation 2. Achievement 3. Power

The table below lists several actions that a person has taken. For each action, select the corresponding step of the motivation framework: 1. Delroy decides to hold more video meetings. 2. Delroy finds that he can accomplish most client tasks with video calls and no longer needs to travel as much. 3. Delroy could hold more video meetings, or he could invite clients to his office. 4. Delroy would like to travel less for work.

1. Choose a behavior to satisfy the need. 2. Evaluate: Has the need been satisfied? 3. Search for ways to satisfy the need. 4. Identify the need.

At IDEO, every project is addressed with teams. Because the company is fairly large, people who have never worked together before may be assigned to a project team. Before they can even begin to function, the team must go through the ____________ process.

forming

Job satisfaction is an attitude reflecting how gratified or fulfilled a person is based on his or her work. High job satisfaction:

Does not necessarily correlate with greater performance. - high levels of job satisfaction do not necessarily correlate with greater performance.

What do the results of Morisano's study illustrate?

Training students in goal setting leads to an increase in achieving their objectives.