Mobility Review Questions

The Braden Scale is a standardized skin assessment tool used to identify patients at risk for skin breakdown. Pain is assessed with pain scales such as a numeric scale or the Wong-Baker FACES pain scale. Fall risk assessment scales or tools include The Johns Hopkins Hospital Fall Assessment Tool, the Morse Fall Scale, and the Hendrich II Fall Risk Model. Risk of venous thrombosis is not assessed using the Braden Scale, but is regularly assessed by health care providers and nurses through standardized and nonstandardized risk assessment tools and protocols. STUDY TIP: Think BRaden = skin BReakdown risk scale.

A nurse is using the Braden Scale. Which characteristic about a patient is the nurse assessing? Perception of pain Fall risk Risk for skin breakdown Risk of venous thrombosis

The second client's incision will take longer to heal Decreased arterial circulation in the second client will delay healing. The first client received an amputation without preoperative preparation for the loss of the limb and will most likely have greater difficulty adapting. Clients with chronic limb pain before surgery (e.g., the second client with chronically decreased arterial perfusion) are more likely to have phantom limb sensations. Both clients' responses may be influenced by their occupations, but there are no data to support this conclusion

The nurse is caring for two clients with a below-the-knee amputation. The first client was in a motor vehicle collision. The second client had chronically decreased arterial perfusion. Which information has caused the nurse to conclude that the postoperative courses of these two clients may differ? The first client probably will adjust more quickly. The second client's incision will take longer to heal. These clients are likely to have very different occupations. The first client is more likely to have phantom limb sensations.

Trapeze bar A trapeze device can be attached to the bed frame and is a helpful tool for patients with adequate upper body strength to reposition and/or transfer themselves with or without assistance from a caregiver. A trapeze bar has the added benefit of allowing the patient to perform upper extremity exercises to maintain muscle strength. Transfer devices such as mechanical lifts, transfer boards, and lateral-assist devices are used for transferring patients with diminished strength or abilities requiring significant assistance.

Which device is most helpful for repositioning and transferring patients with functional upper body strength? Trapeze bar Mechanical lift Transfer board Lateral-assist device

Electromyography An electromyography is performed to detect diffuse or localized muscle weakness by determining the electric potential generated in an individual. Arthroscopy is used for the direct visualization of ligaments, menisci, and articular surfaces of a joint. A radiography is performed to detect bone density, alignment, swelling, and intactness of a joint. A myelography is performed to visualize the vertebral column, intervertebral discs, spinal nerve roots, and blood vessels.

Which diagnostic scan is used to detect diffuse or localized muscle weakness? Arthroscopy Radiography Myelography Electromyography

Arthroscopy Arthroscopy is a diagnostic test that uses an arthroscope to directly visualize the ligaments, menisci, and articular surfaces of a joint. A muscle biopsy is conducted to diagnose atrophy and inflammation. An ultrasonography is used to view soft tissue disorders, traumatic joint injuries, and osteomyelitis. An electromyography may be performed to evaluate diffuse or localized muscle weakness.

Which diagnostic test is used for the direct visualization of ligaments, menisci, and articular surfaces of joints? Arthroscopy Muscle biopsy Ultrasonography Electromyography

Raloxifene Raloxifene is used to prevent and treat osteoporosis in postmenopausal women by increasing bone mineral density, reducing bone desorption, and reducing incidences of osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Denosumab is a monoclonal antibody used to treat osteoporosis when other drugs are not effective. Alendronate and zoledronic acid are commonly used for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

Which estrogen antagonist is specifically used to prevent and treat osteoporosis in postmenopausal women? Raloxifene Denosumab Alendronate Zoledronic acid

A contracture is the permanent contraction and fixation of a joint due to increased stiffening of connective tissues. Muscle wasting is atrophy. Altered awareness of posture and movement is altered proprioception. Pathologic bone fractures are spontaneous breaks without trauma.

Which findings characterize contracture? Muscle wasting Altered awareness of posture and movement Permanent fixation of a joint Spontaneous bone break without trauma

Decreased in height Loss of height and deformity and shortening of the trunk are common in older adults due to vertebral compression and degeneration. Rigidity in the neck, shoulders, back, hips, and knees increases with age due to loss of elasticity in ligaments, tendons, and cartilage. A decline in fine-motor dexterity occurs in the older adult due to slow impulse conduction along motor units. Range of motion (ROM) is limited in the older adult due to cartilage erosion, increased friction between the bones, and overgrowth of bone around joint margins.

Which musculoskeletal system change is associated in older adult clients? Decreased in height Decreased neck rigidity Increased fine-motor dexterity Increased range of motion (ROM)

Eversion Eversion is a synovial joint movement that describes turning the sole outward away from the midline of the body. Pronation is a synovial joint movement that describes turning the palm downward. Adduction is a synovial joint movement that describes movement toward midline of the body. Supination is a synovial joint movement that describes turning the palm upward.

Which synovial joint movement is described as turning the sole outward away from the midline of the body? Pronation Eversion Adduction Supination

Chondrosarcoma Chondrosarcoma occurs most commonly in cartilage in the arm, leg, and pelvic bones of older adults in the age group of 50 to 70 years old. Endochroma occurs in clients in the age group of 10 to 20 years old. Osteosarcoma and osteochondroma occur in the age group of 10 to 25 years old

Which type of bone tumor is commonly seen in elderly clients? Endochroma Osteosarcoma Chondrosarcoma Osteochondroma

propioception

awareness of posture and movement