modern america
What was the "Nixon Doctrine" as related to the Cold War and relations with the Soviet Union?
"Détente," live and let live.
The "Nixon Doctrine" as related to the Cold War and relations with the Soviet Union was ________________________.
"Détente;" live and let live
Why did many industries move manufacturing jobs to the South after the 1950s?
"Right to work" laws made labor cheaper in the South.
The name for the economic crisis that grew worse under the Carter administration was _________________.
"Stagflation"
The "New Left" began with the formation of this organization.
"Students for a Democratic Society"
What two inventions were the final pieces of the puzzle necessary to make the Internet useful to ordinary people? [choose 2]
"Uniform resource locator (URL)" "Hypertext markup language (HTML)"
In response to public concern regarding America's "culture of poverty," President Johnson declared a _______________.
"War on Poverty"
In response to public concern regarding Americas "culture of poverty," President Johnson declared a __________________________.
"War on Poverty"
The name for the economic crisis that grew worse under the Carter administration was
"stagflation"
How many Republican votes did the Affordable Care Act receive in the House and Senate?
0
The peace negotiated between the French and the Vietminh divided the nation along the _______________.
17th parallel
In what year did the last American combat troops leave Vietnam?
1973
What is the compulsory age Americans receive Medicare coverage?
65
Who were the major party candidates for President in the Election of 1952? [choose 2]
Adlai Stevenson Dwight D. Eisenhower
In what nation did the members of the hijacking teams train?
Afghanistan
Who were the major Party candidates for President in the Election of 2000? [choose 2]
Al Gore George W. Bush
Which of the following are TRUE about the election of 2000? [Choose all that apply]
Al Gore won the popular vote. Bush won the Electoral College.
In what way can the Tet Offensive be seen as a crushing defeat for the United States?
American attitudes toward the war changed after it
What were the results of expanded American military operations into Cambodia? [choose all that apply]
American forces were able to hamper Vietcong operations in Cambodia. It destabilized the political balance of power in Cambodia, which resulted in a change of government there.
The opposition to the war in Vietnam was based on the following reasons. (choose all that apply)
Americans didn't think it was worthwhile to spend American lives holding back the spread of communism. Some believed that peace and love were the only way to change the world. There was limited knowledge and understanding of the war and its goals. There was the belief that Marxism was not really such a bad thing
Which of the NASA space programs placed a man on the moon in 1969?
Apollo
Which of the following is true of Hollywood movies of the 1950s? [choose all that apply]
As the decade wore on, standards began to relax. Popular young stars were evidence of a growing rebellious youth subculture. Movie studios produced a variety of works, including historical and sci-fi movies.
Why was General MacArthur replaced on April 11, 1951, and with whom was he replaced? Answer in two to three sentences.
Because Gen. Douglas MacArthur's intention to escalate the Korean War ran counter to the country's foreign policy, President Truman felt compelled to dismiss him. Truman relieves MacArthur of command on April 11, 1951, and notifies the American people of his decision in a radio broadcast the same day.
What court case heard by the Supreme Court ended segregation in public schools?
Brown v. Board of Education
In two or three sentences, summarize the Supreme Court case of Bush v. Gore.
Bush v. Gore was a case heard by the United States Supreme Court in which the court overturned a Florida Supreme Court request for a selective hand recount of ballots cast in the United States presidential election of 2000. The verdict essentially gave Republican nominee George W. Bush Florida's 25 electoral college votes, and hence the election. The Supreme Court found that the Florida Supreme Court's decision to order a statewide recount violated the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause. This decision was made by a 7-2 vote, despite the fact that per curiam opinions are generally given only for unanimous votes.
President Carter's major diplomatic triumph came with the negotiation of the _______________________.
Camp David Accords
When American forces reached the Yalu River in late 1950 ______________________________.[choose all that apply]
Chinese forces crossed the border and attacked. General MacArthur announced that most American troops would be home for Christmas.
What company manufactured the first "personal computers" for public consumption?
Commodore
How did the federal government react to the financial crisis in 2008-2009?
Congress passed the Economic Stabilization Act to bail out the banking system.
Why was the possibility of nuclear weapons being placed in Cuba so troubling to the United States?
Cuba is only 90 miles south of Florida.
While Operation "Rolling Thunder" moved forward, General Westmorland first asked for ground troops to guard the American airbase at ____________________.
Danang
Who was the man who leaked the Pentagon Papers to the New York Times?
Daniel Ellsberg
What was the outcome of the Cuban Missile Crisis? Answer in two to three sentences.
Despite the removal of Soviet missiles under UN supervision, Cuba remained communist and heavily armed. Both sides believed they had won - Khrushchev had protected the communist state in Cuba from invasion by the United States and had brokered an agreement with the United States to remove its Jupiter missiles from Turkey.
Why were the South Vietnamese people unhappy with the government of Ngo Dien Diem?
Diem was a dictator who used harsh tactics against those who opposed him
Who campaigned against President Carter for the Democratic nomination in the election of 1980?
Edward Kennedy
Who was the world's first "rock star" in the modern sense of the word?
Elvis Presley
Who were the "Little Rock Nine," and how did they get their name? Answer in one to two sentences.
Ernest Green, Minnijean Brown, Elizabeth Eckford, Thelma Mothershed, Melba Pattillo, Gloria Ray, Terrence Roberts, Jefferson Thomas, and Carlotta Walls are the Little Rock Nine. They were only teens, ranging in age from 15 to 17, in 1957, yet they were already among the bravest Arkansans. When the Little Rock Nine challenged public school segregation by enrolling at all-white Central High School in 1957, they became a vital component of the movement for equal opportunity in American education. Their attendance and award are part of Marquette's Centennial Celebration of Women.
What is meant by the term "individual mandate" in relation to the ACA?
Every man, woman, and child must have health insurance.
Radio's comeback as a primary source of music was fueled by the popularity of ________________________.
FM radio
Which of the following is NOT true of the U-2 spy plane incident?
Francis Gary Powers was able to escape to friendly territory before being captured.
Since 1800, the Southeast Asian area we know as Vietnam was known as _________________.
French Indochina
Who did President Bush appoint as the new military commander in Iraq in 2007 to oversee the troop surge there?
General David Petraeus
Japan was governed by the office of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (SCAP). Who held the role of Supreme Commander?
General Douglas MacArthur
Who was named overall commander of the UN coalition in Korea?
General Douglas MacArthur
Who developed a program in the years following the war to provide financial aid to all European countries?
General George C. Marshall
For what crime was former Yugoslavian president Slobodan Milosevic tried at The Hague?
Genocide
Who was the Republican Party nominee for President in the Election of 1988?
George H.W. Bush
The Democratic candidate for the Presidency in the Election of 1972 was ________________.
George McGovern
The Democratic candidate for the Presidency in the Election of 1972 was ___________________.
George McGovern
What impact did the Election of 2000 have on the nation and American elections? (choose all that apply)
George W. Bush had no real mandate to govern. Al Gore's supporters continued to insist that Bush stole the election.
The American Independent Party was a third party option in 1968 led by _______________.
George Wallace
The American Independent Party was a third party option in 1968 led by _______________________.
George Wallace
The first sit-in of the 1960s occurred in _________________________.
Greensboro, North Carolina
American involvement in Vietnam changed after an incident in the _____________ __________ involving the USS Maddox.
Gulf of Tonkin
American involvement in Vietnam changed after an incident in the _____________ __________ involving the USS Maddox.
Gulf of tonkin
The "new evangelical" branch of fundamentalism __________. (choose all that apply)
Had a goal to take back America. Advocated engagement with the government and culture.
The "new evangelical" branch of fundamentalism ______________________________________.[choose all that apply]
Had a goal to take back America. Advocated engagement with the government and culture.
After the Taliban was removed from control of the Afghan government, who became the head of the new interim government?
Hamid Karzai
What action did President Bush take in 1990 that angered the American people?
He broke his promise and raised tax rates.
How did President Roosevelt attempt to deal with the problems facing Europe because of the devastation of the war?
He created the United National Relief and Rehabilitation Administration.
What was President Kennedy's reaction to the violence in Birmingham, Alabama in 1963? [choose all that apply]
He gave federal agencies power to fight segregation. He called on Congress to pass new Civil Rights legislation.
Why was the man who killed President Kennedy first arrested?
He matched the description of a man who had killed a Dallas police officer.
Why did President Kennedy decide to travel to Texas in November 1963?
He needed to campaign there because of low polling numbers,
What was President Clinton's response to the bombings of two American embassy buildings and the USS Cole?
He ordered limited missile strikes against al Qaeda training camps.
How did Nixon leave office?
He resigned.
When the burglars were caught trying to break into the office of the DNC Chairman, what was the initial reaction of President Nixon?
He tried to cover up the entire plan.
What were Johnson's three main strategies for addressing poverty in the United States? (Choose three.)
He wanted publicly funded healthcare through Medicare and Medicaid. He wanted increased federal funding for education. He wanted to create Community Action Agencies.
Why did President Johnson not want to send more military "advisers" to Vietnam?
He was afraid they would make the situation worse in Vietnam and ruin his reelection hopes.
Why did President Johnson not want to send more military "advisors" to Vietnam?
He was afraid they would make the situation worse in Vietnam and ruin his reelection hopes.
What happened to Robert F. Kennedy after he won the California primary in June 1968?
He was assassinated by Sirhan Sirhan.
What accusations were published in the newspaper and leaflets against President Kennedy before he visited Texas in 1963? (choose all that apply)
He was guilty of treason He was not tough enough on Communists.
What happened to Spiro Agnew during 1973?
He was investigated for corruption and bribery and resigned.
Where was President Bush when he received word of the terrorist attacks on 9/11?
He was reading to school children in Florida.
What happened to Lee Harvey Oswald?
He was shot while being transferred to the Dallas County jail.
Who was Jack Ruby?
He was the man who shot Lee Harvey Oswald.
What happened to Saddam Hussein after the fall of his government in 2003? (choose all that apply)
He was tried and executed for his crimes by the Iraqis. He was able to hide from American forces until December.
What happened to Jack Ruby?
He was tried, convicted and died in prison.
Who was the German Chancellor who announced the reunification of Germany in 1990?
Helmut Kohl
Who was Nixon's National Security Advisor who assisted in the mission to end the Vietnam War by achieving "peace with honor?"
Henry Kissinger
What do historians think influenced Johnson's decision not to run for re-election during the Election of 1968? Answer in one to two sentences.
Historians are still puzzled as to why Johnson chose not to run. It was most likely due to a mix of factors, including his worsening health, the failure of the "War on Poverty," and sections of the "Great Society" (especially the Community Action Programs) that had proven to be a big letdown.
The Marxist revolutionary who led the insurgency that declared Vietnamese independence from France and established the Democratic Republic of Vietnam was ___________________________.
Ho Chi Minh
The two most popular sitcoms of the 1950s were ____________________________. [choose two]
I Love Lucy Leave it to Beaver
Just two years after the United States withdrew from Iraq, this group threatens to take over the country?
ISIS
The first major land battle in Vietnam took place near ____________.
Ia Drang Valley
In order to accommodate increasing automobile traffic in the 1950s, the federal government authorized the construction of the ________________________________.
Interstate Highway System
The good relationship between Iran and the United States came to an abrupt end as a result of the _____________________________.
Iranian Revolution
The good relationship between Iran and the United States came to an end as a result of the ________________.
Iranian Revolution
Which of the following is true of the S&L Crisis of the 1980s? (choose all that apply)
It began because of deregulation of savings and loans. Savings and loan companies were irresponsible in their investments. The bailout cost the taxpayers who funded the FDIC, which insured deposits. The crisis created a drain on the US economy.
Which of the following is true of television in the 1970s?
It began to push social and cultural boundaries.
What effect did the "Jesus People Movement" have on Christianity and the church as a whole? (choose all that apply)
It brought a change in Christian music from traditional hymns to praise songs. It ushered in the growth of charismatic churches and denominations. It reached a segment of the American population not reached by traditional denominations.
What was the real significance of the SDI proposal?
It caused panic in the Soviet leadership.
What were the results of expanded American military operations into Cambodia? (Choose all that apply.)
It destabilized the political balance of power in Cambodia, which resulted in a change of government there. Anti-war protests escalated across the country. American forces were able to hamper Vietcong operations in Cambodia to a limited degree. Incorrectly unchecked
What was the benefit of the African campaign for the later fighting in Europe? [choose all that apply]
It drained German resources. It gave the American forces the needed experience.
What did the PATRIOT Act enable the government to do? (choose all that apply)
It expanded the use of electronic surveillance. It permitted roving wiretaps of suspected terrorists. It expanded permission to search personal records.
Why did the United States allow itself to be drawn into the conflict in Vietnam?
It followed the logic of containment.
Why was Windows so successful in the software market in the 1980s?
It ran on the hardware from multiple manufacturers.
What did the "Fairness Doctrine" require? [choose all that apply]
It required that best-suited people provide the contrasting viewpoints. It required that a spectrum of views on an issue be presented. It required that broadcast media provide contrasting viewpoints on controversial issues.
Which of the following best describes the Loan Guarantee Act of 1979?
It was a cash infusion that had to be repaid with interest.
How successful was the "Freedom Summer Project" in registering black voters?
It was a failure.
Which of the following is true of television in the 1950s?
It was direct competition to radio and Hollywood.
What was different about Kennedy's Inaugural Address? (choose all that apply)
It was meant to encourage hope and optimism in the American people. It was not a wish list of objectives. It was powerful because it was simple. It is one of the shortest.
How did the public perceive the American expansion of the war into Laos?
It was seen as a crushing defeat.
Why was the beginning of the air bombardment of Baghdad a turning point in American journalism?
It was the first time reporters broadcast a battle live from the scene.
What was the purpose of the House Un-American Activities Committee?
Its purpose was to investigate domestic subversion wherever it appeared.
What was the purpose of the "GI Bill"?
Its purpose was to provide benefits to veterans to help ease them back into civilian life.
Who were the main Democrat Party contenders in the Election of 1988? [choose all that apply]
Jesse Jackson Michael Dukakis
Who were the two main party candidates in the Presidential Election of 1976? [choose 2]
Jimmy Carter Gerald Ford
Who was the Democratic nominee for President in the Election of 1960?
John F. Kennedy
Who was the Republican nominee for President in the Election of 2008?
John McCain
What US Senator announced in 1950 that he had a list of "card-carrying" Communists in the State Department?
Joseph A. McCarthy
Who gave the North Korean leader tentative permission to invade South Korea in 1950?
Joseph Stalin
What was different about Kennedy's Inaugural Address? [choose all that apply]
Kennedy did not pledge himself to a specific agenda. It was meant to encourage and uplift the American people. It was one of the shortest. It was powerful because it was simple.
At what Ohio university did the conflict between anti-war protesters and National Guardsmen result in the death of four people?
Kent State University
Who was the ultimate mastermind behind the attack on America on September 11, 2001?
Khalid Sheikh Mohammed
What was the most important event of the August 28, 1963 "March on Washington?"
King's "I Have a Dream Speech"
After he failed in the war with Iran, Saddam Hussein decided to attack what neighboring country?
Kuwait
The optimal taxation level at which the government can function and the economy grow is often referred to as the ______________ ____________.
Laffer curve
Who was the man who shot President Kennedy?
Lee Harvey Oswald
Who was the Soviet Premier that met with President Nixon in 1972?
Leonid Brezhnev
The suburban development that was the first example of a modern suburb was called _____________________.
Levittown
What popular 1970s T.V. show became a thinly veiled commentary of the Vietnam War?
MASH
Which of the following are possible reasons why Barack Obama was able to win the Election of 2008? (choose all that apply)
McCain was too closely linked to President Bush and his policies McCain came across as too bland on the campaign trail Obama had a well-organized grassroots campaign Obama was an energetic and charismatic campaigner
What happened at Altamont Motor Speedway that prompted the end of the Hippie Movement?
Meredith Hunter was killed by a gang member.
In what city did the resistance to the freedom riders become violent and end in serious injuries to at least two people?
Montgomery, Alabama
Why were North Korean forces able to push back the Americans in Korea so easily in the early stages of the war?
Most American troops were not prepared for combat.
What conditions existed in Europe following World War II? [choose all that apply]
Most cities had been damaged by ground warfare and bombing. Farmland lay fallow or had been severely damaged. Transportation was hampered because of the destruction brought by the war. Industry was devastated.
What conditions existed in the late 1940s that led to America's first experiment with subsidized public housing? [choose all that apply]
Most racial minorities were trapped in the cities where housing was limited and substandard. Racial discrimination made it almost impossible for blacks and Hispanics to obtain mortgages or insurance.
To guard against the possibility of Soviet attack, Western Nations signed an agreement in 1949 establishing ________________________.
NATO
What coalition intervened in the Serbian Conflict to bring an end to the ongoing genocide?
NATO
Which of the following was NOT a candidate for the Democratic nomination for President in 1968?
Nelson Rockefeller
Hurricane Katrina caused the worst destruction in this US city, bringing criticism to the Bush Administration for its apparent lack of response.
New Orleans
Who was the Speaker of the House who led the program known as the "Contract with America"?
Newt Gingrich
Who was the Speaker of the House who led the program known as the "Contract with America?"
Newt Gingrich
Who was the first Soviet leader to ever visit the United States?
Nikita Khrushchev
President Bush's education reform package was called ____________.
No Child Left Behind
International enthusiasm for Obama reached its peak in 2009 when he was awarded the ____________ _______________ Prize. [The answer is two words]
Nobel Peace
Violence in Iraq began to decline in 2008 and 2009 as a result of the leadership of ________________.
Nouri al-Maliki
What were the trials of Nazi war criminals collectively called?
Nuremberg War Crime Trials
What did President Obama say about the "American Recovery and Reinvestment Act" bill passed in 2009? Answer in two to three sentences.
Obama called the stimulus "the most comprehensive economic recovery plan in our history," claiming that it will "create or save three and a half million jobs over the next two years." In addition, the President stated that the stimulus would cut unemployment to 8% by 2010. This economic miracle would be accomplished by federal funding for building and infrastructure projects, in an attempt to reproduce the economic magic of Roosevelt's successful New Deal-era construction organizations such as the PWA and the WPA.
On what grounds did the House of Representatives recommend that President Nixon be impeached?
Obstruction of justice
The protests that set up camp in Zuccotti Park in New York during the fall of 2011 were given the title
Occupy Wall Street
The massive military buildup initially formed to protect Saudi Arabia from the possibility of invasion was called ___________________________.
Operation "Desert Shield"
The prolonged bombing campaign against North Vietnam that began in 1965 was codenamed
Operation "Rolling Thunder"
The prolonged bombing campaign against North Vietnam that began in 1965 was codenamed _______________________.
Operation "Rolling Thunder"
Which of the following were attempts to strike back at the insurgencies in Iraq? [choose all that apply]
Operation "Vigilant Resolve" Operation "Desert Scorpion"
In 1986, Randall Terry started an organization called _____________.
Operation Rescue
What was Operation Rescue and what were its tactics? Answer in three to four sentences.
Operation Rescue is a fervently anti-abortion organization. The group expresses its anti-abortion stance by focusing on a certain city and organizing speeches, demonstrations, picket lines, and media barrages. In 1992, Operation Rescue was active in Greater Buffalo, New York. Many of Scheidler's ideas were quickly put into action on a wide scale by Operation Rescue supporters, beginning with a large-scale "blockade" of an abortion facility in New Jersey in 1987. They utilized throngs of demonstrators and their vehicles to physically prevent ladies from entering the clinic.
The war between what two nations brought the United States and China into closer relations? [choose 2]
Pakistan India
Which of the following church leaders claimed Fundamentalism had been mistaken to avoid social issues?
Pastor Harold J. Ockenga
The two articles of impeachment against President Clinton passed by the House of Representatives were for? (choose 2)
Perjury obstruction of justice
How did America and the West react to the spread of Communism in the immediate post-war era? What specific actions did they take? (75-125 words)
President Harry S. Truman stated in 1947 that the US would assist any nation against communism in order to prevent its spread. The Truman Doctrine refers to his policy of containment. The Marshall Plan was a massive economic aid package provided to all European countries to aid in their recovery after World War II. In the end, only Western democracies received any assistance. It implied that the middle class will be overthrown by the working class. When the United States no longer had to focus its energies on winning World War I, many Americans grew concerned that communism might come to the country and endanger the country's democratic ideals.
Within two months of North Korea's invasion of South Korea, American and South Korean forces were pushed back to an area called the "_______________ _______________."
Pusan Perimeter
Who made McDonald's the nation's largest single restaurant chain?
Ray Kroc
Ronald Reagan's journey to the nomination was made possible by the rise of the __________________.
Religious Right
Who was the Republican nominee for President in the Election of 1968?
Richard Nixon
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was killed while trying to gather support for his endorsement of ______________.
Robert F. Kennedy
The study on the Vietnam War that would later be published as the Pentagon Papers was commissioned by ________________________.
Robert McNamara
What important Supreme Court decision legalized abortion in the United States?
Roe v. Wade
What were the results of the Election of 1940?
Roosevelt won, but not in a landslide.
Who was the Independent candidate in the Presidential Election of 1992?
Ross Perot
Which of the following is most closely connected to American citizens' militias?
Ruby Ridge
The Camp David Accords opened lines of communication between what 2 Middle East nations? (choose 2)
Saudi Arabia Egypt Israel
What event in the 1960s caused a major rift in the Catholic Church due to the liberalizing doctrine?
Second Vatican Council
During the investigation by the Watergate Committee, a former aide revealed the existence of evidence that could provide the truth about Watergate and the cover-up. What was it?
Secret tapes
In 1965, the SCLC staged protests in this city, where black voter registration had been blocked.
Selma, Alabama
Why was Korean Airlines Flight 007 shot down over the Sea of Japan?
Soviet military commanders thought it was an American military surveillance flight.
The Soviet launch of the satellite _____________ caused Americans to worry about the Russian ability to attack with nuclear weapons.
Sputnik
Who of the following served as the first president of the Republic of Korea in 1948?
Syngman Rhee
What foreign event in 1973 had a negative effect on the American economy?
The "Yom Kuppur War"
Which Constitutional Amendment outlawed the use of poll taxes?
The 24th
How did the Republicans gain control of Congress in the 1946 elections?
The American people were angry about the economic conditions in the nation.
What was the result of the meeting between President Kennedy and Premier Khrushchev in Vienna in 1961?
The Berlin Wall was constructed.
The siege at Waco was an attempt to raid the compound of this group.
The Branch Davidians
Which of the following regulated the dumping of toxins into waterways with the goal of making them "fishable" and "swimmable" within a few years?
The Clean Water Act
What did the Loan Guarantee Act of 1979 do? Answer in one to two sentences.
The Federal Financing Bank or any other Federal institution is prohibited from buying guaranteed loans or guarantee obligations put into under this Act.
What did the peace treaty between the French and Vietminh call for? Answer in two to three sentences.
The French got Saigon and three southern Cochinchina provinces, the opening of three commercial ports, freedom of missionary activity, a vague protectorate over Vietnam's international affairs, and a significant monetary indemnity under the provisions of the deal. The agreement includes a cease-fire in Vietnam. Furthermore, the United States committed to evacuate all US soldiers and advisors (about 23,700) and dismantle all US outposts within 60 days. In exchange, the North Vietnamese promised to free all American and other prisoners of war.
In two or three sentences, summarize the goals of the "Great Society.
The Great Society was a combination of domestic policy initiatives, programs, and laws implemented in the United States during the 1960s. These Great Society projects aimed to address poverty, racial injustice, crime, and environmental degradation.
What were some of the primary revelations found in the Pentagon Papers? (choose all that apply)
The Gulf of Tonkin incident didn't happen as it was portrayed to the American people. Johnson misled the American people regarding plans to send in ground troops. President Kennedy had approved the coup that overthrew Ngo Dien Diem.
Of all the new Christian organizations in the 1980s, which probably had the strongest impact on the election?
The Moral Majority
Summarize the My Lai Massacre in one to two sentences.
The My Lai massacre was one of the most heinous acts of brutality against defenseless civilians performed during the Vietnam War. On March 16, 1968, a company of American soldiers mercilessly murdered the majority of the people—women, children, and elderly men—in the town of My Lai.
In two or three sentences, summarize the Iran Contra Affair.
The National Security Council (NSC) became involved in covert weapons transfers and other operations that were either forbidden by the United States Congress or contradicted the government's professed public policy in the 1980s. Senior administration officials surreptitiously aided the supply of armaments to the Khomeini government of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which was subject to an arms embargo, between 1981 and 1986. The government intended that the revenues from the arms transaction would be used to assist the Contras in Nicaragua.
Where did the Allied leaders issue a declaration demanding Japan's immediate surrender and discuss how to divide and administer conquered Axis territory?
The Potsdam Conference
During World War II, where was the decision made to create an international organization to succeed where the League of Nations had failed?
The San Francisco Conference
Why did the UN resolution on the Korean War pass the Security Council?
The Soviet Union was boycotting in protest and did not cast its veto.
Why did OPEC refuse to sell oil to the United States?
The US supported Israel in the Yom Kippur War.
Why did the United States see more economic benefit from the end of the war than any other nation that had been involved?
The United States saw no combat on its home soil and exited the war relatively unharmed.
Why was it difficult for American troops to win decisive battles against the Vietcong and NVA forces? (choose all that apply)
The Vietcong and NVA relied on guerrilla tactics. American forces were not suited to deal with the tactics employed by the Vietcong and NVA.
The first special panel created to investigate the assassination of President Kennedy was _________________.
The Warren Commission
In what meeting did Stalin, Churchill and Roosevelt meet to discuss the Russian involvement in the war against Japan and Allied occupation policy in Europe once Germany was defeated?
The Yalta Conference
Perhaps the greatest triumph of the Obama Administration is
The death of Osama bin Laden
Why could the Tet Offensive be seen as a major victory for the United States? (choose all that apply)
The enemy suffered very high casualties. All lost territory was quickly recaptured.
Why could the Tet Offensive be seen as a major victory for the United States? [choose all that apply]
The enemy suffered very high casualties. They quickly recaptured all lost territory.
What has been the criticism of the federal education standards set by President Bush's education reform package?
The federal funds are not enough. Teachers are forced to teach to the test.
What were the results of the American HDTV transition? (Choose all that apply)
The federal government spent millions on vouchers to help people convert their old televisions. It created an environmental crisis as people got rid of their old televisions. There was a boom in television manufacturing and sales,
What was the primary difference between the First "Red Scare" of the 1920s and the Second "Red Scare" of the 1950s?
The first "Red Scare" played out in the press, while the second played out in the halls of Congress.
Why had the automotive industry in the United States declined in the late 1970s?
The industry had failed to innovate.
What were four of the main points of Truman's "Fair Deal?"
The most essential initiatives, according to Richard Neustadt, were education aid, national health insurance, the Fair Employment Practices Commission, and repeal of the Taft-Hartley Act.
In two or three sentences, summarize the two main objectives of the Marshall Plan.
The plan had two main goals: to prevent the spread of communism in Western Europe and to stabilize the world order in a way that would promote the growth of political democracy and free-market economies. Marshall's speech elicited an immediate and enthusiastic response across Europe.
The most important pillars of President Obama's "New New Deal" were (choose all that apply)
The plan to stimulate the economy The plan to bail out the auto industry The plan for universal health care
Which of the following are factors for the growth of organized Christianity during the 1950s? [choose all that apply]
The practice of some form of Christianity was to be more American. People were looking for a place of peace and stability in a troubled world. People wanted to be sure that their children received moral and religious instruction. Billy Graham helped lead a major evangelical revival during the period.
What was the job of the "plumbers" in Nixon's administration?
Their job was to stop leaks of sensitive information to the press and public.
Why is Iraq such a difficult place to create a stable government?
There are deep ethnic and religious divides in the country.
Opposition to the war in Vietnam was based on what? [choose all that apply]
There was the belief that Marxism was not really such a bad thing. There was limited knowledge and understanding of the war and its goals. Some believed that peace and love were the only way to change the world. Americans didn't think it was worthwhile to spend American lives holding back the spread of Communism.
Which of the following was NOT a topic of agreement between the United States and the Soviet Union in the SALT I Treaty?
They agreed to open disclosure regarding the number and types of nuclear-capable weapons between the two nations.
Why were the North Koreans given permission to invade South Korea in 1950? [choose all that apply]
They believed the South Korean government was on the verge of collapse.
What was the significance of the Swift Boat Veterans for Truth?
They brought into question John Kerry's record of service in Vietnam.
How did Lyndon Johnson's campaign in 1964 reinforce the image of his opponent as a warmonger who might bring nuclear disaster to the world?
They created a television ad that created fear of a nuclear holocaust.
What purposes did advertising and commercials play in the live television broadcasts of the 1950s? [choose all that apply]
They gave television crews time to change sets, repair equipment, or make adjustments during live broadcasts. They provided revenue to TV stations and networks.
What accusations were published in the newspaper and leaflets against President Kennedy before he visited Texas in 1963? [choose all that apply]
They said that he was not tough enough on Communists. They said that he was guilty of treason.
After Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait, what was the reaction of the world community?
They united in an effort to get him to withdraw without military action.
How did Americans respond to the 9/11 terrorist attacks? (choose all that apply)
They wanted justice for the deaths of so many people. There was a renewed sense of patriotism across the country. They drew together in a sense of unity.
Why were some Hollywood writers, actors and directors blacklisted in the late 1940s? [choose all that apply]
They were mentioned in the testimony of someone who was a witness before the HUAC. They refused to testify before Congress regarding their involvement in the Communist Party or their Communist sympathies. They were suspected of being members of the CPUS.
In two or three sentences, summarize the impressions left on the American people in the first televised presidential debate between Nixon and Kennedy.
Those who listened to the debate on the radio, hearing only the words the candidates stated, usually concluded that Nixon had won or that it was a tie, whereas those who saw the discussion on television thought that Kennedy had won. The popular vote was nearly equal, with 34,227,000 votes for Kennedy and 34,109,000 votes for Nixon, implying that Kennedy won by a margin of only 118,000 votes out of more than 68 million voted.
Who was the NAACP attorney who argued that segregated facilities could never be equal because they were separate?
Thurgood Marshall
What prompted the United States to begin a naval blockade of Cuba in 1962?
US intelligence showed missile launch sites in Cuba.
What famous newsman first announced the death of President Kennedy live on CBS News?
Walter Cronkite
The first political scandal to cast a shadow on President Clinton's administration was:
Whitewater
The former dictator of what Eastern European nation escalated the civil war in Kosovo and conducted a campaign of "ethnic cleansing"?
Yugoslavia
What was Martin Luther King, Jr's "dream?" [choose all that apply]
a country where character was the most important factor in judging a person a country where justice would be equal a country where race was irrelevant
The program known as "Hillarycare" was _____________________________________.
a government program to provide free medical coverage to all Americans
What was President Kennedy, and later Johnson's solution to the economic recession in the early 1960s?
a tax cut
The "Reagan Doctrine" _______________________________.
advocated sponsorship of any anti-Communist force
The single biggest factor in the population shift to the "Sunbelt" was ___________.
affordable home air conditioning
The Warren Commission determined that both Lee Harvey Oswald and Jack Ruby acted _________________.
alone
Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak started this computer company.
apple
How long were "mortgage backed securities" valuable ?
as long as homeowners could pay their house payments
The generation of children born between 1945 and the late 1960s are known as the __________ generation
baby boom
The ______________ looked for personal fulfillment through artistic self-expression and the hedonistic pursuit of pleasure.
beats
What German city was blockaded by the Soviet Union to force the west to change their minds about creating a unified West Germany?
berlin
At the end of the televised debate between Reagan and Carter in the Election of 1980, Reagan finished with the question, "Are you ____________ off than you were four years ago?"
better
Who were the major party candidates for President in the Election of 1992? [choose 2]
bill clinton george h.w. bush
Who was President Clinton's opponent in the Election of 1996?
bob dole
The speech Richard Nixon gave on September 23, 1952, to defend himself against accusations that he misappropriated campaign funds has come to be known as the "______________" speech.
checkers
Nixon's plan to end the war in Vietnam meant that he had to expand operations into what (2) two countries? (Choose two.)
china laos cambodia
Martin Luther King, Jr's essay Letter from Birmingham Jail argued that ____________________________. [choose all that apply]
civil disobedience against segregation was consistent with Christian principles civil disobedience against segregation was consistent with Constitutional principles
Martin Luther King, Jr's essay Letter from Birmingham Jail argued that [choose all that apply]
civil disobedience against segregation was consistent with Constitutional principles civil disobedience against segregation was consistent with Christian principles
What was the primary political issue that drove the formation of the "Dixiecrats"?
civil rights
In the realm of educational and welfare policy, Bush came to be known as a "__________________ conservative."
compassionate
George Kennan's article, "The Sources of Soviet Conduct," called for America to follow a policy of "____________________" to keep Communism in the places where it was already established.
containing
To battle the War on Drugs, President Bush appointed Bill Bennett to _____________________________.
coordinate federal drug policy
Controversies regarding how to respond to the changes in American _________ sparked divisions within churches and made things worse for many Christian denominations.
culture
In his Inaugural Address, President Kennedy dedicated America to _____________________.
defending the cause of liberty no matter the cost
One of the most important keys to understanding the changes that took place in American culture during the 1960s lies with understanding the shift in _________________ at the time.
demographics
One of the most important keys to understanding the changes that took place in culture during the 1960s requires understanding the shift in _________________ at the time.
demographics
The biggest and most distinctive musical genre of the 1970s was _____________.
disco
The biggest and most distinctive musical genre of the 1970s was ___________________.
disco
With the growing popularity and business potential of the internet came the economic phenomena now referred to as the "______________ bubble."
dotcom
Who was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court that led in the case that overturned racial segregation in public schools?
earl warren
In what ways was the United States adrift in the 1970s? [choose all that apply]
economically politically morally culturally
As a former teacher, President Johnson believed that access to better quality ________________ was a key factor in helping Americans escape the "culture of poverty."
education
Starting in the 1930s, the NAACP focused their efforts on ending segregation in __________________.
education
The "Suez Crisis" occurred when the Americans canceled an offer to provide funds to construct a hydroelectric dam in this nation.
egypt
The 1960s saw the birth of the modern ______________________ movement as a reaction to widespread pollution.
environmental
From the early 1950s through the mid-1980s, coverage of news topics was governed by the "____________ Doctrine."
fairness
Which of the following was NOT one of the main points of Truman's domestic program?
federal funding for unemployment benefits
According to the course material, who was the winner of the Cuban Missile Crisis?
fidel castro
The Election of 2000 was decided as the result of a recount in what state?
florida
Which of the following auto manufacturers did not accept assistance from the federal government after the Great Recession of 2008? (choose 2)
ford nissan
Who did Truman say needed to be protected from outside pressures and supported by the United States?
free people who were resisting Communism
President Kennedy's domestic agenda was called the "New ________________."
frontier
Turmoil in the Middle East resulted in what in the United States? [choose all that apply]
fuel shortages high oil prices long gas lines
When Richard Nixon resigned from the Presidency, who became President of the United States?
gerald ford
Changes behind the Iron Curtain in the 1980s were apparent through Gorbachev's campaign of _______________. (choose all that apply)
glasnost perestroika
After Ford became President he ____________________________________________.
granted Nixon a full pardon
What was President Clinton's reaction to Republican gains in the mid-term election of 1994?
he moved to the political center and cooperated with Congressional Republicans
What was one important reason why John F. Kennedy was at a disadvantage in the 1960 election campaign?
he was catholic
Who were the primary Democratic candidates in the Presidential Primary race of 2008? [choose 2]
hillary clinton barack obama
The youth counterculture of the 1960s was called the "______________ Movement."
hippie
The youth counterculture of the 1960s was called the "______________ Movement"
hippy
"Free at last, Free at last" Sixteenth Street Baptist Church Eugene T. "Bull" Conner Nation of Islam Ross Barnett Woolworth's Department Store Robert F. Kennedy
i have a dream bombed- 4 killed birmingham police malcolm X governor of mississipi student sit-in attorney general
During the 1960s, youth, especially those involved in the counterculture, tended toward ____________________________________.
illegal use of marijuana and hallucinogenic drugs
How did the September 11 hijackers learn to fly the aircraft that they planned to take over?
in commercial flight schools
The UN coalition planned an invasion of the port city of _______________ as a bold maneuver to drive back North Korean forces.
inchon
Though the Supreme Court had declared that black and white facilities should be "separate but equal," most of the time, separate facilities were ____________. (choose all that apply)
inferior non-existent
The 1979 hostage crisis can be traced back to American involvement in what nation's internal politics?
iran
The ring of satellite states that surrounded Russia and lay in the Soviet sphere of influence became known by the phrase "_______ _________" especially after Winston Churchill used it in a speech in 1946.
iron curtain
The civil war in what Middle Eastern country in the early 1980s brought Syria, the PLO, and Israel into conflict and resulted in the death of 283 American Marines?
lebanon
The Twenty-Second Amendment ___________________________-.
limits the President to two terms in office
The students at the center of the federal intervention to force the desegregation of the public schools were called the _______ __________ _____________.
little rock nine
When it became apparent that Civil Rights Movement style tactics did not work in the abortion debate, activists focused on
lobbying for state level legislation
When it became apparent that Civil Rights Movement style tactics did not work in the abortion debate, activists focused on ______________.
lobbying for state level legislation
The North American Free Trade Agreement _____________. (choose all that apply)
lowered tariffs and trade barriers between the US and its neighbors made North America the largest free-trade zone in the world opened foreign markets to American goods brought cheaper foreign goods into the American marketplace
As a result of the shift in public opinion sparked by the video evidence of violence against black protesters in Birmingham, Alabama, ____________________________________. [choose all that apply]
lunch counters in the city were desegregated city leaders negotiated with King and the SCLC
The defiance of Southern states to the Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education was called "_______________ _________________."
massive resistance
Perhaps the single most important factor in turning Americans against the war was ________________________.
media coverage
Bill Gates started this company to creatively borrow technology, improve it, and sell the resulting product.
microsoft
Richard Nixon was able to win the 1968 Presidential election because he positioned himself as a _______________.
moderate
In what ways was the United States adrift in the 1970s? (choose all that apply)
morally culturally economically politically
Three months after Nixon and Kissinger visited China, they arrived in _______________________.
moscow
How did eligibility requirements for subsidized public housing affect the family structure of residents? [choose all that apply]
most children grew up without fathers since residents were required to be single mothers children grew up unsupervised and undisciplined and often turned to crime
Which popular genre of music allowed African Americans to leave their mark on the music of the 1970s?
motown
The "ethnic cleansing" in Kosovo was an effort to drive what group out of the province?
muslims
The divided liberation of China set the stage for the renewed Chinese civil war that would soon break out between Chiang's _________and__________ Mao's
nationalists communists
Though the Supreme Court had declared that black and white facilities should be "separate but equal," most of the time, separate facilities were _______________. [choose all that apply]
non-existent inferior
When the Korean peninsula was divided, match who received each portion of the land:
north korea / soviet union south korea/ allies
In the late 1960s and early 1970s the primary question causing tension between the United States and the Soviet Union was the _____________ arms race.
nuclear
In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the primary question causing tension between the United States and the Soviet Union was the _____________ arms race.
nuclear
Germany was divided into four _________ ______ which would be self-contained and governed separately from the others.
occupation zones
When were the Iranian hostages released?
on the day Reagan was inaugurated
The "Freedom Summer Project" was a CORE attempt to __________________________.[choose all that apply]
organize a new political party register black voters create "freedom schools" for black children
The biggest of the clashes between President Truman and the Republican Congress was over the question of ________________________.
organized labor
The articles of impeachment passed by the House of Representatives were for _______________? [choose 2]
perjury obstruction of justice
Under Truman, the policy of containment meant that American needed to
play an active role in saving the world from Communism
President Johnson's main education bills ________________. (choose all that apply)
provided funding for local education for the first time created the "Head Start" preschool program provided federal funding to colleges and universities established a subsidized student loan program
Of President Kennedy's five proposed pieces of domestic legislation, which were the only ones to pass without change or exception? (choose all that apply)
relief for "depressed areas" of the country public housing funding
Which of the following can be associated with the economic issues in America during the 1970s? (choose all that apply)
rising inflation decreased standard of living economic stagnation rising energy prices
Which of the following can be associated with the economic issues in America during the 1970s? [choose all that apply]
rising inflation decreased standard of living rising energy prices economic stagnation
Todd Beamer, a passenger on board United Airlines Flight 93, signaled the beginning of their attempt to regain control of the aircraft by shouting, "Let's _______________!"
roll
Though much had changed in the United States following World War II, racial _______________ was still the law of the land, especially in the Deep South.
segregation
The first crack in the Iron Curtain appeared when ______________________.(choose all that apply)
several non-Communist candidates won seats in the Soviet legislature the Soviet Union allowed democratic elections for the first time since 1917
Attitudes in the 1960s regarding marriage and morality may have been influenced by __________________________.
several studies that communicated "everyone" was doing it
In the 1960s, the primary tactic of the Civil Rights Movement was the ___________________.
sit in
During the 1960s, some viewed the use of LSD as a way to reach ________________.
spiritual enlightenment
The "American Reinvestment and Recovery Act" passed in 2009 was referred to by Democrats as the "economic ________________."
stimulus
Part of the problem with the housing market in the 2000s was that banks had been issuing risky ____________ mortgages to people with poor credit.
subprime
Which of the following were new characteristics in fashion during the 1970s? [Choose all that apply]
synthetic fabrics burnt earth tones and vibrant primary colors outlandish clothing styles
The single most important development in American culture in the 1950s was the rise of ________________.
television
When considering whether to continue the war and press across the 38th parallel, what was the fear regarding China?
that China would enter the war in support of the North Koreans
What accusations were published in the newspaper and leaflets against President Kennedy prior to his visit to Texas in 1963? [choose all that apply]
that he was not tough enough on Communists that he was guilty of treason
What promise did Khrushchev receive in return for the end of the Cuban Missile Crisis?
that the Americans would never invade Cuba
What failed CIA plot was damaging to America's reputation and relations with Cuba?
the "Bay of Pigs"
What did President Truman call his domestic program announced after the Election of 1948?
the "Fair Deal"
President Reagan's proposed system of satellites and ground stations that would destroy incoming missiles was called _______________.
the "Strategic Defense Initiative"
President Reagan's proposed system of satellites and ground stations that would destroy incoming missiles was called __________________________.
the "Strategic Defense Initiative"
What domestic terror group began as a means to hamper American efforts to continue the war in Vietnam?
the "Weathermen Underground"
Which of the following contributed to the rise of the modern environmental movement and expanded government action to protect the environment? [choose all that apply]
the "killer smog" in New York in 1965 the publication of Silent Spring the Cuyahoga River fire in Cleveland in 1969
Where was the dividing line between the Allied sector and the Soviet sector of the Korean peninsula?
the 38th parallel latitude
What domestic terror group formed as a means to regain land seized by the federal government?
the American Indian Movement
The Civil Rights Act of 1965 authorized who to send federal election supervisors to states where there were unfair voting registration tactics and had low voter turnout?
the Attorney General of the United States
The shift in culture in the 1960s can be traced to the rebellion of _________________________.
the Baby Boom generation
The changes in rock music over the 1960s came largely through the influence of this British group.
the Beatles
As a part of Nixon's "War on Drugs," Congress passed ____________.
the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act
What group challenged segregation on interstate buses and trains in 1961 with "freedom rides?"
the Congress of Racial Equality
Which of the following contributed to the rise of the modern environmental movement and expanded government action to protect the environment? (choose all that apply)
the Cuyahoga River fire in Cleveland in 1969 the "killer smog" in New York in 1965 the publication of Silent Spring by Carson
The National Security Act created _______________________. [choose all the apply]
the Department of Defense the Central Intelligence Agency
The issues that galvanized evangelicals into action included ________. (choose 2)
the Equal Rights Amendment abortion
What government entity recommended that the United States transition from analog to digital television systems?
the Federal Communications Commission
What feminist organization moved toward the political left and became an active proponent for the legalization of abortion in America?
the National Organization of Women
After the United States declined to send further aid to the Nationalists in China, Mao Zedong founded ____________________________.
the People's Republic of China
The first of Nixon's breakthroughs in relations with Communist countries came with ______________________.
the People's Republic of China
Which of the following are the political party/parties created by Democratic split(s) in the Election of 1948? [choose all that apply]
the Progressive Citizens of America the States' Rights Democratic Party
What event allowed Adolf Hitler to consolidate his power and eventually take control of the German government?
the Reichstag Fire
In response to the momentum caused by sit-ins, black and white students formed ___________________________________.
the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee
The regime that controlled Afghanistan in the early 2000s was called ___________________.
the Taliban
Dallas police concluded that the shots that killed President Kennedy came from _________________________.
the Texas Schoolbook Depository
What factors could have influenced Lyndon Johnson not to run in the 1968 Presidential Election? [choose all that apply]
the War in Vietnam was going poorly and the American public vilified him the War on Poverty was a failure
The first special panel created to investigate the assassination of President Kennedy was ____________________________.
the Warren Commission
Which of the following were targets hit by the 9/11 hijackers? (choose all that apply)
the World Trade Center the Pentagon
The fear that the turn of the new millennium would cause chaos because of an issue with computer programming was called _______________.
the Y2K Panic
What event occurred in reaction to the Waco siege?
the bombing of the Murrah Building in Oklahoma City
A component of the Great Recession was ____________________________. [choose all that apply]
the collapse of the housing market the collapse of global financial markets the collapse of the American auto industry
Components of the Great Recession include (choose all that apply)
the collapse of the housing market the collapse of global financial markets the collapse of the American auto industry
What two industries, in particular, saw massive changes in the 1980s? (choose all that apply)
the computer industry the automotive industry
The single most important factor shaping the growth of the new youth culture was ___________________________________.
the development of rock-n-roll music
When Bill Clinton entered the Presidency, what was the first priority for his administration?
the economy
When it was clear that a free election in Vietnam would result in a Communist victory _____________________.
the election was called off
When it was clear that a free election in Vietnam would result in a Communist victory ________________________.
the election was called off
The issues that galvanized evangelicals into action included __________________.[choose 2]
the equal rights amendment abortion
The biggest difference between the Great Recession and the Great Depression was __________________.
the existence of modern entitlement programs
Ramzi Ahmed Yousef masterminded ______________.
the first World Trade Center attack
The Tet Offensive began on ________________.
the first day of the Vietnamese New Year
An area of great similarity between the Great Depression and the Great Recession was _________________.(choose all that apply)
the housing industry the banking industry
Most scholars would agree that the Great Recession of 2008-2009 began with ______________________.
the housing market
The invention of this Apple device revolutionized the music industry.
the ipod
What Conference did the United States and Great Britain attend to address the punishment for Nazi War Crimes, and how to bring those responsible to justice?
the london conference
One of the primary issues in the Election of 2000 was ____________.
the long-term viability of Social Security
The first uses of computer networks was limited to ______________.
the military and large corporations
The "Ho Chi Minh Trail" was ________________________.
the network of trails that ran from North Vietnam through Laos and into South Vietnam
President Bush withdrew American forces from Iraq in 1991 because _____________________.
the objective was complete
Who rejected the offers of the Marshall Plan?
the soviet union
Nixon's first major accomplishment was victory in ______________.
the space race
What event led to Congress reopening the investigation into the assassination of John F. Kennedy?
the television broadcast of the Zapruder film
How did the government fund Medicare?
through a payroll tax
What was the original purpose of the CIA?
to gather information
What is the job of the UN Security Council?
to oversee and maintain international peace and security
What was the purpose of the March 1965 protest march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama?
to present a petition to Governor George Wallace
What was the purpose of Operation "Menu?"
to scare the North Vietnamese into negotiating a peace settlement
To prevent the President from engaging in a long-term war without Congressional approval and oversight, Congress passed the _____________ ______________ Act in 1973.
war power
The Civil Rights Act of 1960 __________________________________________.
was an attempt to stop Southern limitations on voting rights
The Iran-Contra Affair ________________________________. [choose all that apply]
was developed by Oliver North involved financing and providing weapons to guerillas in Nicaragua involved funneling money from the sale of weapons to Iran to the contras
The Montgomery Bus Boycott _____________________. (choose all that apply)
was inspired by the bravery of Rosa Parks began in Martin Luther King, Jr's church ended the segregation of buses in the United States
The Civil Rights Act of 1957 ____________________. (choose all that apply)
was largely ineffective created a Civil Rights Division in the Department of Justice created a Civil Rights Commission to protect voting rights was passed with the leadership of Lyndon B. Johnson
On what major issue did President Clinton cooperate with Republicans?
welfare reform
According to the Supreme Court's decision, when were individual state and local governments required to desegregate schools?
with all deliberate speed
At the Battle of _____________, UN forces were able to end the retreat and stabilize their battle lines.
wonju