Module 1 homework

Select all that occur during sleep.

-energy is conserved -increased growth of body tissues -increased repair of body tissues

Which nucleus stimulates the muscles to produce the pattern of arm and leg movements associated with walking?

Caudate nucleus

Check all that are a function of the hypothalamus.

Control of autonomic nervous system Control of the endocrine system Control of emotional behavior Control of food and water intake Regulation of sleep-wake rhythms

You walk into a restaurant and amidst the sights, sounds, and smells of food preparation, you notice that you have begun to salivate. This is evidence that a particular neuronal circuit has been activated. Which one?

Converging

What are the white matter tracts that connect the cerebral hemispheres?

Corpus callosum

What is the correct order for the cranial meninges, from superficial to deep?

Dura Mater, Arachnoid Mater, Pia Mater

Which statement is true regarding the action of an oligodendrocyte?

Each oligodendrocyte can form a myelin sheath around many axons simultaneously.

What structure is essential in storing memories and forming long-term memory?

Hippocampus

Myelin sheaths mainly consist of which part of the glial cells that form them?

Plasma Membrane

function of cerebrospinal fluid.

Provides buoyancy to the brain Protects the brain from sudden movements Controls the chemical environment surrounding the brain

Which are the midbrain nuclei that produce dopamine, and thereby affect motor control?

Substantia nigra

Which structure serves as the main relay point for sensory information that is headed to a primary sensory region of the cerebral cortex?

Thalamus

Select all that are true regarding the resting membrane potential.

True-It has a negative value. True-It is measured in millivolts. True-It can range from −40 to −90 millivolts. false-It reflects a more negative voltage in the interstitial fluid compared to the cytosol.

Which cranial nerve is composed of only motor fibers?

VI

If extracellular calcium was absent, which would likely be true?

Vesicles containing neurotransmitter would not merge with the plasma membrane.

The _________blank is a period when a membrane cannot respond to another stimulus (no matter how strong).

absolute refractory period

To enhance the effect acetylcholine has in a particular synapse, a drug may block acetylcholinesterase (AChE) so that

acetylcholine is not destroyed and will remain in the synapse longer.

Brain growth is 95% complete by

age five.

The glial cell with perivascular feet that wrap around capillaries in the CNS is the

astrocyte.

A neuron conducting an impulse from the CNS to the detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder would be classified as a(n) __________ neuron.

autonomic motor

The conductive segment of a neuron is its _______, a region that contains many _______ gated channels.

axon; voltage-

The vasomotor center is an important regulator of ________ and is located in the ________.

blood pressure; medulla oblongata.

Nitric oxide is a neuromodulator that

causes some blood vessels to dilate.

Paired, irregular masses of gray matter buried deep within the central white matter in the basal region of the cerebral hemispheres, inferior to the floor of the lateral ventricle, are the

cerebral nuclei.

Axons of the corticospinal tract cross the brainstem at the

decussation of the pyramids in the medulla oblongata.

Neurons that carry signals from the CNS to skeletal muscle for contraction would be classified as _________blank neurons.

efferent

Paralyzed facial muscles may indicate damage to the _________blank nerve.

facial

Voluntary motor functions, verbal communication, and personality

frontal lobe

A patient with damage to the _________blank will very likely have difficulty in forming new memories.

hippocampus

The part of the limbic system involved in storing memories and forming long-term memory is the

hippocampus.

Formation of new memories involves the ________, and storage of long-term memories primarily involves the ________.

hippocampus; association areas of the cerebrum

If neurotransmitter from Neuron A causes Neuron B to hyperpolarize, this is an example of an

inhibitory postsynaptic potential.

Neuronal pools are composed of

interneurons.

Catecholamines are a subtype of __________ neurotransmitter.

monoamine

Whereas a _________blank is a bundle of axons within the _________blank nervous system, a _________blank is a cluster of cell bodies within the peripheral nervous system.

nerve; peripheral; ganglion

Processes visual input and helps store visual memories

occipital lobe

The cranial nerve that passes through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone is the __________ nerve.

olfactory

A bipolar neuron has

one axon and one dendrite extending from the cell body.

The most crucial factor determining the resting potential of a neuron is the diffusion of

open state of voltage-gated potassium channels.

The hyperpolarization that occurs at the end of an action potential is due to the prolonged

open state of voltage-gated sodium channels.

General sensory functions, such as touch and taste

parietal lobe

The connective tissue wrapping that surrounds bundles (fascicles) of axons is the

perineurium.

The meninx composed of a thin layer of delicate areolar connective tissue that follows every contour of the brain surface is the

pia mater.

The primary motor cortex for control of voluntary muscles is found in the

precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe.

Sensory information from a painful stimulus on the skin will be received by the

primary somatosensory cortex.

The glial cell that protects neuron cell bodies located within ganglia is the

satellite cell.

The monoamine that has functions related to sleep, appetite, cognition, and mood is

serotonin.

The _________blank of the midbrain is responsible for movement, emotional response, and the ability to experience pleasure and pain.

substantia nigra

Involved in hearing and smell

temporal lobe

The lateral sulcus is superior to the

temporal lobe

In cross-section, the outermost portion of the cerebellum is composed of

the cerebellar cortex.

The corpus callosum is composed of commissural fibers, which reflects its function in allowing _________blank to communicate.

the right and left cerebral hemispheres

Select all that are true of oligodendrocytes.

true-They are glial cells found in the CNS. true- They can form myelin around several axons simultaneously. false-They form a neurilemma containing the nucleus and cytoplasm. true- They help form a myelin sheath around CNS axons.

A neuron conducting an impulse from the stomach wall to the CNS would be classified as a(n) __________ neuron.

visceral sensory

Action potentials are generated by the opening of ________ gated channels and they occur on the ________.

voltage-, axon