MUS 127 Listening/Content Quiz 1

Genre

A category of music that refers to the instruments or voices used

Text Setting

A composer finds a suitable text, often a poem, reads it many times, and then determines what sort of music will best suit its sentiments, a procedure called

Diegetic Music

A film music term denoting music whose source (a radio, for example) is part of the plot. Also called source music.

Non diegetic Music

A film music term indicating music used to enhance the plot and characterization but whose source is not identified in the plot

Magical Realism

A flexible, imaginative style in which authors insert elements of fantasy into otherwise realistic plots.

Pogrom

A form of genocide generally initiated by anti-Semitic regimes.

Call-and-Response style

A leader performs phrases of a melody alone, sometimes taking turns with another soloist, and the chorus answers

Public Domain

A legal category that indicates that the intellectual property rights of its creators have expired and that enables the studio to use it with any fee.

Tonal center

A note that serves as a point of reference.

Meter

A regularly recurring pattern of weak and strong beats.

Melody

A series of pitches

Montage

A set of short scenes connected by one piece of music

Plainchant Mass

A setting of the entire mass in plainchant.

Polyphonic Mass

A setting of the entire mass in plainchant.

Vocable

A syllable (often a series of syllables) lacking meaning but employed for expressive or other reasons.

Global South

Africa, parts of Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America *generally more poor

Pitch

Also called notes or tones can be high or low

Bandoneón

An accordion-like instrument in which the player presses buttons while managing the bellows. German Origin. Often featured in tango and is much associated with Argentina.

Theme/Motive

An extended musical idea, often a melody, which a composer takes as a point of departure for further extension or development.

Chekere

An idiophone made from a hollowed-out gourd covered with loosely hung bead netting, which resonates against the shell of the instrument when the gourd is shaken.

Communion

At a predetermined point during the mass, worshipers process to the altar and receive bread, in the form of a wafer, and wine, a practice that has endured for centuries.

Tonality

Depends on tonal center

Batá drums

Double-headed, shaped like an hourglass, and played in sets of three. Imbued with a spiritual force, one that aids communication with the orichas and, according to Cuban tradition, may be played only by men.

Maya

Existed since before 2000 BCE, living in a region that comprised present-day southeast Mexico, the Yucatán peninsula, and parts of Guatemala, Belize, and Honduras. Two main languages have been spoken in this region: Quiche in the south and Yucatec in the north.

Cosmology

Explains how the world and the universe came to be, often emphasizing some act of creation by a deity or deities.

Missions

Focused on spirituality and sustainability. Natives learned Spanish, Latin, reading and writing, new agricultural methods, and, as noted, musical skills.

Encomienda

Forced labor that, many argue, amounted to slavery

Yoruba

From southwestern Nigeria and southern Benin. Religious traditions involve deities called orichas, each known for certain qualities and abilities.

Pentecostal

Have made music part of their message, strategically anticipating the tastes of their target population to ensure that the music heard in the service or in religious broadcasting is the same music people enjoy outside of church.

pan-Latin Americanism

Implies an essential bond among the Latin American republics.

Villancico

In Latin American music, a religious but nonliturgical composition in the vernacular, including indigenous languages such as Nahuatl and Quechua. Sometimes translated as "Christmas carol."

Counter Reformation

Increasing evangelization around the globe, including in Latin America; in Europe, religious wars raged until the mid-seventeenth century.

Nahautl

Indigenous language spoken by Mexica people found in central Mexico by Cortes

Aymara

Indigenous language spoken by people in the Andean region *there were people who rapped in Aymara

Quechua

Indigenous language spoken by the Inca people in the Andean region

Inca

Inhabitants of what is now Peru, worshiped six main gods, among them Viracocha, who created the Earth and all living things; another was Inti, the sun god and the progenitor of Incan rulers

Plainchant

Involves a single melodic line sung without accompaniment, is an example of monophonic texture.

Fieldwork

Involves going to the actual place where a certain type of music is performed (the field), learning how to play this music from local teachers, and interviewing performers and listeners.

Cultural Appropriation

Involves incorporating or adapting the characteristics of a particular culture's music into one's own. *Can be a sign of respect but is also problematic when performers receive royalties and the ordinates do not get credit

Converso

Jews who had converted to Catholicism

Tonal Language

Languages in which the pitch of the speaker's voice affects meaning or grammar.

Mexican Revolution

Lasting from 1910 to 1921, the Revolution brought down the thirty-five-year regime of strongman Porfirio Díaz (1830-1915), ending the span of decades known as the porfiriato, a period characterized by internal peace and economic growth—for the wealthy.

Aztec

Lived around Tenochtitlán, present day Mexico City

Mexica

Lived in what is now central Mexico.

Mestizaje, mesiçagem

Mixing of African and European people

Popular music

Modern, urban, and mass-mediated

Taíno

Most numerous indigenous population in the Caribbean at the time of Bartholomew de las Casas.

Cantorial

Musical settings of prayers and other texts in the Jewish worship service.

Traditional music

Often not written down, although it may be. It is often participatory, without the dividing line that classical and much popular music imposes between performer and public.

Black Legend

Overwhelmingly negative image of Spanish-speaking peoples in the Americas

Presentational versus Participatory

Popular music is generally nonparticipatory or presentational in that a professional artist performs for a ticket-buying public that is separated from the artists on stage.be. Traditional music is often participatory, without the dividing line that classical and much popular music imposes between performer and public.

Foreshadowing

Preparing the viewer for the next scene through music

Classical music

Refers to that of Western Europe, where it was generally written down by a composer.

Yanantin

Refers to the union of two interdependent but different elements.

Oricha

Religion deities each known for certain qualities and abilities

Ethnomusicologist

Research traditional and popular music and are often trained in anthropology.

Mass

Roman Catholic Church celebration

Plot Point

Significant event in the story

Preexisting music

Some film music is not newly composed but already exists

Timbre

Sound quality or color

Shaman

Spiritual Healer

Evangelization

Spreading the message of Catholicism.

Form

Structure The way sections of music unfold in time.

Genocide

Systematic killing of a particular people

Protestant Reformation

Thanks to its leaders Martin Luther (1483-1546) and Jean (John) Calvin (1509-64), many people turned away from Catholicism.

Global North

The US, Canada, Western Europe, and parts of Asia

Florentine Codex

The best-known manuscript of this famous book

Aesthetics

The branch of philosophy concerned with evaluating works of art *Culturally conditioned

Toltec

The deity Quetzalcoatl, the feathered serpent and patron of the powerful priesthood, is actually a god of the Toltec religion, a civilization older than that of the Mexica.

Cabildo

The literal translation of which is "council" but which in practice resembled a support or community group for enslaved Africans of a particular ethnic or language background.

Vernacular

The local language

Arawak

The most prominent group in Cuba.

Film Score

The music the film composer creates is notated

Opening credits

The part before the film proper begins and in which members of the creative team are acknowledged.

End credits

The portion at the very end of a film or television program in which all the collaborators are listed, and which normally involves music.

Antiphonal singing

The practice of singing in alternating choruses, which are often stationed at different areas of the performance space.

Cantor

The principle singer in Jewish worship

Sequence

The repetition of melody or a chord progression at a different pitch level than at which it initially sounded

Musicologist

The study of music history and criticism. Focused on the Western European canon.

Culture

The sum of attitudes, customs, and beliefs that distinguishes one group of people from another, transmitted, through language, material objects, ritual, institutions, and art, from one generation to the next.

Santería

The timbral variety of "talking drums," call-and-response singing, the mixture of languages, and uninhibited movement define this Afro-Cuban expression.

Rhythm

The way in which music is organized in time.

Syncretism

This melding of cultural practices, in which ostensibly conflicting belief systems emerge in new and unexpected ways

Pinkuyullu

Vertical 6 note flute

Selk'nam

Were among the last aboriginal groups in South America to make contact with Europeans. From Tierra Del Fuego

Tempo

musical speed