My Exam 2

Communication

A process through which you send messages to and receive messages from others.

Osteoporosis is related to a loss of which of the following?

Estrogen

Formal operations

in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts

Receptive aphasia

inability to understand spoken or written words

Late adulthood

integrity vs despair, 65 or older

Which of the following statements indicates that an individual has not achieved the major development task of middle age?

"I'm not the man I was when I was 20; I used to be captain of the football team you know."

Self-management

"Self-management is the ability of individuals and/or their caregivers to engage in the daily tasks required to maintain health and well-being or to manage the physical, psychological, behavioral, and emotional sequelae of a chronic disease based on their knowledge of the condition, its consequences, and the plan of care co-developed with their health care team."

A middle-age female friend jokingly tells you, "lately I feel like I'm losing my mind, I cry at the drop of a hat, I can't sleep, and I'm tired all the time." Which of the following is the best response?

"You could be experiencing symptoms of menopause, have you noticed a change in your menstrual cycle?"

Atrophy

(n.) the wasting away of a body organ or tissue; any progressive decline or failure; (v.) to waste away

Orem's Theory of Self-Care

-deliberate action in response to a need -is a learned behavior - focuses on a client's ability to perform self-care activities - since it focuses on deficits in care, it primarily addresses illness states

YOUNG ADULTHOOD A. Definition

20 and 40 years of age Early adulthood Legal age of adulthood in the United States is18 years of age

Young adulthood

20-40 years

Middle adulthood

40-65 years, generativity vs stagnation

While working with young college-aged students, the counselor would identify an increased risk for coping issues for which of the following students?

A 21-year-old single male who is raising two children under the age of 4

Family

A basic human social system that involves commitment and interaction among its members. This commitment includes a responsibility for the physical and emotional well-being and successful development of the children in that family

Dysfunctional family

A family that provides a negative environment that discourages the growth and development of family members.

Nuclear family

A married couple and their unmarried children living together.

Health Belief Model

A theory of health behaviors; the model predicts that whether a person practices a particular health habit can be understood by knowing the degree to which the person perceives a personal health threat and the perception that a particular health practice will be effective in reducing that threat.

LATE ADULTHOOD M. Challenges and Problems

Access to health care Reduced income Changes in living arrangements Caregiver assistance Altered nutritional needs Assistive devices Preventing falls Polypharmacy Elder or dependent abuse

Which of the following are risk factors for glaucoma

Advancing age c) Diabetes e) Need for glasses as a child f) Brown eyes

To promote positive health habits for young adults, the nurse will

Assist in the development of an exercise plan

State three childrearing styles

Autocratic style Democratic style Laissez-faire style

ADVANCED OLD AGE & GERIATRICS S. Theories of the Aging Process

Biological, psychological, physiological, and sociological aspects of aging Goal is to maximize the ability to function and to live independently and to shorten the period of illness and disability

ADVANCED OLD AGE & GERIATRICS T. Physiological Changes

Bones and cartilage Blood vessels Lungs Kidneys and bladder Metabolism Digestion Teeth Skin Eyes Ears Nervous system

While counseling a group of middle-age women about normal changes of aging, which of the following suggestions would be included?

Changes in estrogen levels can lead to dry skin, thinning hair, and increased vaginal dryness.

While performing a physical examination on a healthy 91-year-old female, the nurse would expect which of the following findings?

Client reports she lives in a nursing home

List the effects culture has on personal values, beliefs, and behaviors of family members

Cultural assimilation Cultural relativism Culture shock Ethnocentrism Cultural competence

What can lead to increased toxic effects of alcohol use in late adulthood

Decreased organ size and function

What causes a decrease in height during the aging process

Degeneration of spinal disks

LATE ADULTHOOD L. Definition

Encompassing the ages between 65 and 74 years Many people in the late-adulthood phase of the life cycle postpone retirement and remain active in the workforce

YOUNG ADULTHOOD B. Developmental Tasks

Erickson: Intimacy versus Isolation Achieve the tasks of becoming self-supportive, acquiring independence, developing intimate relationships, and establishing a stable family and lifestyle Developmental process from adolescence to adulthood is most often a gradual one

Integrity vs despair

Erikson's final stage in which those near the end of life look back and evaluate their lives

Intimacy vs Isolation

Erikson's stage in which individuals form deeply personal relationships, marry, begin families

Generativity vs. Stagnation (middle adulthood)

Erikson's theory of psychosocial development where: successfully nurturing others and providing legacies brings feelings of accomplishment and usefulness OR failure, shallow world involvemenbt

YOUNG ADULTHOOD F. Teaching Techniques

F 2.5 of moderatey intense aerobic exercie every week

Family Developmental stage

Family is central to the plan of care for any individual family member. Identify and value the strengths of the family network Understand the developmental stages and tasks of families and individuals Home-care services Listen to the family's perception of the problem

Compliance

Following prescribed treatments

MIDDLE ADULTHOOD H. Developmental Tasks -Erikson

Generativity vs Stagnation Maintaining a positive self-image is important Identity accommodation Effect of the spouse or significant other on continued development and life stability is important

LATE ADULTHOOD O. Clinical disease

Good health in older people is often defined as the absence of disease or disability Normal body changes resulting from aging, such as ovarian failure or menopause, place a risk on the cardiovascular, bone, and metabolic systems

In preparing for a college health fair, which of the following topics would reflect Healthy People 2020 goals

Healthy nutrition, Sports related injury prevention d) Substance use e) Positive mental health practices

While assisting with meal provision for an 89-year-old man, which of the following actions taken by the nurse is most important

Help the client sit upright

Describe the role of health care providers in family-centered health care

Identification of issues through assessment Patient and family teaching Referrals for appropriate resources, such as Mental health Social work Nutritional support Caregiver support

ADVANCED OLD AGE & GERIATRICS W. Developmental Tasks

Integrity vs despair Adjusting to retirement Adjusting to and accepting the frailties of aging and the accompanying changes in physical appearance and lifestyles

YOUNG ADULTHOOD E. Psychosocial Development - Erikson

Intellectual and creative skills and abilities peak Piaget believed that the development of the formal operation of thinking extends into adulthood Postformal operational thought

Define family dynamics

Interrelationships between and among individual family members OR The forces at work within a family that produce particular behaviors or symptoms

Which theorists believed that an individual must be capable of the formal operational level of thought before achieving mature moral reasoning?

Kohlberg

LATE ADULTHOOD Q. Teaching Techniques

Learner must be motivated to learn Teaching must be relevant to the learner and appropriate to the developmental stage and abilities of the learner Learning is enhanced if mutual respect exists between teacher and learner

A 65-year-old woman who recently lost her husband comes to the clinic for her first examination in 5 years. Which of the following actions will best promote a positive health-care experience?

Listen carefully and allow extra time for the health interview

MIDDLE ADULTHOOD I. Challenges

Maintaining optimum cognitive functioning is necessary Adjusting to changes in relationships Continue their education Marital separation, divorce, major illness or injury, loss of income, or unplanned pregnancy "Empty nest" syndrome

LATE ADULTHOOD N. Psychosocial Development & Issues -Erikson

Many developmental tasks and related challenges Those with healthy attitudes and coping skills are able to find fulfillment and meaning in their lives Weight gain, dental problems, diminished eyesight and hearing, decreased mobility, and changes in body image are some issues that create difficulty

List the developmental stages of a family

Marriage Childbearing Childrearing Child launching Contracting family Aging family

YOUNG ADULTHOOD D. Women's Health & Men's Health

May be at a higher risk for injury Seek health care or guidance less frequently than women Testicular self-examination Free clinics for STD testing and treatment Health and fitness clubs

In preparation for teaching an older adult, the care provider would base interventions on which of the following principles

Memory exercises should be done before and after the teaching session

Middle adulthood Women's health

Menopause Hot flashes Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapy

ADVANCED OLD AGE & GERIATRICS X. Role of the Healthcare Worker

Minor changes in the environment can enhance their ability to function Important to observe family interaction

ADVANCED OLD AGE & GERIATRICS V. Psychological Changes - Erikson

Negative self-image may affect his or her ability to function The aging process is a gradual one that provides time for coping and adaptation to physical changes Role adjustments require adaptation and acceptance

Mandatory report

Neglect Physical abuse Financial abuse Emotional abuse

Partial non-intentional adherence

Non-purposefully forgets/misses neglects

Recognize various types of family structures

Nuclear family Married-parent families Extended families Married blended families Cohabitating-parent families Single-parent families No-parent families Same-sex families

Concordance

Patient & provider in agreement regarding relevance & importance of interventions and goal setting for health maintenance

YOUNG ADULTHOOD C. Physiological Changes

Physical health, motor coordination, and physiological performance typically peak between the ages of 20 and 30 Epiphyses of the long bones fuse by the early twenties Muscular strength is at its peak Heart and lungs are also at their peak capacitySuccessful learning for adults always involves relating the information they are learning to the appropriate developmental tasks they are experiencing Should be interactive, problem oriented, and related to daily psychosocial tasks at work, home, or school

Sexting

Sending or posting sexually suggestive content with images or text messages

Middle Adulthood mens health

Sexual concerns Male climacteric involves a gradual decline in the blood concentration of testosterone Testosterone-replacement therapy

Identify characteristics of a family that effect the development of children

Size of Family Dual-Careers Spacing of Siblings Divorce Stepchildren and Foster Children Chronic Illness Use of Child-Care Services

Assistive devices

Special equipment that helps a person who is ill or disabled to perform ADLS; also called adaptive devices.

ADVANCED OLD AGE & GERIATRICS U. Sexuality

Specific changes in sexual responses occur Continue to have sexual feelings Cosmetic surgery Aging without protest

MIDDLE ADULTHOOD K. Teaching Techniques

Stress can inhibit or motivate learning Incorporate the independence and competencies of the adult learner Provide information that coincides with the concerns and stresses

Young adulthood. Teaching Technique

Successful learning for adults always involves relating the information they are learning to the appropriate developmental tasks they are experiencing Should be interactive, problem oriented, and related to daily psychosocial tasks at work, home, or school

While developing an outreach program for middle-age men, which of the following best serves as the motivation for increased availability of health screening?

Testosterone-replacement therapy can help reduce the impact of many common health problems

Adherence

The extent to which a person' s behavior—taking medication, following a diet, or making healthy lifestyle changes—corresponds with agreed-upon recommendations from a health-care provider (World Health Organization, 2003)

Expressive aphasia

The inability to produce language ( despite being able to understand language)

MIDDLE ADULTHOOD G. Definition

The period of development after the early adult years but before retirement Between 40 and 60 years of age Some theorists suggest that developmental changes are gradual and progressive, but others express the concept of passing through distinct stages

As the nurse prepares to give a newly ordered medication to a geriatric client, increased monitoring for signs of toxicity will be based on which of the following principles

The rate that the kidneys filter the blood increases with age.

Which theory of aging involves apoptosis

The wear and tear theory

The process of integrating various points of view to develop knowledge and understanding is referred to as which of the following?

Transitional thought process

To successfully teach a middle-aged adult, what would be the most important thing for the nurse to know about the learner?

Typical concerns

Family Systems Theory

View the family as a UNIT of interconnections A family system is part of a larger supra-system Family as a whole is greater than the sum of members Change in one family member impacts all members Natural tendency to seek stability Family therapy is highly valuable

Middle Adulthood screening

Vision testing Dental checkups Blood pressure monitoring/screening Lipid screening (cholesterol, triglycerides) Cardiovascular screening (EKG, stress test) Colorectal cancer screening Breast exam, mammogram, Pap smear Testicular exam, prostate cancer screening

ADVANCED OLD AGE & GERIATRICS R. Definition

Young-old: 65 to 75 Old: 76 to 84 Old-old: 85 to 99 Elite-old: 100 and older

Stagnation

a discontinuation of development and a desire to recapture the past

Dual-career family

a family in which both spouses work outside the home with careers of their own

Partial intentional adherence

adjusting dose/frequency (increase or decrease)

Paralinguistics

all aspects of spoken language except the words themselves; includes rate, volume, pitch, stress

Mid-life crisis

an emotional crisis of identity and self-confidence that can occur in early middle age.

The health-care worker identifies age-related memory impairment in the older adult who says

b) "I forgot I went to the store this morning until I went again this afternoon."

Patient engagement

having the knowledge, skills, ability, and willingness to be an active participant in one's health and health care

Osteoporosis

loss of bone density

Geriatrics

medical treatment and care of old age

Metacommunication

messages (usually relational) that refer to other messages; communication about communication

Self-efficacy

one's sense of competence and effectiveness

Apoptosis

programmed cell death

Activities of daily living

the activities usually done during a normal day in a person's life

Linguistics

the scientific study of the structure, sounds, and meaning of language

Family systems theory

views the family as a functioning unit that solves problems, makes decisions, and achieves collective goals