My Exam 2
Communication
A process through which you send messages to and receive messages from others.
Osteoporosis is related to a loss of which of the following?
Estrogen
Formal operations
in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts
Receptive aphasia
inability to understand spoken or written words
Late adulthood
integrity vs despair, 65 or older
Which of the following statements indicates that an individual has not achieved the major development task of middle age?
"I'm not the man I was when I was 20; I used to be captain of the football team you know."
Self-management
"Self-management is the ability of individuals and/or their caregivers to engage in the daily tasks required to maintain health and well-being or to manage the physical, psychological, behavioral, and emotional sequelae of a chronic disease based on their knowledge of the condition, its consequences, and the plan of care co-developed with their health care team."
A middle-age female friend jokingly tells you, "lately I feel like I'm losing my mind, I cry at the drop of a hat, I can't sleep, and I'm tired all the time." Which of the following is the best response?
"You could be experiencing symptoms of menopause, have you noticed a change in your menstrual cycle?"
Atrophy
(n.) the wasting away of a body organ or tissue; any progressive decline or failure; (v.) to waste away
Orem's Theory of Self-Care
-deliberate action in response to a need -is a learned behavior - focuses on a client's ability to perform self-care activities - since it focuses on deficits in care, it primarily addresses illness states
YOUNG ADULTHOOD A. Definition
20 and 40 years of age Early adulthood Legal age of adulthood in the United States is18 years of age
Young adulthood
20-40 years
Middle adulthood
40-65 years, generativity vs stagnation
While working with young college-aged students, the counselor would identify an increased risk for coping issues for which of the following students?
A 21-year-old single male who is raising two children under the age of 4
Family
A basic human social system that involves commitment and interaction among its members. This commitment includes a responsibility for the physical and emotional well-being and successful development of the children in that family
Dysfunctional family
A family that provides a negative environment that discourages the growth and development of family members.
Nuclear family
A married couple and their unmarried children living together.
Health Belief Model
A theory of health behaviors; the model predicts that whether a person practices a particular health habit can be understood by knowing the degree to which the person perceives a personal health threat and the perception that a particular health practice will be effective in reducing that threat.
LATE ADULTHOOD M. Challenges and Problems
Access to health care Reduced income Changes in living arrangements Caregiver assistance Altered nutritional needs Assistive devices Preventing falls Polypharmacy Elder or dependent abuse
Which of the following are risk factors for glaucoma
Advancing age c) Diabetes e) Need for glasses as a child f) Brown eyes
To promote positive health habits for young adults, the nurse will
Assist in the development of an exercise plan
State three childrearing styles
Autocratic style Democratic style Laissez-faire style
ADVANCED OLD AGE & GERIATRICS S. Theories of the Aging Process
Biological, psychological, physiological, and sociological aspects of aging Goal is to maximize the ability to function and to live independently and to shorten the period of illness and disability
ADVANCED OLD AGE & GERIATRICS T. Physiological Changes
Bones and cartilage Blood vessels Lungs Kidneys and bladder Metabolism Digestion Teeth Skin Eyes Ears Nervous system
While counseling a group of middle-age women about normal changes of aging, which of the following suggestions would be included?
Changes in estrogen levels can lead to dry skin, thinning hair, and increased vaginal dryness.
While performing a physical examination on a healthy 91-year-old female, the nurse would expect which of the following findings?
Client reports she lives in a nursing home
List the effects culture has on personal values, beliefs, and behaviors of family members
Cultural assimilation Cultural relativism Culture shock Ethnocentrism Cultural competence
What can lead to increased toxic effects of alcohol use in late adulthood
Decreased organ size and function
What causes a decrease in height during the aging process
Degeneration of spinal disks
LATE ADULTHOOD L. Definition
Encompassing the ages between 65 and 74 years Many people in the late-adulthood phase of the life cycle postpone retirement and remain active in the workforce
YOUNG ADULTHOOD B. Developmental Tasks
Erickson: Intimacy versus Isolation Achieve the tasks of becoming self-supportive, acquiring independence, developing intimate relationships, and establishing a stable family and lifestyle Developmental process from adolescence to adulthood is most often a gradual one
Integrity vs despair
Erikson's final stage in which those near the end of life look back and evaluate their lives
Intimacy vs Isolation
Erikson's stage in which individuals form deeply personal relationships, marry, begin families
Generativity vs. Stagnation (middle adulthood)
Erikson's theory of psychosocial development where: successfully nurturing others and providing legacies brings feelings of accomplishment and usefulness OR failure, shallow world involvemenbt
YOUNG ADULTHOOD F. Teaching Techniques
F 2.5 of moderatey intense aerobic exercie every week
Family Developmental stage
Family is central to the plan of care for any individual family member. Identify and value the strengths of the family network Understand the developmental stages and tasks of families and individuals Home-care services Listen to the family's perception of the problem
Compliance
Following prescribed treatments
MIDDLE ADULTHOOD H. Developmental Tasks -Erikson
Generativity vs Stagnation Maintaining a positive self-image is important Identity accommodation Effect of the spouse or significant other on continued development and life stability is important
LATE ADULTHOOD O. Clinical disease
Good health in older people is often defined as the absence of disease or disability Normal body changes resulting from aging, such as ovarian failure or menopause, place a risk on the cardiovascular, bone, and metabolic systems
In preparing for a college health fair, which of the following topics would reflect Healthy People 2020 goals
Healthy nutrition, Sports related injury prevention d) Substance use e) Positive mental health practices
While assisting with meal provision for an 89-year-old man, which of the following actions taken by the nurse is most important
Help the client sit upright
Describe the role of health care providers in family-centered health care
Identification of issues through assessment Patient and family teaching Referrals for appropriate resources, such as Mental health Social work Nutritional support Caregiver support
ADVANCED OLD AGE & GERIATRICS W. Developmental Tasks
Integrity vs despair Adjusting to retirement Adjusting to and accepting the frailties of aging and the accompanying changes in physical appearance and lifestyles
YOUNG ADULTHOOD E. Psychosocial Development - Erikson
Intellectual and creative skills and abilities peak Piaget believed that the development of the formal operation of thinking extends into adulthood Postformal operational thought
Define family dynamics
Interrelationships between and among individual family members OR The forces at work within a family that produce particular behaviors or symptoms
Which theorists believed that an individual must be capable of the formal operational level of thought before achieving mature moral reasoning?
Kohlberg
LATE ADULTHOOD Q. Teaching Techniques
Learner must be motivated to learn Teaching must be relevant to the learner and appropriate to the developmental stage and abilities of the learner Learning is enhanced if mutual respect exists between teacher and learner
A 65-year-old woman who recently lost her husband comes to the clinic for her first examination in 5 years. Which of the following actions will best promote a positive health-care experience?
Listen carefully and allow extra time for the health interview
MIDDLE ADULTHOOD I. Challenges
Maintaining optimum cognitive functioning is necessary Adjusting to changes in relationships Continue their education Marital separation, divorce, major illness or injury, loss of income, or unplanned pregnancy "Empty nest" syndrome
LATE ADULTHOOD N. Psychosocial Development & Issues -Erikson
Many developmental tasks and related challenges Those with healthy attitudes and coping skills are able to find fulfillment and meaning in their lives Weight gain, dental problems, diminished eyesight and hearing, decreased mobility, and changes in body image are some issues that create difficulty
List the developmental stages of a family
Marriage Childbearing Childrearing Child launching Contracting family Aging family
YOUNG ADULTHOOD D. Women's Health & Men's Health
May be at a higher risk for injury Seek health care or guidance less frequently than women Testicular self-examination Free clinics for STD testing and treatment Health and fitness clubs
In preparation for teaching an older adult, the care provider would base interventions on which of the following principles
Memory exercises should be done before and after the teaching session
Middle adulthood Women's health
Menopause Hot flashes Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapy
ADVANCED OLD AGE & GERIATRICS X. Role of the Healthcare Worker
Minor changes in the environment can enhance their ability to function Important to observe family interaction
ADVANCED OLD AGE & GERIATRICS V. Psychological Changes - Erikson
Negative self-image may affect his or her ability to function The aging process is a gradual one that provides time for coping and adaptation to physical changes Role adjustments require adaptation and acceptance
Mandatory report
Neglect Physical abuse Financial abuse Emotional abuse
Partial non-intentional adherence
Non-purposefully forgets/misses neglects
Recognize various types of family structures
Nuclear family Married-parent families Extended families Married blended families Cohabitating-parent families Single-parent families No-parent families Same-sex families
Concordance
Patient & provider in agreement regarding relevance & importance of interventions and goal setting for health maintenance
YOUNG ADULTHOOD C. Physiological Changes
Physical health, motor coordination, and physiological performance typically peak between the ages of 20 and 30 Epiphyses of the long bones fuse by the early twenties Muscular strength is at its peak Heart and lungs are also at their peak capacitySuccessful learning for adults always involves relating the information they are learning to the appropriate developmental tasks they are experiencing Should be interactive, problem oriented, and related to daily psychosocial tasks at work, home, or school
Sexting
Sending or posting sexually suggestive content with images or text messages
Middle Adulthood mens health
Sexual concerns Male climacteric involves a gradual decline in the blood concentration of testosterone Testosterone-replacement therapy
Identify characteristics of a family that effect the development of children
Size of Family Dual-Careers Spacing of Siblings Divorce Stepchildren and Foster Children Chronic Illness Use of Child-Care Services
Assistive devices
Special equipment that helps a person who is ill or disabled to perform ADLS; also called adaptive devices.
ADVANCED OLD AGE & GERIATRICS U. Sexuality
Specific changes in sexual responses occur Continue to have sexual feelings Cosmetic surgery Aging without protest
MIDDLE ADULTHOOD K. Teaching Techniques
Stress can inhibit or motivate learning Incorporate the independence and competencies of the adult learner Provide information that coincides with the concerns and stresses
Young adulthood. Teaching Technique
Successful learning for adults always involves relating the information they are learning to the appropriate developmental tasks they are experiencing Should be interactive, problem oriented, and related to daily psychosocial tasks at work, home, or school
While developing an outreach program for middle-age men, which of the following best serves as the motivation for increased availability of health screening?
Testosterone-replacement therapy can help reduce the impact of many common health problems
Adherence
The extent to which a person' s behavior—taking medication, following a diet, or making healthy lifestyle changes—corresponds with agreed-upon recommendations from a health-care provider (World Health Organization, 2003)
Expressive aphasia
The inability to produce language ( despite being able to understand language)
MIDDLE ADULTHOOD G. Definition
The period of development after the early adult years but before retirement Between 40 and 60 years of age Some theorists suggest that developmental changes are gradual and progressive, but others express the concept of passing through distinct stages
As the nurse prepares to give a newly ordered medication to a geriatric client, increased monitoring for signs of toxicity will be based on which of the following principles
The rate that the kidneys filter the blood increases with age.
Which theory of aging involves apoptosis
The wear and tear theory
The process of integrating various points of view to develop knowledge and understanding is referred to as which of the following?
Transitional thought process
To successfully teach a middle-aged adult, what would be the most important thing for the nurse to know about the learner?
Typical concerns
Family Systems Theory
View the family as a UNIT of interconnections A family system is part of a larger supra-system Family as a whole is greater than the sum of members Change in one family member impacts all members Natural tendency to seek stability Family therapy is highly valuable
Middle Adulthood screening
Vision testing Dental checkups Blood pressure monitoring/screening Lipid screening (cholesterol, triglycerides) Cardiovascular screening (EKG, stress test) Colorectal cancer screening Breast exam, mammogram, Pap smear Testicular exam, prostate cancer screening
ADVANCED OLD AGE & GERIATRICS R. Definition
Young-old: 65 to 75 Old: 76 to 84 Old-old: 85 to 99 Elite-old: 100 and older
Stagnation
a discontinuation of development and a desire to recapture the past
Dual-career family
a family in which both spouses work outside the home with careers of their own
Partial intentional adherence
adjusting dose/frequency (increase or decrease)
Paralinguistics
all aspects of spoken language except the words themselves; includes rate, volume, pitch, stress
Mid-life crisis
an emotional crisis of identity and self-confidence that can occur in early middle age.
The health-care worker identifies age-related memory impairment in the older adult who says
b) "I forgot I went to the store this morning until I went again this afternoon."
Patient engagement
having the knowledge, skills, ability, and willingness to be an active participant in one's health and health care
Osteoporosis
loss of bone density
Geriatrics
medical treatment and care of old age
Metacommunication
messages (usually relational) that refer to other messages; communication about communication
Self-efficacy
one's sense of competence and effectiveness
Apoptosis
programmed cell death
Activities of daily living
the activities usually done during a normal day in a person's life
Linguistics
the scientific study of the structure, sounds, and meaning of language
Family systems theory
views the family as a functioning unit that solves problems, makes decisions, and achieves collective goals
