Nasm section 3 quiz
The pancreas secretes which of the following hormones? Insulin Testosterone Growth hormone Insulin-like growth factor
A. INSULIN
What is a characteristic of a type I muscle fiber? A. Less force production B. Fewer capillaries C. Larger in size D. Quick to fatigue
A. LESS FORCE PRODUCTION
What is the fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone? Ligament Collagen Tendon Elastin
A. LIGAMENT
What term is used to describe the concept of how the functioning of one body segment can impact other areas of the body? Biomechanics Regional interdependence Osteokinematics Kinesiology
B. REGIONAL INTERDEPENDENCE
Which heart chamber receives deoxygenated blood and pumps it to the lungs? Left ventricle Right ventricle Left atrium Right atrium
B. RIGHT VENTRICLE
What is the bone type of the clavicle, radius, and ulna?
Long
Low-intensity activity burns a higher proportion of fat as fuel, but if someone wanted to burn the most total calories from any substrate, which of the following activities would be most effective? 20 minutes of low-intensity activity 20 minutes of walking 20 minutes of moderate-intensity activity 5 minutes of high-intensity activity
20 min of moderate-intensity activity
At what age is total peak bone mass reached? 30 18 25 35
30
How many Essential Amino Acids (EAAs) are there? 9 3 11 7
9
What are the fat soluble vitamins?
A,D,E, and K
What is a normal respiratory rate for an adult during rest? 15 breaths per minute 19 breaths per minute 25 breaths per minute 7 breaths per minute
A. 15 BREATHS PER MIN
What is the optimal amount of protein per meal for muscle protein synthesis? 20 to 40 g 15 to 20 g 60 to 70 g 30 to 50 g
A. 20 to 40 G
Which of the following processes describes the passage of digested food into the blood system to be processed for energy, nutrients, and tissue building? Absorption Mastication Peristalsis Motility
A. ABSORPTION
The anterior oblique subsystem includes which of the following muscle groups? Adductor (inner) thigh muscles, obliques, and hip external rotators Thoracolumbar fascia and contralateral gluteus maximus Adductors (inner thigh) and contralateral quadratus lumborum Hamstrings and erector spinae
A. ADDUCTOR (INNER) THIGH MUSCLES, OBLIQUES, AND HIP EXTERNAL ROTATORS
When a person loses body weight, what is the only way that mass is lost? As exhaled carbon dioxide As exhaled oxygen As ATP As water
A. AS EXHALED CARBON DIOXIDE
What are the end products of the electron transport chain? ATP and water ADP and water ATP and oxygen ADP and hydrogen ions
A. ATP-WATER (H20)
Which of the following statements would be accurate with regard to muscle force and velocity during an eccentric muscle action? A. As the contraction velocity increases the ability to develop force also increases. B. As the contraction velocity decreases, the ability to develop force increases. C. As the contraction velocity decreases, the force remains constant. D. As the contraction velocity increases, the ability to develop force decreases.
A. As the contraction velocity increases the ability to develop force also increases.
Which of these is one of the major curvatures of the spine from a posterior view? Concave lumbar curve Convex cervical curve Convex lumbar curve Concave thoracic curve
A. CONCAVE LUMBAR CURVE
Stored energy from an efficiently functioning stretch-shortening cycle is released during which muscle action? Concentric Isokinetic Isometric Eccentric
A. CONCENTRIC
During normal walking, the pelvis rotates in what plane to facilitate the necessary momentum for the swing phase? Frontal Transverse Sagittal Axial
A. FRONTAL
Which of the following effects of the cardiovascular system occurs during exercise? Increased ventricular filling Venous pooling Decreased venous return Decreased ventricular filling
A. INCREASED VENTRICULAR FILING
What is adaptive thermogenesis? Metabolic adaptations and changes in energy expenditure due to changes in energy intake Increased heat production due to changes in energy expenditure Changes in energy intake due to changes in energy expenditure Adaptations to exercise due to changes in energy intake
A. METABOLIC ADAPTATIONS AND CHANGES IN ENERGY EXPENDITURE DUE TO CHANGES IN ENERGY INTAKE
Which type of training would most likely lead to increased levels of testosterone, insulin-like growth factors, and growth hormone? A. Overload training that is of a high intensity with limited rest periods B. Overload training that is of a low intensity with limited rest periods C. Overload training that is of a high intensity with prolonged rest periods D. Overload training that is of low intensity with prolonged rest periods
A. Overload training that is of a high intensity with limited rest
What is the process by which bone is constantly renewed? Remodeling Osteoporosis Neuroplasticity Wolff's law
A. REMODELING
Improved performance during a plyometric jump is dependent upon which of the following? A. Rapid amortization phase B. Prolonged amortization phase C. Absent stretch reflex D. Release of stored energy during concentric phase
A. Rapid amortization phase
The difference between the end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes is referred to as what? Stroke volume Cardiac output Venous return Resting heart rate
A. STROKE VOLUME
Abnormal breathing may be associated with which of the following effects? A. Shallow rapid breaths with use of the sternocleidomastoid B. Slow inhalation through the nose with limited chest movement C. Slow inhalation with expansion of the stomach D. Deep breaths with use of the diaphragm
A. Shallow rapid breaths with use of the sternocleidomastoid
What is explained by the sliding filament theory? The shortening of a sarcomere to produce a muscle contraction The lengthening of a sarcomere after a muscle contraction The actin pulling the myosin toward the center of the sarcomere The Z-lines moving farther apart
A. THE SHORTENING OF A SACROMERE TO PRODUCE A MUSCLE CONTRACTION
How should the amortization phase of the stretch-shortening cycle be described? The transition from eccentric loading to concentric unloading The transition between the isometric and eccentric phases The transition between the concentric and isometric phases The transition from concentric loading to eccentric unloadin
A. THE TRANSITION FROM ECCENTRIC LOADING TO CONCENTRIC UNLOADING
Which type of muscle fiber has a large number of capillaries? Type I Type III Type IIa Type IIx
A. TYPE I
What type of vessel is responsible for carrying blood back to the heart? Veins Arterioles Arteries Capillaries
A. VEINS Arteries carry blood away from the heart and transition to arterioles (small arteries), which are connected to venules (small veins) by capillaries. From there, via veins, blood is transported back to the heart.
What are the components of ATP? Adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups Adenine, amino acids, and three phosphate groups Adenine, ribose, and two phosphate groups Adenine, glucose, and one phosphate group
ADENINE RIBOSE & THREE PHOSPHATE
What is the acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR) for carbohydrate in the diet? 30 to 50 % of total calories 45 to 65% of total calories 20 to 35% of total calories 10 to 35% of total calories
B. 45-65% of total calories
What are essential amino acids? A. Amino acids that can be synthesized by the body B. Amino acids that must be consumed because they cannot be created by the body C. The only type of amino acid found in protein sources D. Amino acids responsible for protein synthesis
B. Amino acids that must be consumed because they cannot be created by the body
What is the process called that prepares fatty acid substrates to enter the citric acid cycle? Glycolysis Beta-oxidation Ketosis Acidosis
B. BETA-OXIDATION
For what is vitamin D most important? Bone health Hair growth Skin pigmentation Eyesight
B. BONE HEALTH
What are the two components of the central nervous system? The brain and spinal cord The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems The nerves and sensory receptors The somatic and autonomic nervous systems
B. BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD
What surrounds the skeletal muscles and connects them to other surrounding muscles? A. Muscle spindles B. Fascia C. Tendons D. Connective tissues
B. FASCIA
What is the concept used to describe the action of muscles that have the ability to contract automatically in anticipation of movement? Synergist function Feed-forward Antagonist function Feedback
B. FEED-FORWARD
A client plans to go for a 10-mile run, but they become fatigued after 7 miles, so they stop. What is the most likely cause of this fatigue? Phosphocreatine was depleted. Glycogen stores were exhausted. ADP was depleted. Fatty acid stores were exhausted.
B. GLYCOGEN STORES WERE EXHAUSTED
The deep longitudinal subsystem includes which of the following muscle groups? Adductors (inner thigh) and hip external rotators Hamstrings and erector spinae Adductors (inner thigh) and contralateral quadratus lumborum Thoracolumbar fascia and contralateral gluteus maximus
B. HAMSTRINGS AND ERECTOR SPINAE
Catecholamines are responsible for which of the following actions? Increased lipogenesis Increased lipolysis Increased stroke volume and decreased heart rate Increased heart rate and decreased stroke volume
B. INCREASED LIPOLYSIS
Which subsystem is responsible for providing both frontal plane mobility and stabilization of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex? Anterior oblique subsystem Lateral subsystem Posterior oblique subsystem Deep longitudinal subsystem
B. LATERAL SUBSTYSEM
Which heart chamber receives oxygenated blood and pumps it to the body? Right ventricle Left ventricle Left atrium Right atrium
B. LEFT VENTRICLE
If someone went out for a 5-mile jog with their friend, which energy system would provide most of the ATP for this activity? Glycolysis Oxidative phosphorylation The ATP-PC system Beta-oxidation
B. OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION
Which nutrient has the highest thermic effect? Carbohydrate Protein Fat Glycogen
B. PROTEIN
What scientific term is used to describe the concept whereby a loaded eccentric contraction prepares the muscles for a rapid concentric contraction? A. Reciprocal inhibition B. Stretch-shortening cycle C. Series elastic component D. Altered reciprocal inhibition
B. Stretch-shortening cycle
What are the three pathways through which the body can produce ATP? Phosphorylation, glycolysis, and the electron transport chain The ATP-PC system, glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation Ketosis, glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation The ATP-PC system, digestion, and oxidative phosphorylation
B. THE ATP-PC SYSTEM, GLYCOLYSIS, AMD OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION
Which feature of a food label would enable a client to assess the nutrient composition of a food product? The ingredients list The nutrition facts panel The percent reference intake The nutrient-to-ingredient ratio
B. THE NUTRITION FACTS PANEL
What measurement is dependent upon the length of the lever arm and the angle between the force application and the lever arm? A. Arthrokinematics B. Torque C. Force D. Force velocity
B. Torque
At what age is the adolescent brain considered to be fully developed? 18 22 25 30
C. 25
What would be considered a normal resting heart rate for a healthy sedentary person? 120 beats per minute 105 beats per minute 80 beats per minute 50 beats per minute
C. 80 BEATS PER MIN
What is the primary function of the large intestine? Digestion of food and passage of waste into the rectum Absorption of food and passage of waste into the small intestine Absorption of food and passage of waste into the rectum Digestion of food and passage of waste into the small intestine
C. ABSORPTION OF FOOD AND PASSAGE OF WASTE INTO THE RECTUM
Which of the following statements would be accurate with regard to muscle force and velocity during an eccentric muscle action? As the contraction velocity decreases, the ability to develop force increases. As the contraction velocity decreases, the force remains constant. As the contraction velocity increases the ability to develop force also increases. As the contraction velocity increases, the ability to develop force decreases.
C. AS THE CONTRACTION VELOCITY INCREASES THE ABILITY TO DEVELOP FORCE ALSO INCREASES
Which system supplies neural input to organs that run the involuntary processes of the body? Mechanoreceptors The brain Autonomic nervous system Somatic nervous system
C. AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
Which of the following muscles is primarily targeted when performing a biceps curl exercise with the thumb up? A. Biceps brachii B. Brachialis C. Brachioradialis D. Triceps brachii
C. Brachioradialis
Where is the heart located in the thoracic cavity? Central to the left and posterior to the spine Central to the right and posterior to the spine Central to the left and anterior to the spine Central to the right and anterior to the spine
C. CENTRAL TO THE LEFT AND ANTERIOR
Food in the stomach is processed and then passes into what anatomical structure? A.The ileum of the large intestine B. Duodenum of the large intestine C. Duodenum of the small intestine D. The ileum of the small intestine
C. Duodenum of the small intestine
Before amino acids can be used to make ATP, what process do they have to go through? A. Oxidation B. Oxidative phosphorylation C. Gluconeogenesis D. Glycolysis
C. GLUCONEOGENESIS
Which of the following would make a person better at oxidizing fat? Having more glycogen stored in their muscle Having more fat stored on their body Having more mitochondria in their muscle Having less oxygen delivery to the muscle
C. HAVING MORE MITOCHONDRIA IN THEIR MUSCLE
What is a characteristic of a type I muscle fiber? Fewer capillaries Quick to fatigue Less force production Larger in size
C. LESS FORCE PRODUCTION
Which term describes the movement of bones, such as flexion and extension? Arthropathy Arthrokinematics Osteokinematics Osteoporosis
C. OSTEOKINEMATICS
Which type of lipids are considered to be heart healthy and associated with reduced inflammation? A. Omega-6 fatty acids B. Monounsaturated fats C. Omega-3 fatty acids D. Polyunsaturated fats
C. Omega-3 fatty acids
What is the name for projections protruding from the bone to which tendons and ligaments attach? Depressions Sulcus Processes Bone spurs
C. Processes
Weight-bearing exercise helps strengthen bones through what process? Neuroplasticity Lengthening Remodeling Osteoporosis
C. REMODELING
Along with muscle protein synthesis, which of the following is an important function of protein? Padding of vital internal organs Insulation of internal organs Synthesis of hormones Regulation of body temperature
C. SYNTHESIS OF HORMONES
f someone engages in a short, intense burst of activity lasting less than 30 seconds, which energy system will contribute the most to ATP production? Oxidative phosphorylation Glycolysis The ATP-PC system The citric acid cycle
C. THE ATP-PC SYSTEM
How should an eccentric muscle action be described? The development of muscle tension during shortening of the contractile tissue The development of muscle tension at a fixed speed during both shortening and lengthening of the contractile tissue The development of muscle tension during lengthening of the contractile tissue The development of muscle tension without shortening or lengthening of the contractile tissue
C. THE DEVELOPMENT OF MUSCLE TENSION DURING LENGTHENING THE CONTRACTILE TISSUE
What is the purpose of the intervertebral discs? A. They support most of the body's weight and are attached to many back muscles. B.. They provide support for the head. C. They act as shock absorbers. D. They minimize movement of the spine.
C. THEY ACT AS SHOCK ABSORBERS
What is glycogen? A. The storage form of carbohydrate in plants B. The enzyme that promotes carbohydrate storage in humans and animals C. The storage form of carbohydrate in animals and humans D. The enzyme that promotes carbohydrate breakdown in humans
C. The storage form of carbohydrate in animals and humans
What are the three branched chain amino acids (BCAAs)? Alanine, glutamine, and tyrosine Histidine, threonine, and phenylalanine Valine, leucine, and isoleucine Methionine, tryptophan, and lysine
C. VALINE, LEUCINE, ISOLEUCINE
Current sports nutrition guidelines from the International Society of Sports Nutrition recommend what range of protein for most exercising individuals? 1.6 to 2.2 g/kg of body weight 1.5 to 2.5 g/kg of body weight 1.0 to 2.0 g/kg of body weight 1.4 to 2.0 g/kg of body weight
D. 1.4 TO 2.O G/KG OF BODY WEIGHT
How is an isokinetic muscle contraction best described? A contraction that occurs when a muscle is exerting force greater than the resistive force, resulting in a shortening of the muscle A contraction that occurs when muscle tension is created without a change in length and no visible movement of the joint A contraction that occurs when muscle tension is developed and movement occurs through a given range of motion at a speed that may vary A contraction that occurs when the speed of movement is fixed and the resistance varies with the force exerted
D. A CONTRACTION THAT OCCURS WHEN THE SPEED OF MOVEMENT IS FIXED AND THE RESISTANCE VARIES WITH THE FORCE EXERTED
Which of the following would occur during intermittent exercise? Carbohydrates would not be a major energy source. A steady-state intensity would be used. Fat would be the main energy source. All three energy systems would be used at some point during the activity.
D. ALL THREE ENERGY SYSTEMS WOULD BE USED AT SOME POINT DURING THE ACTIVITY
What is the best definition of complex carbohydrates? Carbohydrates that are difficult to digest Carbohydrates from beans and legumes Carbohydrates used for high-intensity exercise Carbohydrates that are comprised of polysaccharides and that contain both fiber and starch
D. CARBOHYDRATES THAT ARE COMPRISED OF POLYSACCHARIDES AND THAT CONTAIN BITH FIBER AND STARCH
Which of the following force couples is accurately linked to the movement created by their combined action? Upper trapezius and serratus anterior functioning to create downward rotation of the scapula Deltoid and rotator cuff functioning to create shoulder adduction The gastrocnemius and soleus functioning to create ankle dorsiflexion Internal and external obliques functioning to create trunk rotation
D. INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL OBLIQUES FUNCTIONING TO CREATE TRUNK ROTATION
A person walks differently when they move from a sidewalk onto the sand. This is regulated by what function? Muscle function Wolff's law Neuroplasticity Motor function
D. MOTOR FUNCTION
What is the name of the specialized cell that is the functional unit of the nervous system? Nucleus Axon Spindles Neuron
D. NEURON
One of the two interdependent divisions of the nervous system is the central nervous system. What is the second division? A. Sympathetic nervous system B. Autonomic nervous system C. Somatic nervous system D. Peripheral nervous system
D. PNS
What is a key mechanism involved in internal feedback? Knowledge of performance Knowledge of results Motivation Proprioception
D. PROPRIOCEPTION
What is the scientific term that describes the nervous system's role in the contract/relax relationship between agonists and antagonists? Stretch-shortening cycle Muscle imbalance Length-tension relationship Reciprocal inhibition
D. RECIPROCAL INHIBITION
Where in the digestive system are most fluids absorbed? Esophagus Large intestine Stomach Small intestine
D. SMALL INTESTINE
Which joints are most associated with human movement? Nonsynovial Saddle Nonaxial Synovial
D. Synovial
What is stroke volume? The amount of blood remaining in the ventricle after contraction The amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute The amount of blood in the ventricle before contraction The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction
D. THE AMOUNT OF BLOOD PUMPED OUT OF THE HEART W EACH CONTRACTION
How can basal metabolic rate (BMR) best be defined? The amount of energy required to maintain the body when active A method to help determine an individual's heart rate An anabolic hormone produced by the liver, which is responsible for growth and development The amount of energy required to maintain the body at rest
D. THE AMOUNT OF ENERGY REQUIRED TO MAINTAIN THE BODY AT REST
What is explained by the sliding filament theory? The Z-lines moving farther apart The lengthening of a sarcomere after a muscle contraction The actin pulling the myosin toward the center of the sarcomere The shortening of a sarcomere to produce a muscle contraction
D. THE SHORTENING OF A SACROMERE TO PRODUCE A MUSCLE CONTRACTION
What is cardiac output? The volume of blood pumped by the heart per beat or contraction The amount of blood remaining in the ventricle after contraction The amount of blood in the ventricle before contraction The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute
D. THE VOLUME OF BLOOD PUMPED BY THE HEART PER MINUTE
Which type of muscle fiber is predominantly used during movements that require high levels of force and power, such as a sprint? Type Ia Type I Type III Type II
D. TYPE II
What is the end-systolic volume? A. The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute B. The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction C. The amount of blood in the ventricle before contraction D. The amount of blood remaining in the ventricle after contraction
D. The amount of blood remaining in the ventricle after contraction
Which of the following protein structure is important for muscular contraction by providing a binding site? A. Myosin B. Actin C. Fascicles D. Troponin
D. Troponin
What answer best describes the building blocks of proteins? Peptide bonds Carbon molecules Essential amino acids only Essential and nonessential amino acids
Essential and nonessential amino acids
Which substrate provides nearly all the energy for activity at and above VT2? Protein Ketone bodies Glucose Fat
Glucose
Which type of exercise accommodates effort whereby the harder the individual pushes or pulls, the more resistance they feel, despite the movement speed remaining constant? Concentric Isokinetic Eccentric Isometric
Isokinetic
Which muscle functions in a feed-forward mechanism in anticipation of limb movements? Multifidus Rectus abdominis Erector spinae Gluteus maximus
MULTIFIDUS
Which joint has the simplest movement, moving either back and forth or side to side? Nonsynovial Synovial Condyloid Nonaxial
NONAXIAL
What statement best describes the category of simple sugars? A. Sugar syrups that are easily absorbed by the body B. Single- or double-molecule sugars that are easily absorbed by the body C. Sugars that are dissolved into liquid for consumption D. Sugars that have been added to packaged foods
Single- or double-molecule sugars that are easily absorbed by the body
Which concept should be used to describe the functioning of the serratus anterior as it assists the anterior deltoid during shoulder flexion? Agonist Antagonist Stabilizer Synergis
Synergist
When glucose is broken down via glycolysis, what molecule is created that could also be oxidized under aerobic conditions? A. Amino acids B. Pyruvate C. Fatty acids D. Glycogen
b. Pyruvate