Nervous System

How many nerve cells does the Brian have

100 billion

Myelin begins forming during the -----of the prenatal development how does this explain the sometimes humorous's way a baby's whole body jumps when it's startled

14th week and some of the axons are not completely mylienated

If a neurons cell body were the size of a tennis ball, the axons would be -----and ------. The dendrites would------

A mile long, half an inch thick, and fill a large bedroom

Responsible for much of the stimulation of muscles including the muscles of the gastrointestinal system. Found in sensory neurons and in the autonomic nervous system, has a part in scheduling REM sleep. Stimulation of muscles including digestion schedules REM sleep related to memory of Alzheimer's patients show up to 90% loss of acetylcholine

Acetylcholine

Which of the following neuron transmitters is usually excitatory

Acetylcholine

Found between neurons and blood vessels they serve to structural support regulate nutrients concentration join parts by their abundant cellular process and also form scar tissue after an injury *alcohol kills astrocytes and marijuana

Astrocytes

Which of the following cells in not part of the CNS

Astrocytes

Which of the following cells is found only in the PNS

Astrocytes

Which of the following is a type of neuroglial cell

Astrocytes

When peripheral nerves are damaged

Axons can regenerate

The organs of the CNS are the

Brain and spinal cord

What is glioma

Brain tumors consisting of rapidly dividing neuroglia grows rapidly, excess neuroglia cells very difficult to treat

What are the components of the nervous system

Brain, spinal cords, nerve

Dendrites

Branch nerve cell process that serves as a receptor surface of neurons *receives impulses

Nerves

Bundles of axons/ nerve fibers transmit impulses sensations to the brain

What are the three common features of neurons?

Cell body, dendrites, and axon

What are the two major subdivisions of the nervous system

Central and peripheral

Somatic system

Conscious control

Central nervous system

Consists of the brain and the spinal cord

Peripheral nervous system

Consists of the nerves and connects the (afferent and efferent) (sensory and motor)

What are the functions of the nervous system

Controls reactions to the environment, maintain homeostasis, control voluntary and involuntary muscles

The cytoplasmic extensions that, together with the cell body provide the main receptive surfaces for neurons are

Dendrites

What does phagocytize mean

Destroy

The nervous system

Detects changes in the internal or external environment, controls the movements of muscles and secretion of glands, integrates the info form several sources and uses it to make appropriate responses

When CNS axons are damaged

Do not regenerate

It is an inhibitory reward and fell good chemical opioids affect these levels drugs like cocaine, opium, and alcohol increases the levels of dopamine

Dopamine

Which of the following lists the parts of a reflex arc in the correct sequence

Effector, sensory neuron, receptor, inter neuron, motor neuron

Involved In reduction and pleasure involved in the hibernation process because it's slows general metabolism

Enodrphin

Nodes of ranvier occur between adjacent neurons

False

Neurons can't exist without theses cells. Function to

Filling empty spaces, provide framework, produce myelin, and carry out phagocytosis

The supportive tissue of the nervous system are

Glial cells

In the brain and spinal cord axons with myelin make up the tissue commonly called and the axons without myelin make up the tissue commonly called

Gray matter

Signals from the sensory impulses are brought together 1) create sensation2)add to memory 3) produce thought that will translate sensations into perceptions this allows us to then be able to make either conscious or subconscious decisions

Integrative

Found entirely within the brain and spinal cord functions to transmit impulses from one part of the brain to another part

Interneurons

What does myelin sheath do

It insulates the axon

What does mercury poisoning do

Kills the neurons as they die the neurological cell over grows and creates scar tissue or tumors. Lethal

Scattered throughout the the central nervous system they serve to support neurons and phagocytize and debri

Microglial cells

Carey impulses from the brain/spinal cord to the effectors the most common effectors are muscles and glands

Motor

Carries impulses from the CNS to the various effectors these would include muscles and glands.

Motor

The nervous system function that makes conscious decisions possible is the

Motor function

Axons that are covered with myelin are called

Myelinated

Axons

Nerve fiber that conducts impulses away

The process of transmitting a nerve impulse from one neuron to another involves a

Nerve impulse stimulating presynaptic dendrites to release a neurotransmitter into a synaptic cleft

Neurons are ---- whereas neuroglial cells are----

Nerves, nerve cells

Neurological

Nervous tissue that provide physical support, insulation and nutrients for neurons*gather process, send

Are chemical which allow the transmission of signals from One neuron to the next to synapses

Neuron transmitter

What are the two major types of cells that form nervous tissue

Neurons and astrocytes

What are narrow gaps between the Schwann cells called

Nodes of ranvier

Bringing our nervous system to "high alert" it is prevalent in the sympathetic nervous system, and it increases heart rate and our blood pressure. Our adrenal glands release it into our blood streams, along with its close relative epinephrine. Important for forming memories. Stress tends to deplete our stroke of adrenalin it's excercises restores it amphetamines cause excess the release of it

Norepinephrine

What happens to neurons in the absence of oxygen

Nuclei, changes shape and begins to disintegrate

Cell body

Nucleus containing central part of a neuron

What produces myelin in the brain and spinal cord

Oligodendrites

Found along nerve fibers they serve to produce myelin

Oligodendrocytes

What is the difference between a dendrite and an axon

One receives one sends

The divisions of the nervous system that connects body parts with the central nervous system is

Peripheral nervous system

After spinal cord injury overgrowth of neuroglial cells create ---- which slows the recovery

Scar

What is trigger zone

Sensitive region of the axon

Carry impulses from the peripheral body parts to the brain/spinal cord

Sensory

Uses sensory receptors to gather information such as light, sound, environmental, stimuli, internal body conditions, temperature and converts into nerve impulses which are then sent to the central nervous system

Sensory

Motion and mood to little depression anger control, OCD, increases appetite insomnia IBS fibromyalgia migraines to much affected by hallucinogens(LSD, ecstasy, Prozac, warm milk comforts you

Serotonin

What are axons covered In

Sheath off fatty layers which provide insulation kind of like a bandage wrapped around a finger

Nerve impulse

Signal transmitted by nerve fibers

Which of the following in under voluntary control of the nervous system

Skeletal muscles

All the neurons have a special area where a nerve impulse begins called the

Soma

Clusters of neuron cell bodies are called

Soma

Skeletal muscles contraction is under the control of the

Somatic nervous system

Neuron

Specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses

Myelination is completed sometimes furring -----what potential impact could mal-nutrition have on the nervous system

The time a child starts walking

Nerve impulses are usually transmitted from a dendrite to an axon or nerve cell body

True

How many times will your nerves of your body stretch around the world

Two and a half times

Autonomic system

Unconscious control

Axons without myelin covering are called

Unmylienated

Masses of mylienated nerve fibers appear

White