Network+ Guide to Networks - Chapter 2

ISP

A business that provides organizations and individuals with access to the Internet and often, other services, such as e-mail and Web hosting.

TCP

A connection-oriented protocol.

sequencing

A method of identifying segments that belong to the same group of subdivided data.

checksum

A unique character string that allows the receiving node to determine if an arriving data unit matches exactly the data unit sent by the source.

frame

A(n) ____ is a structured package for moving data that includes not only the raw data, or "payload," but also the sender's and receiver's network addresses, and error checking and control information.

IP

Addresses used to identify computers on the Internet and other TCP/IP-based networks are known as ____ addresses.

fragmentation

At the Network layer, ____________________ ensures that packets issued to the network are no larger than the network's maximum transmission unit size.

physical

Connectivity devices such as hubs and repeaters operate at the ____ layer.

standards

Define the minimum acceptable performance of a product or service.

router

Device that connects network segments and direct data.

presentation

Protocols at the ____ layer accept Application layer data and format it so that one type of application and host can understand data from another type of application and host.

physical

Protocols at the ____ layer accept frames from the Data Link layer and generate voltage so as to transmit signals.

session

Protocols in the ____ layer coordinate and maintain communications between two nodes on the network.

ITU

Provides developing countries with technical expertise and equipment to advance those nations' technological bases.

ICANN

Responsible for IP addressing and domain name management.

IAB

Responsible for Internet growth and management strategy, resolution of technical disputes, and standards oversight.

True

T/F: Addressing is a system for assigning unique identification numbers to devices on a network.

True

T/F: Among the Session layer's functions are establishing and keeping alive the communications link for the duration of the session, keeping the communication secure, synchronizing the dialogue between the two nodes, determining whether communications have been cut off, and, if so, figuring out where to restart transmission, and terminating communications.

False

T/F: Connectivity devices such as hubs and repeaters operate at the Presentation layer of the OSI Model.

True

T/F: Every process that occurs during network communications can be associated with a layer of the OSI Model.

False

T/F: The primary function of protocols at the session layer is to translate network addresses into their physical counterparts and decide how to route data from the sender to the receiver.

protocol data units

The Application layer separates data into ____ or discrete amounts of data.

ITU

The ____ is a specialized United Nations agency that regulates international telecommunications, including radio and TV frequencies, satellite and telephony specifications, networking infrastructure, and tariffs applied to global communications.

physical

The ____ layer is the lowest, or first, layer of the OSI Model.

ISO

The _________ goal is to establish international technological standards to facilitate global exchange of information and barrier-free trade.

data link

The primary function of protocols in the ____ layer, is to divide data they receive from the Network layer into distinct frames that can then be transmitted by the Physical layer.

application

The top, or seventh, layer of the OSI Model is the ____ layer

application

Through ____ layer protocols, software applications negotiate their formatting, procedural, security, synchronization, and other requirements with the network.

segments

Transport layer protocols break large data units received from the Session layer into multiple smaller units, called ____.

connectionless

Transport layer protocols that do not establish a connection before transmission and make no effort to ensure that data is delivered error-free are called ____________________ protocols.

MAC

____ addresses contain two parts: a Block ID and a Device ID.

checksums

____ are added to data at the source and verified at the destination.

Standards

____ are documented agreements containing technical specifications or other precise criteria that stipulate how a particular product or service should be designed or performed.

sequencing

____ is a method of identifying segments that belong to the same group of subdivided data.

IAB

____ is a technical advisory group of researchers and technical professionals interested in overseeing the Internet's design and management.

EIA

____ is a trade organization composed of representatives from electronics manufacturing firms across the United States.

ANSI

____ is an organization composed of more than a thousand representatives from industry and government who together determine standards for the electronics industry and other fields, such as chemical and nuclear engineering, health and safety, and construction.

flow control

____ is the process of gauging the appropriate rate of transmission based on how fast the recipient can accept data.

application

_____________ layer services facilitate communication between software applications and lower-layer network services so that the network can interpret an application's request and, in turn, the application can interpret data sent from the network.

reassembly

____________________ is the process of reconstructing the segmented data units.