NP1 exam 4 GI

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Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication (LNF)

Surgical procedure to correct a hiatal hernia and considered the preferred operative procedure. Used for surgery in GERD as well.

melena

black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood. seen in gi bleeds

stearorrhea

fat in the feces. seen in gall bladder issues.

odynophagia

pain with swallowing

cholecysterectomy

surgical removal of the gallbladder

emesis

vomiting

pernicious

(adj.) extremely harmful; deadly, fatal

a nurse is assessing a client who is experiencing perforation of a peptic ulcer. What is a manifestation that the nurse should expect?

- Board-like abdomen. they may also have sever pain in the abdomen and back that radiates to the right shoulder. Vomiting of blood and shock can occur if the perforation causes hemorrhaging.

peristalsis

Involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep food moving along in one direction through the digestive system.

chronic pancreatitis causes

90% caused by alcohol abuse

Kehr's sign

Pain that radiates to the left shoulder and down the left arm; results from a spleen injury or rupture.

Hypertonicity (spasticity)

Abnormal muscle tone felt as too much resistance to movement as a result of hyperactive reflexes and loss of inhibiting influences from higher brain centers

a nurse is planning care for a client who is postoperative following a gastrectomy. Which of the following strategies should the nurse include to help prevent dumping syndrome in the client?

Eliminate simple sugars and sugar alcohols from the clients diet. b/c: sugar, honey and sugar alcohols (sorbitol and xylitol) increase hypertonicity and propel food through the small intestines faster than food without sweeteners.

Famotidine (Pepcid)

H2 receptor antagonist, used to treat stress ulcers.

hematemesis

Very large amounts of blood in the vomit. stomach ulcers, GI bleed, bleeding in the esophagus. may look like coffee grounds.

neutropenia

a decreased number of neutrophils

gastrointestinal peritonitis

a hole in your gastrointestinal system or gall bladder may cause peritonitis. which is when the membrane lining of the abdominal cavity is very inflamed. - bacteria, bile, stomach acid, stool, or partially digested food enters the abdominal cavity.

perforation

a hole through the wall of a structure

partial gastrectomy

a surgical procedure when a part of the stomach is removed.

sordes

accumulation of foul matter (food, microorganisms and epithelial elements) on the teeth and gums and lips

flatus/flatulence

air or gas in the intestine that is passed through the rectum

halitosis

bad breath; may be caused by dental, digestive, or respiratory disease

Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)

blood test to detect increased enzymes that can indicate cirrhosis, hepatitis, acute pancreatitis, acute cholecystitis, or nephrosis, and to test for Helicobacter pylori antibodies. and can tell if someone has recently had excessive alcohol use.

xerostomia

dry mouth; side effect of many drugs: antidepressants, anticholinergics, antispasmodics, antihypertensives, antipsychotics, bronchodilators. may be from chemo or radiation treatment.

syncope

fainting or sudden loss of consciousness caused by lack of blood supply to the cerebrum

perforation

hole that completely penetrates a structure

exacerbation

increase in the severity of a disease or its symptoms

dyspepsia

indigestion. usually happens after eating

peritonitis

inflammation of the peritoneum (membrane lining the abdominal cavity and surrounding the organs within it)

pernicious anemia

lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream. -Vitamin B12 deficiency

Omeprazole (Prilosec)

proton pump inhibitor (PPI), used to treat duodenal and gastric ulcers.

Blumberg's sign

rebound tenderness when palpating the abdomen.

fulminant hepatic failure

sudden, severe onset of acute liver failure that occurs within 8 weeks after the first symptoms of jaundice -*CAUSE*: viral hepatitis; hepatic encephalopathy develops within weeks of onset of disease despite no prior hepatic dysfunction; -*TREATMENT*: liver transplant

laparotomy

surgical incision into the abdomen

paracentis

surgical procedure used to remove excess fluid from the abdominal cavity or to inject a therapeutic agent

bruxism

the involuntary grinding or clenching of the teeth that usually occurs during sleep and is associated with tension or stress

what causes gastrointestinal perforation?

this is a medical emergency. it may be caused by appendicitis, diverticulitis, trauma from an accident, a gun shot wound, a knife wound, it may happen in the gall bladder as well.

Varices

varicose veins of the esophagus

Xerostomia

Dryness of the mouth caused by reduction of saliva

abdominal assessment order

1. inspection 2. auscultation 3. percuss 4. palpate

a nurse is caring for a pt who has xerostomia with a lack of saliva. Which of the following nutrients will be affected by the lack of salivary amylase?

- Starch. b/c Salivary amylase begins the process of digestion in the mouth with the initial breakdown of starches. The majority of starch breakdown occurs in the small intestines with pancreatic amylase.

Vasopressin

- constricts the splanchnic bed and decreases portal pressure. Vasopressin also constricts the distal esophageal and proximal gastric veins, which reduces inflow into the portal system and is used to treat bleeding varices. -Constricts blood vessels causing increased blood pressure and permits kidneys to reabsorb water.

Esomeprazole

- proton pump inhibitor (PPI) , used to treat gastrointestinal reflux disease. Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI). Specifically H+/K+ ATPase pump. Treatment: first line for peptic ulcer dz and GERD.

Partial gastrectomy for ulcers patient teaching

Avoid liquids at mealtimes. ( Remind client to avoid drinking liquids at mealtimes to prevent the food from emptying into the small bowel too quickly.) -Include starchy vegs in the meal plan to SLOW gastric emptying -Eat high protein meals to slow gastric emptying - Do NOT eat sweetened fruits from diet to help slow gastric emptying.


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