NREM 120 Iowa State Exam 3

What program pays farmers to not crop or graze marginal cropland?

Conservation Reserve Program

What can increase connectivity and movement of animals between patches?

Corridors

What is one way to keep nutrients (e.g. nitrogen) on site?

Cover crops

What is true for current wood resources in the U.S.?

Growth is greater than harvest by about 25-30%

What is the greatest threat to biodiversity?

Habitat loss

Why is Norman Borlaug significant?

He bred wheat plants to make them more efficient for harvest, He is the grandfather of the green revolution, He started what would eventually become known as GMOs

What part of the fire triangle is broken with water drops?

Heat

Why are legumes important?

Theycanfixnitrogen

What is approximately the ratio of STRIP to crop?

10% STRIP, 90% crop

Agroforestry is...

An ancient way of managing forests; no longer practiced, A cutting edge tool pushed by academics and the feds, A hippy, tree-hugging, granola eating thing, A way of increasing farmer income

Why is India the #1 harvester of wood worldwide?

Because they use it for wood fuel

Which trees live the longest?

Bristlecone pines

Which organization protects endangered species from international trade?

CITES

What is included under the Multiple Use-Sustained Yield Act of 1960?

Cattlegrazing, Woodharvest, Recreation, Wildlife habitat

What is a metapopulation?

Collection of populations in separate patches

What happens when a grassland is overgrazed?

Desertification

What is NOT a trait of surface fires?

Difficult to control

What is NOT a trait of crown fires?

Easy to control

True or False: Hunting is the most popular activity in National Forests

False

True or False: There are more hunters and fishers than non-consumptive users

False

True or False: There are more wild animals than livestock animals.

False

True or False: There are no ecological systems adapted to fire

False

What happened during the Homestead Act (1862)?

Families moving west would get 160 acres of freeland

What has been the average farming trend in the US since 1950?

Farms have gotten larger, and there are fewer of them

Why is Iowa a tallgrass prairie and not a forest?

Fire

What part of the fire triangle is broken with fire lines?

Fuel

What can create a catastrophic fire?

Fuel build up, High temperatures, Low humidity, High winds

What are the three things needed to produce fire (Fire Triangle)?

Fuel, heat, oxygen

What is the difference between a generalist and a specialist?

Generalists have a broad niche, Specialists have a narrow niche

What is a green certification?

Gives standards for sustainability

Which kinds of birds have suffered the greatest decline?

Grassland

What group of birds has declined the most from anthropogenic effects?

Grassland birds

Where does clearcutting work best?

In fire-adapted forests

What has happened to the average farm production since 1950?

Increased

Which statement is correct for Iowa?

Leads the nation in runoff soil erosion

What is NOT a characteristic of warm season grasses?

Makes up the tundra

What is NOT a trait of fire-accommodating forests?

Many shrubs in understory

Who owns forests (worldwide)?

Mostly publicly owned

What part of the fire triangle is broken with slurry drops?

Oxygen

Who owns the most forest land ​in the US?

Private individuals

What is the 10 AM rule?

Put out fire by 10am because then it would get worse

What causes the transition from Tall grass and Short grass prairie across the U.S.?

Rainfall

What nation has the greatest amount of forest land (in acres)?

Russia

What is a driving force of grasslands?

Seasonaldormancy, Herbivores, Fire, Management

In fire-adapted forests, what kind of trees grow?

Shade-intolerant trees

What is a problem that can be solved with riparian buffer strips?

Soil erosion

What are ways to control soil erosion

Stream side buffer strips, WindBreaks, Cover crops, Conservation Tilling

What is the difference between surface and ground fires?

Surface burns the understory ,ground burns the actual ground

Which is a process of self-thinning?

Taller trees shade out shorter trees, Insects/disease skill some trees, Wind, snow, other disturbances take out trees

What is succession?

The changes in community structure over time

What is the Haber-Bosch process?

The process in which we can take nitrogen and turn it into a more biologically active form

What will happen to a grassland with no grazing, mowing, or fire?

Trees will start to grow

True or False: hunting ethics came from hunters themselves

True