Nuclear Reactions Review HELL
Beta particle emission (decay)
A neutron in the nucleus is changed to a proton and a beta particle is given off for the atom and the element changes to one with one more as its atomic number. (same mass)
Positron Emission (decay)
A proton in the cucleus is changed to a neutron and a positron is given off for the atom and the element changes to one with one less as its atomic number. (same mass)
Electron Capture
A proton in the nucleus captures and electron and creates a neutron. The element changes to one with one less as its atomic number. (same mass)
Isotope
An atom that has the same number of protons but varying numbers of neutrons
Gamma ray emission (decay)
An element releases a gamma ray of zero mass and zero charge.
Fully Developed Fusion Process:
Bethe
Discovered: Positron
Carl Anderson
Discovered: Neutron
Chadwick
Throrized Existence: Positron
Dirac
+Q
Dissinegration Energy
Constructed 1st Reactor
Fermi
Developed Geiger Tube:
Geiger and Muller
Mass and Energy
If mass is converted to energy or energy is converted to mass during the nuclear reaction neither is balanced individually but together a balance of Energy and Mass is maintained E=mc^2
Discovered: Electron
J.J. Thompson
Fully Described Process: Fission
Lise Meitner and Otto Frisch
Developed Rudimentary Fusion
Mark Oliphant, light H isotopes
-Q
Means there is a threshold energy value
Momentum
Must balance on each side of equation. For beta decay if a beta particle or positron a massless neutrino and antineutrino are needed to balance the momentums or spins respectively.
Nucleons
Must balance on each side of the nuclear reaction
Fission
Nuclear reaction where atoms split to make new atoms
Fusion
Nuclear reaction where multiple atoms combine to make a single atom.
Discovered: Fission
Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassman
Theorized Existence: Anti-neutrino
Pauli
Theorized Existence: Neutrino
Pauli
What defines an element?
Proton count
Throrized Existence: Proton
Prout
Discovered: Anti-neutrino
Reines and Cowan
Discovered: Neutrino
Reines and Cowan
Discovered: Proton
Rutherford
Throrized Existence: Neutron
Rutherford
Discovered: Transmutation
Rutherford and Soddy
Throrized Existence: Electron
Stoney
Charge
Total must balance on each side of the nuclear reaction. For positron emission that requires that the electron balance be accounted for carefully when calculating E=mc^2
+
reaction is spontaneous
-
reaction needs energy to occur