NURS 401 Oxygenation PrepU

Cardiac tamponade

an accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space.

The nurse is caring for a patient with a pulmonary disorder. What observation by the nurse is indicative of a very late symptom of hypoxia? Dyspnea Confusion Restlessness Cyanosis

Cyanosis, a bluish coloring of the skin, is a very late indicator of hypoxia. The presence or absence of cyanosis is determined by the amount of unoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood. Cyanosis appears when there is at least 5 g/dL of unoxygenated hemoglobin.

A client reports recent onset of chest pain that occurs sporadically with exertion. The client also has fatigue and mild ankle swelling, which is most pronounced at the end of the day. The nurse suspects a cardiovascular disorder. What other client report increases the likelihood of a cardiovascular disorder? shortness of breath irritability lower substernal pain insomnia

SOB Common signs and symptoms of cardiovascular dysfunction include shortness of breath, chest pain, palpitations, fainting, fatigue, and peripheral edema. Insomnia seldom indicates a cardiovascular problem. Although irritability may occur if cardiovascular dysfunction leads to cerebral oxygen deprivation, this symptom more commonly reflects a respiratory or neurologic dysfunction. Lower substernal abdominal pain occurs with some GI disorders.

Guillain-Barré syndrome

Syndrome in which immune system attacks the peripheral nervous system, resulting in progressive muscle weakness that may eventually lead to paralysis Changes in vital capacity and negative inspiratory force are usually key indicators to be monitored for early intervention. The nurse should be alert to the earliest signs that a client may be heading toward respiratory failure.

FEV1

This abbreviation refers to amount of air patient can expel from the lungs in 1 second

Which laboratory test best measures the adequacy of tissue oxygenation? hemoglobin level red blood cell count arterial blood gases pulmonary function test

arterial blood gases Arterial blood levels include levels of oxygen in the body and determine the adequacy of alveolar gas exchange.

Atelectasis: definition, causes, prevention

definition: refers to an incomplete expansion of a lung or portion of a lung. causes: It can be caused by airway obstruction, lung compression such as occurs in pneumothorax or pleural effusion, or increased recoil of the lung due to loss of pulmonary surfactant (see Chapter 21). The danger of obstructive atelectasis increases after surgery as anesthesia, pain, administration of narcotics, and immobility tend to promote retention of viscid bronchial secretions and hence airway obstruction. prevention: The encouragement of coughing and deep breathing, frequent change of position, adequate hydration, and early ambulation decrease the likelihood of atelectasis developing. Coughing and deep-breathing exercises are the most beneficial option to prevent atelectasis. Repositioning needs to occur more frequently (about every 2 hours), ambulating prior to 24 hours postoperatively, and increasing oral fluids will assist with the prevention of atelectasis.

effusion

fluid

Which structure in the brain controls respiration?

medulla

orthopnea

shortness of breath (dyspnea) that occurs when lying flat, causing the person to have to sleep propped up in bed or sitting in a chair.