Nutrition
Pepsin
Enzyme which helps with protein digestion in the stomach
Nuts and Beans
Excluding meat, what other foods are good sources of protein?
Vegetarian diet
Lowers risk of developing diabetes and hypertension
Fats and carbohydrates
Major sources of fuel for cells
Food intolerances
Milk wine and cheese are good examples of foods common with...
Complete sources of protein
Milk, soybeans, quinoa, eggs
Fruit
Not a good source of protein
Uncommon
Protein deficiency is what in the United States
Amino acids
Proteins are made up of smaller units called...
Polypeptides
Proteins comprised of 50 or more amino acids
Allergens
Proteins that the body cannot digest
DNA
Provides the coded instructions that arrange amino acids to making protein
Process of protein digestion
1. Digested proteins move from the stomach into the small intestine 2. Further digestion occurs as the pancreas secretes protein splitting enzymes 3. Final digestion occurs within absorptive cells 4. Amino acids enter the portal vein and travel to the liver
Edema
A buildup of fluid in the tissues
Protein
Amino acids are the building blocks of...
Protein
An organic molecule which contains nitrogen
Sulfites
Food additives commonly found in foods such as wines, potatoes, and shrimp that can cause negative reactions when consumed
Keratin
Hair, nails and skin
Zinc
Rice beverages
Peptides
Small chains of amino acids
Essential Amino Acids
Soybean products
Gluten diets
Stimulate growth or good bacteria, improve immune function, and lower blood pressure
False
T or F: All plant sources of protein are considered to be low-quality or incomplete sources of amino acids
False
T or F: Blood proteins have no influence on body fluid balance
True
T or F: Every cell contains protein
False
T or F: animal proteins are not considered to be a good source of all nine essential amino acids
False
T or F: it is not possible to have too much protein in the diet
Within
The average American protein intake for Americans is 15%. Compared to the AMDR, this is..
Amino, side/R, and acid groups
The components of the amino acid include
Amino Acids
The end products of protein digestion
Celiac Disease
The following are symptoms of what disease: weight loss, abdominal bloating, chronic diarrhea
Nitrogen
Excess protein is first stripped of the ___ portion before being metabolized
Lactovegetarian
Eats milk and milk products but no animal flesh or eggs
Fat and cholesterol
A diet high in animal sources is typically also high in what...
Gluten
A group of related proteins found in wheat barley and rye
Plant proteins
A heart healthy alternative to animal proteins because they contain no cholesterol and little saturated fat
Semivegetarian
A person who eats all foods except red meats
Vegetarian
A person who relies heavily on plant foods and may or may not include some animal foods in their diet
10-35%
AMDR for protein
Protease
Absorptive cells secrete what which aids in the splitting of polypeptide chains while in the small intestines
Omega-3 fatty acids
Algae
Complete proteins
Animal sources are considered __ because they are easy to digest and have a pattern of essential amino acids that closely resembles that needed by humans
Urea
Another waste product of amino acid metabolism formed from ammonia
DNA code errors
Birth defects, chronic health conditions, and abnormal proteins will be produced in case of what?
Collagen
Cartilage, ligament, and bone tissue
Peptide bond
Chemical attraction that connects two amino acids together
Iron, Vitamin D and B-12
Common deficiencies in a poorly planned plant-based diet
Enzymes
Compounds that speed up chemical reactions
High quality protein
Digests more efficiently than low quality and incomplete protein
Ovovegetarian
Eats eggs but no other animal foods
Lactoovovegetarian
Eats milk and milk products and eggs but no other animal foods
Hydrochloric Acid
Helps the protein unravel to allow for pepsin to break apart the peptide bonds
Advantages of a vegetarian diet
High fiber, low saturated fat and cholesterol, high in phytochemicals
Contributions to child protein deficiency
Higher protein needs, low income, higher energy needs, smaller stomachs
Serve as buffers that resist changes in PH
How do proteins contribute to acid-base balance of the blood?
9
How many amino acids are considered essential?
Zero
How many naturally occurring foods contain 100% protein
11
How many nonessential amino acids the body needs in order to function
Low quality protein
Lacks or has inadequate amounts of one or more of the essential amino acids
High protein diets
Lead to increased urine output which poses a risk for dehydration
Long term effects of protein malnutrition
Lower intelligence, brain damage, and stunted growth
Protein and water
Muscle is mostly comprised of what substances?
Contractile
Muscle movement
Oxygen
Not part of an amino acid
Daily Nitrogen losses
Occur from finger nail growth and shedding skin
Autoimmune disease
This disease is a chronic condition in which the immune system cells attack and destroy normal,healthy cells
Nitrogen
This element is part of protein but not lipids or carbohydrates
Complimentary combinations
Two sources of incomplete protein that are combined and form a complete protein
Less
Urea is ____ toxic than ammonia
56 grams
What is the RDA of protein for a typical (70kg) man?
Lacto
What is the term for "milk in reference to the type of vegetarian that consumes milk and milk products
Kidneys
What removes urea from the bloodstream and eliminate it in the urine?
Allergic reaction
What results when a protein is absorbed without complete digestion?
Low quality and incomplete
Which protein types lack one or more of the essential amino acids?
Immune system
Which system reacts to a harmless food substance in case of a food allergy
Recovery
Which time period in relation to exercise does protein production occur?