Nutrition

Pepsin

Enzyme which helps with protein digestion in the stomach

Nuts and Beans

Excluding meat, what other foods are good sources of protein?

Vegetarian diet

Lowers risk of developing diabetes and hypertension

Fats and carbohydrates

Major sources of fuel for cells

Food intolerances

Milk wine and cheese are good examples of foods common with...

Complete sources of protein

Milk, soybeans, quinoa, eggs

Fruit

Not a good source of protein

Uncommon

Protein deficiency is what in the United States

Amino acids

Proteins are made up of smaller units called...

Polypeptides

Proteins comprised of 50 or more amino acids

Allergens

Proteins that the body cannot digest

DNA

Provides the coded instructions that arrange amino acids to making protein

Process of protein digestion

1. Digested proteins move from the stomach into the small intestine 2. Further digestion occurs as the pancreas secretes protein splitting enzymes 3. Final digestion occurs within absorptive cells 4. Amino acids enter the portal vein and travel to the liver

Edema

A buildup of fluid in the tissues

Protein

Amino acids are the building blocks of...

Protein

An organic molecule which contains nitrogen

Sulfites

Food additives commonly found in foods such as wines, potatoes, and shrimp that can cause negative reactions when consumed

Keratin

Hair, nails and skin

Zinc

Rice beverages

Peptides

Small chains of amino acids

Essential Amino Acids

Soybean products

Gluten diets

Stimulate growth or good bacteria, improve immune function, and lower blood pressure

False

T or F: All plant sources of protein are considered to be low-quality or incomplete sources of amino acids

False

T or F: Blood proteins have no influence on body fluid balance

True

T or F: Every cell contains protein

False

T or F: animal proteins are not considered to be a good source of all nine essential amino acids

False

T or F: it is not possible to have too much protein in the diet

Within

The average American protein intake for Americans is 15%. Compared to the AMDR, this is..

Amino, side/R, and acid groups

The components of the amino acid include

Amino Acids

The end products of protein digestion

Celiac Disease

The following are symptoms of what disease: weight loss, abdominal bloating, chronic diarrhea

Nitrogen

Excess protein is first stripped of the ___ portion before being metabolized

Lactovegetarian

Eats milk and milk products but no animal flesh or eggs

Fat and cholesterol

A diet high in animal sources is typically also high in what...

Gluten

A group of related proteins found in wheat barley and rye

Plant proteins

A heart healthy alternative to animal proteins because they contain no cholesterol and little saturated fat

Semivegetarian

A person who eats all foods except red meats

Vegetarian

A person who relies heavily on plant foods and may or may not include some animal foods in their diet

10-35%

AMDR for protein

Protease

Absorptive cells secrete what which aids in the splitting of polypeptide chains while in the small intestines

Omega-3 fatty acids

Algae

Complete proteins

Animal sources are considered __ because they are easy to digest and have a pattern of essential amino acids that closely resembles that needed by humans

Urea

Another waste product of amino acid metabolism formed from ammonia

DNA code errors

Birth defects, chronic health conditions, and abnormal proteins will be produced in case of what?

Collagen

Cartilage, ligament, and bone tissue

Peptide bond

Chemical attraction that connects two amino acids together

Iron, Vitamin D and B-12

Common deficiencies in a poorly planned plant-based diet

Enzymes

Compounds that speed up chemical reactions

High quality protein

Digests more efficiently than low quality and incomplete protein

Ovovegetarian

Eats eggs but no other animal foods

Lactoovovegetarian

Eats milk and milk products and eggs but no other animal foods

Hydrochloric Acid

Helps the protein unravel to allow for pepsin to break apart the peptide bonds

Advantages of a vegetarian diet

High fiber, low saturated fat and cholesterol, high in phytochemicals

Contributions to child protein deficiency

Higher protein needs, low income, higher energy needs, smaller stomachs

Serve as buffers that resist changes in PH

How do proteins contribute to acid-base balance of the blood?

9

How many amino acids are considered essential?

Zero

How many naturally occurring foods contain 100% protein

11

How many nonessential amino acids the body needs in order to function

Low quality protein

Lacks or has inadequate amounts of one or more of the essential amino acids

High protein diets

Lead to increased urine output which poses a risk for dehydration

Long term effects of protein malnutrition

Lower intelligence, brain damage, and stunted growth

Protein and water

Muscle is mostly comprised of what substances?

Contractile

Muscle movement

Oxygen

Not part of an amino acid

Daily Nitrogen losses

Occur from finger nail growth and shedding skin

Autoimmune disease

This disease is a chronic condition in which the immune system cells attack and destroy normal,healthy cells

Nitrogen

This element is part of protein but not lipids or carbohydrates

Complimentary combinations

Two sources of incomplete protein that are combined and form a complete protein

Less

Urea is ____ toxic than ammonia

56 grams

What is the RDA of protein for a typical (70kg) man?

Lacto

What is the term for "milk in reference to the type of vegetarian that consumes milk and milk products

Kidneys

What removes urea from the bloodstream and eliminate it in the urine?

Allergic reaction

What results when a protein is absorbed without complete digestion?

Low quality and incomplete

Which protein types lack one or more of the essential amino acids?

Immune system

Which system reacts to a harmless food substance in case of a food allergy

Recovery

Which time period in relation to exercise does protein production occur?