Nutrition Ch. 11
Rank where water is lost in the body in order from the greatest source of loss to the least. 1. Urine 2. Expired air 3. Insensible perspiration 4. Feces
1. 3. 2. 4.
Aldosterone plays a role in water conservation by ______. A. Signaling the kidneys to reduce the excretion of sodium in the urine B. Signaling the kidneys to increase the excretion of sodium in the urine C. Signaling the kidneys to excrete more urine directly
A.
Sodium and chloride are important in the regulation of water in which fluid compartment of the body? A. Extracellular B. Intracellular C. Cytoplasmic
A.
The Adequate Intake for total water intake is ______ cups per day for young adult men and ______ cups per day for young adult women. A. 15.5; 11 B. 9; 7 C. 8; 5
A.
The production of angiotensin is mediated by A. Renin. B. Aldosterone. C. Antidiuretic hormone.
A.
The state that describes body water depletion is called A. Dehydration. B. Intoxication. C. Hydration.
A.
Water moves from a region that is _____ to a region that has more material dissolved in it. A. Dilute B. Concentrated
A.
Select all that apply Choose two medications that are prescribed to lower blood pressure. A. Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) B. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors C. Oral rehydration therapy D. Angiotensin-coverting enzyme (ACE) stimulants
A. B.
Select all that apply Humans are able to make some water and to obtain it from which of the following types of foods? A. Fruits B. Vegetables C. Vegetable oils
A. B.
Select all that apply Kidney stones are formed by the presence of which of the following? A. Minerals B. Waste products C. Proteins D. Vitamins
A. B.
Select all that apply Water enters the digestive system from A. Fluid that we drink. B. Food that we eat. C. Secretions from the mouth and stomach. D. Water on our skin when it rains.
A. B. C.
Select all that apply Which environmental conditions can affect body water losses? A. Temperature B. Altitude C. Humidity D. Pollution
A. B. C.
Select all that apply Which of the following are functions of water? A. Transport nutrients B. Major solvent C. Regulate body temperature D. Provide energy
A. B. C.
Select all that apply Common signs of dehydration include A. Rapid weight loss. B. Low or no urine output. C. Low heart rate. D. Dry or sticky mouth.
A. B. D.
Select all that apply Mineral elements that have electrical charges that help maintain fluid balance in the body are called A. Electrolytes. B. Protons. C. Ions. D. Electrons.
A. C.
Select all that apply Choose the statements about water that are true. A. Water needs vary based on environmental temperatures, age, and health conditions B. Total water needs are the same for men and women C. Dietary choices and physical activity influence water requirements D. Total water intake requirements vary widely
A. C. D.
Select all that apply Identify physiological conditions that can alter the body's fluid balance? A. Vomiting B. Heartburn C. Diarrhea D. Fever
A. C. D.
Select all that apply Total water intake refers to water ingested by A. Consuming beverages. B. Metabolism. C. Eating food. D. Drinking water.
A. C. D.
Select all that apply The fluid outside a cell is called A. Extracellular fluid. B. A micronutrient. C. Intracellular fluid. D. Interstitial fluid.
A. D.
Select all that apply Which ions are important in the regulation of intracellular fluid volume? A. Potassium B. Chloride C. Sodium D. Phosphate
A. D.
The hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that stimulates the kidneys to conserve water is called _________ ________.
Antidiuretic hormone
Intracellular water is water that is A. Outside the cell. B. Inside the cell.
B.
What is the primary avenue for excess water to be removed from the body? A. Feces B. Urine output C. Breath D. Perspiration
B.
What type of tissue contains the least amount of water? A. Heart muscle B. Fat tissue C. Muscle tissue
B.
Select all that apply Which ions are important in the regulation of intracellular fluid volume? A. Sodium B. Phosphate C. Potassium D. Chloride
B. C.
Select all that apply The amount of water a person needs to consume is determined by A. Day of week and time of day. B. Dietary choices. C. Environmental temperatures. D. Physical activities. E. Health conditions.
B. C. D. E.
Select all that apply The fluid outside a cell is called A. Intracellular fluid. B. Interstitial fluid. C. A micronutrient. D. Extracellular fluid.
B. D.
Select all that apply The simplest ways to determine hydration status are observing urine A. Taste. B. Color. C. Smell. D. Volume.
B. D.
A healthy person's daily water input ______ his average daily losses. A. Is less than B. Is more than C. Equals
C.
Diffusion _____ when the concentrations of the material on either side of the plasma membrane are equal. A. Increases B. Decreases slowly C. stops
C.
How long can a human survive without water? A. Up to 30 days B. 5 days C. At least 8-20 days D. A few days
D.
The passage of a solvent such as water through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated compartment to a more concentrated compartment is called A. Solubility. B. Electrolytes. C. Ion movement. D. Osmosis.
D.
A person who has perspired a lot while exercising on a humid day is at risk for _________ due to fluid losses.
Dehydration
The term that describes the body's water status is called _________.
Hydration
The heavy ion content of concentrated urine increases the risk of ________ _________ formation in susceptible people (generally men).
Kidney stones
Water that is formed inside cells as a by-product of metabolism is called ________ ________.
Metabolic water
The body maintains fluid balance by controlling in each compartment the concentration of ________.
ions
Consumption of water, beverages, and food all contribute to _______ _______ _______.
Total water intake
Consumption of water, beverages, and food all contribute to _________ ________ ________.
Total water intake
True or false: Most unusable substances in the body can dissolve in water and exit the body through the urine.
True
The primary and initial sign of dehydration is rapid ________ ________.
Weight loss