Nutrition Chapter 10

Cells require vitamin ________ to make coenzymes that participate in a variety of cellular processes, including the transfer of methylation in the metabolism of folate.

B-12

Premature infants and people recovering from serious diseases and injuries may have a conditional need for

Carnitine

True or false: Taurine is found in fruits and vegetables.

False

Which of the following are functions of vitamin C?

Immune system functioning, Collagen synthesis

What British physician discovered a cure for Scurvy?

James Lind

_____ helps hold the watery and fatty ingredients together in a product.

Lecithin

The vitamin-like compound that removes carbon dioxide from compounds is _______ _______.

Lipoic acid

People with a disorder that disrupts tryptophan metabolism may have a deficiency of _________.

Niacin

Salmon, tuna, mushrooms, and enriched breads are all good sources of

Niacin

Which vitamin plays a role in over 200 reactions and is necessary for the release of energy?

Niacin

_________ is a component of two coenzymes that play key roles in energy metabolism, yogurt, and other milk products are some of the best sources of this vitamin.

Riboflavin

What are some food sources of riboflavin?

Spinach, Milk, Yogurt

Which of the following are risk factors for cancer?

Using tobacco, Aging, Family history

Shellfish, poultry, meat, and eggs are all good sources of which vitamin?

Vitamin B-12

______ plays a vital role in keeping homocysteine from accumulating in the blood by converting it to cysteine.

Vitamin B-6

Collagen synthesis, antioxidant activity, and assistance in immune system functioning are all functions of which vitamin?

Vitamin C

What are some food sources of vitamin B-6?

Walnuts, Beef, Salmon

The B vitamins and vitamin C are _____ vitamins.

Water-soluble

A swollen and sore tongue is a possible sign of the riboflavin deficiency condition known as _________

glossitis (ariboflavinosis)

How is a total parenteral solution administered?

into a vein

Choose functions of niacin.

involved in at least 200 reactions, used to make NAD and NADP, involved in the pathway that releases energy from macronutrients

A healthy diet designed to reduce cancer risk would include

limiting consumption of red meat. increasing your intake of fruits. increasing your intake of whole grains.

The American Cancer Society recommends you do the following in order to reduce cancer risk.

maintain a healthy weight, become physically active, avoid exposure to tobacco

Smokers need more vitamin C daily than non-smokers because

of the greater stress placed on the lungs due to the oxidative damage.

Burning feet syndrome may be a sign of a deficiency of

pantothenic acid.

Since this vitamin is only found in animal products, people who eat little/no meat are at risk for a deficiency of ______.

vitamin B-12

Vegans need to be concerned about getting an adequate intake of ______ because plant foods are not good food sources of this micronutrient.

vitamin B-12

Intestinal bacteria can produce which vitamin?

Biotin

Because exposure to tobacco smoke increases free radical formation in the lungs, smokers have a higher requirement for vitamin ________.

C

A group of chronic diseases characterized by cells that have undergone damage is ________.

Cancer

Aging, family history, using tobacco, and being exposed to radiation are all risk factors for

Cancer

Alcohol is considered to be a ________, a cancer-causing agent.

Carcinogen

What are some signs and symptoms of a vitamin B-6 deficiency?

Dermatitis, Anemia, Convulsions

Signs and symptoms of ariboflavinosis include

Glossitis, cheilosis.

Aging, family history, using tobacco, and being exposed to radiation are all risk factors for

cancer

Milk, yogurt, liver, and enriched cereals are all good sources of which vitamin?

Riboflavin

A total parenteral solution is a liquid mixture ______

that provides nourishment to those who are unable to eat normally and is administered intravenously.

The British physician, James Lind, designed a very simple experiment that found a cure for _______

Scurvy

In its coenzyme form, biotin participates in chemical reactions that

add carbon dioxide to other compounds.

Which of the following are food sources of niacin?

Beef liver, Salmon, Tuna

Pantothenic acid is a component of ________ ________.

Coenzyme A

Which vitamin does not reach toxic levels in the body because it is readily excreted in urine?

Thiamin

Which vitamin plays a role in the chemical reactions involved in the release of energy from carbohydrates?

Thiamin

______ is a water-soluble vitamin that is used to make a coenzyme that participates in chemical reactions involved in the release of energy from carbohydrates.

Thiamin

Good sources of pantothenic acid are

sunflower seeds, chicken liver, mushrooms.

Which form of vitamin B-12 is more readily absorbed?

synthetic

One role of lipoic acid in the body is with

Antioxidants

What are some good food sources of folate?

Asparagus , Leafy vegetables, Liver

Because it is produced by intestinal bacteria and found in a wide variety of foods, a deficiency of the B vitamin, ______ is rare.

Biotin

A vitamin-like compound that may be conditionally essential in diabetes is

Inositol

What are some major food sources of vitamin B-12?

Poultry, Milk, meat

Which vitamin is a component of the two coenzymes FMN and FAD that play key roles in energy metabolism?

Riboflavin

The neural tube in the human embryo eventually develops into the ______.

Brain, spinal cord

Inositol may be conditionally essential in

Diabetes, multiple sclerosis, certain cancers.

True or false: Carnitine has been proven to be a useful aid for exercise and weight loss.

False

True or false: Pantothenic acid is so rare in our foods that nutritional deficiencies are common.

False

The body is able to store which group of vitamins?

Fat-soluble vitamins

_______ ______ is more bioavailable than the naturally occurring folate.

Folic acid

Which of the food groups provide the highest levels of vitamin C in the body?

Fruits and vegetables

Which of the following are food sources of niacin?

Salmon, Beef liver, Tuna

In the body, pantothenic acid is important for

energy metabolism, fatty acid synthesis.

Which foods contain the richest sources of folate?

enriched grains, fortified cereals

Thiamin does not reach toxic levels in the body because

excess vitamin can be excreted in the urine.

Biotin's roles in the body includes ______.

glucose synthesis, amino acid breakdown, fatty acid synthesis

Intestinal enzymes are necessary to remove ___________ from naturally-occurring folate.

glutamates

Three leading causes of cancer death for women are ______.

breast cancer, lung and bronchus cancer, colorectum cancer

The synthetic form of folate is called _____ ______.

folic acid

Which of the following are good sources of vitamin C?

Strawberries, citrus fruits, broccoli

Vitamin B-12 absorbs more readily in its _____ form because the vitamin is not attached to an animal protein.

Synthetic

In the United States, people at risk for niacin deficiency include those with

anorexia nervosa, tryptophan metabolism disorder, alcoholism.

Which vitamin do cells require to make coenzymes that participate in a variety of cellular processes, including the transfer of methylation in the metabolism of folate?

vitamin B-12

Beef, salmon, potatoes, and sweet red peppers are all good sources of ______.

vitamin B-6

Certain substances in foods and beverages promote cancer development. ________, a component of many drinks, is an example of a carcinogen.

Alcohol

Dermatitis, anemia, convulsions, depression, and confusion are all signs of a vitamin ______ deficiency.

B-6

When a water-soluble vitamin assists in the chemical reaction involved in the metabolism of the macronutrients, this is known as its ______function.

Coenzyme

_______ is a toxic amino acid and vitamin B-6 plays a vital role in keeping it from accumulating in the blood.

Homocysteine

A common food additive added to certain foods such as salad dressings and ice cream for its emulsifying properties is called ______.

Lecithin

Although rare, deficiencies of the vitamin ________ _________ may cause headaches, fatigue and impaired muscle coordination.

Pantothenic acid

What is present in fruits and vegetables, has antioxidant activity, and may help prevent cancer?

Phytochemicals, Carotenoids, vitamin C

Three leading causes of cancer death for men are ______.

Prostate, lung and bronchus, colorectum

Anancephaly and _______ _______ may occur if a woman's diet is low in folate.

Spina bifida

High intake of fruits and vegetables reduce the risk of cancers of the

Stomach. Lungs. Esophagus.

Although plants do not contain _______, vegetarians do not develop a deficiency of this compound, suggesting that it isn't essential.

Taurine

Choose the statements that are true about cancer.

a group of chronic diseases, occurs when damage occurs to genes