nutrition chapter 3
Antigens
Foreign material that invades the body (magic school bus)
The pyloric sphincter controls the flow of chyme as it passes out of the stomach and into the small intestine. Which of the following is a possible effect of a malfunctioning pyloric sphincter?
Inadequate nutrient digestion and absorption because the small intestine doesn't have enough time to digest food
How is digesting food moved along the small intestine?
By peristalsis, which is the contraction of the smooth muscle to push food forward
phagocytes
A type of white blood cell that ingests invading microbes
What is the name of the mechanism that inhibits gastric motility and the secretion of gastric acid?
Enterogastric reflex
What forms must carbohydrates and proteins take to be absorbed by the small intestine?
Monosaccharides and amino acids
Which term describes movement within the small intestine caused by contraction and relaxation of the longitudinal muscles?
Pendular movement
What propels food through the small intestine?
Peristalsis
Which movement within the small intestine is described as the contraction of circular smooth muscles that constrict the intestines into segments?
Segmentation
Antibodys
a substance produced by the body to fight disease
liver
after leaving small intestines the blood, breaks down nutrients.
b-cells
antibodies that attack foreign invaders (medicines)
T cells
attack the antigen
lungs & hearts
blood circulates to the lungs where oxygen is picked up and releases carbon dioxide waste from cells the blood returns the heart to pump fresh oxygen to the tissue and makes its way to the digestive system
kidneys
blood passes through and cleanses waster, leaves blood carries back to the heart and starts all over.
small intestines
blood passes through the digestive system and delivers oxygen to cells and picks up most nutrients other then fat (nutrients absorbed)
digestive system
breaks down food
Blood transports
carbohydrates, protein, water-soluble, vitamins and minerals (vitamins c and b vitamins)
veins
city roads slows down, carries blood
immune system
defender
what do our cells need
energy, oxygen, water, nutrients they cant make for themselves
what does lymph picks up
excess nutrients that blood cant pickup, and take it back to the heart. picks up fat digestion and fat soluble
capillaries
exits, transfers materials between blood tissue, conects arteries to veins
Arteries
freeway, carries the blood
Secretions from the _____, called _____, neutralize acid from the stomach in the small intestine.
pancreas, bicarbonate
blood cirulation (have to know order for the test)
heart -> lungs -> heart -> small intestines -> liver -> kidney -> heart
hormonal and nervous system
messenger
What is one reason that enzymes are present in the small intestine?
to break down protein to amino acids
cardiovascular system
transportation
Lymphocytes
two forms of white blood cells, b-cells and t-cells
lymph vessels
two lane highway, small tubes that carry lymph fluid throughout the body
Which of the following does the large intestine most likely absorb in digestion?
water
what is the fuel blood and lympb need?
water