Nutrition: Chapter 6 Practice Test

When energy intake exceeds demand, what is done with excess protein? a. It is stored in adipose b. It is stored as glycogen in the liver c. It is excreted in the urine d. It is converted to glucose

D: It is converted to glucose

Which disease is most likely to cause edema as a result of protein malnutrition? a. Arthritis b. Diabetes c. Sleep Apnea d. Liver Disease

D: Liver Disease

What is the process of messenger RNA being made from a template of DNA known as? a. Interception b. Translation c. Interpretation d. Transcription

D: Transcription

The USDA Food Patterns sorts protein foods into three subgroups. The total recommended weekly intake of seafood should be about ______ percent. a. 20 b. 40

A. 20%: For a 2000-kcalorie diet, the USDA Food Patterns recommends the following weekly amounts for the protein foods subgroups: 8oz. seafood; 26oz. of meat, poultry, or eggs; 5oz. nuts, seeds, soy products. The total weekly amount of protein is 39oz.

Most proteins are broken down into their amino acids ______ absorption in the small intestine. a. Before b. After

A. Before: Most proteins are too large to be absorbed across the intestinal cells and into the blood. Thus, digestion breaks down proteins into their component amino acids that are small enough to be absorbed.

When Nitrogen consumption is less than nitrogen excretion, a person is in _______ nitrogen balance. a. Negative b. Positive c. in Nitrogen Balance

A. Negative: Negative nitrogen balance results from starvation, diets containing inadequate calories, and severe illness. The person who would most likely be in negative nitrogen balance here is therefore the elderly man, who appears to be quite malnourished.

By eating a balanced diet and consuming a variety of foods, the majority of active and inactive people easily meet their daily protein needs. What is the most important consideration for someone trying to build muscle? a. Regular strength training b. Amount of protein consumed

A. Regular strength training

The part of the chemical structure that differentiates one amino acid from another is: a. Side Groups b. Amino Groups

A. Side Groups: All amino acids have a terminal carbon with an amino group, hydrogen, and a side group attached. The side group has a unique chemical structure, differentiating one amino acid from another.

An ounce of most protein foods delivers about _______ of protein. a. 7 grams b. 15 grams c. 3 grams d. 10 grams

A: 7 grams

Muscle growth due to protein synthesis is an example of what kind of reaction? a. Anabolic b. Catabolic c. Neutral

A: Anabolic

If an essential amino acid needed to make an important protein is missing, how does the body compensate? a. Break down existing proteins to supply it. b. Synthesize the amino acid from glucose and nitrogen. c. Synthesize the amino acid from a fatty acid and nitrogen

A: Break down existing body proteins to supply it.

Which activity results from the action of hydrochloric acid on protein in the stomach? a. Denaturation b. Condensation c. Decreased Enzyme Activity d. Increased Alkalinity

A: Denaturation

Which food is the highest quality protein and contains all of the essential amino acids? a. Eggs b. Walnuts c. Gelatin d. Black Beans

A: Eggs

9 of the 20 Amino Acids are: a. Essential Amino Acids b. Non-Essential Amino Acids c. Conditionally Essential Amino Acids

A: Essential Amino Acids

Must be obtained through diet: a. Essential Amino Acids b. Non-Essential Amino Acids c. Conditionally Essential Amino Acids

A: Essential Amino Acids

The body does not produce enough to meet physiological needs: a. Essential Amino Acids b. Non-Essential Amino Acids c. Conditionally Essential Amino Acids

A: Essential Amino Acids

Which amino acid is elevated in individuals with heart disease? a. Homocysteine b. Histidine c. Glutamine d. Glycine

A: Homocysteine

Pepsin is required for digestion in the stomach: a. Only Proteins b. Lipids, Carbohydrates, and Proteins

A: Only Proteins

The Chemical makeup requires four elements: a. Only Proteins b. Lipids, Carbohydrates, and Proteins

A: Only Proteins

They are made according to instructions provided by genetic material: a. Only proteins b. Lipids, Carbohydrates, & Proteins

A: Only Proteins

They contain nitrogen: a. Only proteins b. Lipids, Carbohydrates, & Proteins

A: Only Proteins

Coraline has been eating a very high protein diet for several years. Which health problem is she at an increased risk for developing? a. Osteoporosis b. Slow Wound Healing c. Muscle and Joint Pain d. Cognitive Changes and Foggy Thinking

A: Osteoporosis

Muscle growth requires: a. Positive Protein Balance b. Negative Protein Balance c. Maximized Muscle Glycogen Stores

A: Positive Protein Balance

Which food source is high-quality protein? a. Seafood b. Gelatin c. Corn d. Black Beans

A: Seafood

Which of the following is a characteristic of plant-based diets? a. They are usually low in saturated fats. b. They are usually high in saturated fats. c. They usually require attention to weight. d. They likely have poor protein quality.

A: They are usually low in saturated fats.

Proteins are one of 3 _______ found in the diet. a. Micronutrients b. Macronutrients

B. Macronutrients: Proteins help provide structure to cells and are the major component of enzymes that participate in biological reactions.

In the stomach, hydrochloric acid denatures proteins and activates: a. Protease b. Pepsin

B. Pepsin: Hydrochloric acid uncoils dietary proteins so that digestive enzymes can begin to attack the peptide bonds joining the amino acids together in the protein chain. When hydrochloric acid attacks the inactive enzymes pepsinogen, the active form of the enzyme, pepsin, is made.

When nitrogen consumption is greater than nitrogen excretion, a person is in _______ nitrogen balance. a. Negative b. Positive c. Nitrogen Balance

B. Positive: Positive nitrogen balance is needed during periods of growth or during pregnancy. The person who would most likely be in positive nitrogen balance is therefore the baby, who is experiencing a great deal of regeneration and growth.

When the two plant protein foods _____ and ______ are combined, a complementary protein is made, containing all of the essential amino acids in quantities sufficient to support health. a. Rice and Potatoes b. Rice and Black Beans c. Corn and Potatoes d. Corn and Back Beans

B. Rice and Black Beans: Black beans are legumes that offer essential amino acids isoleucine and lysine but are low in methionine and tryptophan. Rice is a grain and is low in isoleucine and lysine, but high in methionine and tryptophan.

The ______ of amino acids in a protein chain determines its shape. a. Types b. Sequence

B. Sequence: The primary structure is determined by the sequence of amino acids, which can be linked together in a variety if sequences.

________ is the process of messenger RNA directing the sequence of amino acids and synthesis of proteins. a. Transcription b. Translation

B. Translation: is the process of messenger RNA being made from a template of DNA. Translation occurs when messenger RNA identifies the genetic code to make the new protein.

What percent of total energy intake should come from protein? a. 5-10% b. 10-35% c. 35-50% d. 50-60%

B: 10% to 35%

Rosa is on a high-protein diet. Which recommendation is most appropriate for her? a. Get a lot of sleep b. Drink plenty of water c. Drink highly acidic fruit juices d. Exercise before eating protein

B: Drink plenty of water.

Which type of protein facilitates chemical reactions? a. Antibody b. Enzyme c. Structural Protein d. Transporter

B: Enzyme

The human body is able to synthesize them: a. Only proteins b. Lipids, Carbohydrates, & Proteins

B: Lipids, Carbohydrates, & Proteins

Muscle mass is lost when new protein balance is: a. Equivalent b. Negative c. Positive

B: Negative

Like carbohydrates and lipids, proteins are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. However, they also contain _____ atoms. a. Potassium b. Nitrogen

B: Nitrogen

The body can make them: a. Essential Amino Acids b. Non-Essential Amino Acids c. Conditionally Essential Amino Acids

B: Non-Essential Amino Acids

Evidence suggests that cancer of the colon, pancreas, and ovaries is connected with high consumption of which of the following? a. Soy Protein b. Red Meat and Processed Meat c. Enriched White Bread d. Red Beans and Rice

B: Red meat and processed meats

Which of these represents a major role of protein in the body? a. Insulate Body Tissue b. Remodel and Build Cells c. Provide Energy During Exercise

B: Remodel and Build Cells

Which statement is true o essential amino acids? a. Only unhealthy adults need them b. The body does not make sufficient amounts, so they must be included in the diet. c. They are secreted to digest food. d. The body makes them in adequate amounts, so no supplementation is necessary.

B: The body does not make sufficient amounts, so they must be included in the diet.

Which of the following statements about protein metabolism is NOT true? a. Excess dietary protein can be made into glucose b. Urea is the toxic product produced during protein/amino acid metabolism c. Excess dietary protein can be made into fat.

B: Urea is the toxic product produced during protein/amino acid metabolism

When nitrogen consumption and nitrogen excretion are approximately the same, a person is in _______. a. Positive Nitrogen Balance b. Negative Nitrogen Balance c. Nitrogen Balance

C. Nitrogen Balance: Nitrogen balance is generally found in healthy adults who are not pregnant. Therefore, the person who would most likely be in nitrogen balance is the healthy adult.

What is the protein RDA per kilogram of healthy body weight? a. 0.4 grams b. 0.6 grams c. 0.8 grams d. 1 gram

C: 0.8 grams

Roughly how much protein is in three ounces of chicken, one cup of milk, and a half-cup of green beans? a. 10 grams b. 20 grams c. 30 grams d. 40 grams

C: 30 Grams

If a woman weighs 60 kilograms and her weight falls within the normal range for her height, how many grams of protein should she consume in 1 hay to meet the RDA? a. 40 b. 38 c. 48 d. 20

C: 48

Which of the following is NOT a measure of protein quality in food? a. Comparison with a Reference Protein b. Amino Acid Composition c. Amount d. Digestibility

C: Amount

Which amino acid may help protect against heart disease by lowering blood pressure and preventing blood clots? a. Homocysteine b. Tyrosine c. Arginine d. Histidine

C: Arginine

Which enzyme works in the small intestine to cleave the peptide bonds next to specific amino acids? a. Pepcid b. Entropeptidase c. Chymotrypsin d. Hydrochloric Acid

C: Chymotrypsin

They can become necessary to obtain from food under certain circumstances: a. Essential Amino Acids b. Non-Essential Amino Acids c. Conditionally Essential Amino Acids

C: Conditionally Essential Amino Acids

Proteins are involved in all of the following activities in the body, EXCEPT: a. Regulation of fluid balance b. Cellular growth and repair c. Formation of cholesterol d. Formation of antibodies

C: Formation of cholseterol

Which of the following substances converts the inactive pepsinogen to its active form pepsin? a. Amylase b Amino Acid c. Hydrochloric Acid d. Protein

C: Hydrochloric Acid

Which atoms does protein contain that is NOT also found in carbohydrates? a. Carbon b. Oxygen c. Nitrogen d. Hydrogen

C: Nitrogen

Which amino acid is nonessential? a. Lysine b. Valine c. Proline d. Methionine

C: Proline

Amino acids are composed of a central carbon atom connected to a hydrogen atom, an acid group, an amine group, and a side chain. The ________ is the group that varies for each amino acid. a. Acid. Group b. Amine Group c. Side Chain

C: Side Chain

In which way do the structures of amino acids differ from each other? a. Some do not contain nitrogen b. Some do not contain carbon c. They each have a unique side group d. They each have a unique acid group

C: They each have a unique side group.

What percentage of total food energy should be provided by protein daily? a. 20 b. 5-10 c. 40-50 d. 10-35

D: 10-35

Whey protein is a waste product from the manufacturing of: a. Preservatives b. Enriched Wheat Bread c. Cured Meats d. Cheese

D: Cheese

Which of the following food groups contains no protein? a. Legumes b. Milk and Milk Products c. Grains d. Fruits

D: Fruits

Nonessential amino acids are those that are not made in the body and are therefore unnecessary. True or False?

FALSE: Nonessential amino acids are amino acids that the body can make even if we do not get it from the food we eat. These amino acids are still important for our health.

Eating predigested proteins can help keep your digestive system from being overworked. True or False?

FALSE: The digestive system handles whole proteins better than predigested ones because it dismantles and absorbs the amino acids at optimal rates for the body's use.

If excess protein is consumed, it is stored in the liver for future use. True or False?

FALSE: When energy intake exceeds demand, excess protein is converted to glucose or ketone bodies stored in the body as glycogen and fat.

This is an accurate simple description of amino acids? Amino acids are like puzzle pieces. Like the most broken down pieces of protein you can imagine. True or False?

TRUE

Like many nutrients, consuming protein in excess has adverse health effects. True or False?

TRUE: Protein in excess can be harmful. High-protein diets have been implicated in several chronic diseases, including heart disease, cancer, osteoporosis, obesity, and kidney stones.

Soy protein is always a high-quality protein. True or False?

TRUE: Some plant proteins are notoriously low quality (corn protein); a few others are high-quality (soy protein).