Nutrition Chapter 7- The Vitamins

until the FDA received documentation of adverse reactions

A supplement is considered safe...

True

A vitamin D deficiency can cause rickets in children.

neutralizing the free radicals and converting them back into stable oxygen molecules

Antioxidant vitamins prevent free radicals from attacking cells and causing damage by _____.

True

Atrophic gastritis is a common reason older adults develop a B-12 deficiency.

False

Choline is an essential nutrient that must be supplied to the body through food intake.

False

FDA approval of supplements requires extensive laboratory testing and clinical trials.

False

Fat-soluble vitamins are less likely to reach toxic levels since the body can excrete excess amounts.

A person is recovering from surgery.

Health experts often advise individuals to routinely take a multivitamin-mineral supplement under the guidance of a physician when _____.

True

High blood levels of homocysteine have been associated with low blood levels of vitamin B12, vitamin B6, and folate.

Vitamin K

Jennifer's baby is given an injection of a vitamin before leaving the hospital. The nurse says it is routinely given to prevent excessive bleeding in case of an injury. What vitamin was Jennifer's baby given?

Larry should keep his consumption of vitamin K fairly constant from day to day.

Larry takes Coumadin to help keep his blood from clotting and to lower his risk of having a stroke. What will his doctor tell him about vitamin K?

Folate, vitamin C, beta-carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin K

Michael makes a large daily salad for lunch that contains spinach, kale, almonds, and strawberry slices. What key vitamins are provided in his salad?

coenzymes

Niacin, riboflavin, and thiamin are parts of _____________ that help break down nutrients.

False

Phytochemicals provide energy and serve as building materials.

False

Price is one of the best indicators of the quality of a supplement.

True

Research supports the view that high fat intake increases the incidence of cancers of the ovaries, colon, and prostate.

False

Sources of beta-carotene include dark green vegetables, milk, and dairy products.

Drink green or black tea after dinner.

Susan wants to get more phytochemicals in her diet. Which tip would you suggest?

True

Taking antibiotics could lead to a Vitamin K deficiency.

beta-carotene

The antioxidant ___________ is found in fruits and vegetables and can be converted to vitamin A in the body.

Vitamins B and C

The water-soluble vitamins include __________.

False

Thiamin-deficiency is commonly seen in Americans because of a highly processed diet.

helps to maintain healthy epithelial tissue

Vitamin A _____.

False

Vitamin C, vitamin E, and the carotenoids are known as free radicals.

True

Vitamin D assists in the absorption of dietary calcium and helps to make calcium and phosphorus available in the blood.

False

Vitamins D and A work together to regulate blood calcium levels.

Nonvitamins are abundant in foods making them essential to other animals but not humans.

Which of the following is a correct statement about nonvitamins?

Hormones initiate the release of calcium from the bones.

What happens whenever calcium concentration in the blood falls too low?

They are very unstable during food handling and processing.

What is a characteristic of water-soluble vitamins?

Folate - neural tube defects

What is a correct pairing of the vitamin with an associated deficiency symptom?

Low levels of the B vitamins have been found in association with high homocysteine levels and an increased risk of fatal heart disease in men and women.

What is the link between homocysteine, the B vitamins—folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin B6—and heart disease?

It helps enzymes release energy from absorbed nutrients.

What is the primary role of the B-family of vitamins?

Flaxseed - exhibits estrogen-blocking activity

What phytochemical-containing food is matched correctly with its possible health benefit?

Discuss herbal supplement use with your physician.

What statement about herbal medicines provides sound advice or information?

It can be easily treated with vitamin B12 supplements or injections.

What statement regarding atrophic gastritis is correct?

Vitamin D

What vitamin can be made by the body and acts like a hormone?

Eat the fruits and vegetables because they offer compounds in addition to nutrients that appear to reduce cancer risk.

What would you tell someone who thinks that taking vitamin supplements to prevent cancer provides the same level of protection as eating 4 ½ cups of fruits and vegetables each day?

stored in the liver and adipose (fat) tissue

When a fat-soluble vitamin is consumed in excess of body needs, the excess is usually....

A male college track runner

Which individual is at lowest risk for a vitamin D deficiency?

Liver

Which type of cancer is not associated with low fruit and vegetable intake?

niacin -- pellagra

Which vitamin is associated with the correct deficiency condition or risk?

Because the body is unable to make enough choline when fed a choline-free diet

Why is choline considered a "conditionally" essential nutrient?

Vitamin K

________ can be made by gut microbes.

Vitamin B12

__________ is often missing from a vegan diet.

Vitamin C

__________ protects the body against stress and boosts the functioning of the body's immune system.