Nutrition Exam 2
at rest, the typical body stores of glycogen can provide energy for a maximum of about
1 day
what fraction of the body's total glycogen content is found in the liver
1/3
approximately how pounds of added sugars are consumed by the average US resident each year?
105 lbs
You have just arrived at a lunch buffet and are faced with many choices. Although each of the following portions provides about 200 kcalories, which is the most nutrient dense?
3 slices of whole wheat bread
percentage of the world's adult population shows good tolerance to lactose ingestion
30
approximately how many kcalories are provided by two teaspoons of sugar?
30 kcalories
following blood glucose concentration (mg/dL) is most consistent with hypoglycemia
40
what is the minimum daily amount of dietary carbs necessary to spare body protein from excessive breakdown
50-100 grams
normal range (mg/dL) for blood glucose?
70-110
which of the following values falls within the normal range (mg/dL) of blood glucose?
75
among the following population groups, which shows the highest prevalence of lactose
African Americans
the predominant grain product in much of South and Central America
Corn
for most of the worlds population, what is the effect of aging on the activity of lactase?
declines by 90-95%
which of the following is best known to result from regular ingestion of sugar?
dental caries
Which of the following ingredients listed on food labels would be acceptable to the person who is highly intolerant to lactose in the diet?
dextrins
what is the name of the short chains of glucose units that result from starch breakdown?
dextrins
a person fasting with a blood glucose concentration of 129 would be considered
diabetic
which of the following is a feature of diabetes
dietary management should focus on total carb intake rather than the type of carb consumed
which of the following recommendations will help to reduce the incidence of dental caries when the diet contains sugary foods
eat a sugar snack all at one time, rather than in parts through out the day
which of the following describes a relationship between carb intake and dental health?
eating a sugary dessert at the beginning of a meal, rather than the end is less likely to promote dental caries
when you are under physical stress, what hormone is released quickly to stimulate an increase in blood glucose concentration
epinephrine
what type of fiber is readily digested by colonic bacteria?
fermentable
what are cellulose, pectin, hemicellulose, and lingin?
fibers
NOT a rich source of dietary starch
fruits
when blood glucose concentration falls, what pancreatic hormone is secreted to stimulate release of stored glucose?
glucagon
the process by which an amino acid is used to make glucose is termed
gluconeogenesis
which of the following is a component of all three dietary disaccharides
glucose
gluconeogenesis is the term that describes the synthesis of
glucose from a noncarbohydrate substance
what term describes how quickly glucose is absorbed from a food after ingestion, how high blood glucose rises as a result, and how quickly blood glucose returns to normal
glycemic response
primary storage form of carbs in the body
glycogen
typical dietary sources of carbs include all of the except
glycogen
what is the name of the animal polysaccharide composed of glucose units?
glycogen
a person eating lots of white bread, white rice, and ready to eat cereals would have a diet with a glycemic index that is
high
what is the predominant sweetener used in formulating beverages?
high fructose corn syrup
the chemical reaction by which starch is split into monosaccharides is termed
hydrolysis
characteristic of dietary fiber
they are classified according to solubility in water
which of the following is a byproduct of the condensation of two molecules of glucose
water
staple grain of Canada, the U.S. and Europe
wheat
milk that has been treated with a commercially available lactase preparation undergoes with of the following changes
increase in sweetness
what is the name of the sweetener consisting of a mixture of glucose and fructose formed by chemical hydrolysis of sucrose
invert-sugar
which of the following is a feature of kefir
it contains live bacterial organisms
all of the following are properties of fiber except:
it elevates blood glucose levels
characteristic of dietary phytic acid include all of the following except:
it is classified as a fiber
all of the following are features of honey except
it is the preferred sweetener in infant foods
which of the following is a feature of glycogen
it is virtually absent from animal meats
which of the following is a feature of the condition hypoglycemia?
it occurs rarely in otherwise healthy people
a feature of resistant starch
it resists hydrolysis by digestive enzymes
what is the principle carb of milk?
lactose
which of the sugars is not found in plants
lactose
water-solube fibers include all except
lignins
in the time between meals, what organ releases glucose to help maintain normal blood glucose levels
liver
what is the first organ the receive carbs absorbed from the intestine
liver
what is the primary organ that converts fructose to glucose following absorption
liver
what glycemic index category would include yogurt and cheese?
low
what is the primary function of insulin?
lowers blood glucose levels
which of the following is a feature of diabetes
many people with type 2 are obese
least likely be connected with the development of lactose intolerance
milk allergy
another name for lactose
milk sugar
which of the following sweeteners contain a significant amount of calcium
molasses
honey contains
more kCalories per teaspoon than sucrose
why are hard cheeses lower in lactose than soft cheeses?
more lactose is removed during manufacturing
enzymatic digestion of starches takes place in the small intestine and also in the:
mouth
glycogen is stored in which tissue?
muscle and liver
in what organ is most of the body's glycogen found?
muscles
with few exceptions, all of the following characteristics are shared by water-soluble and water-insoluble fiber except:
neither has an appreciable effect on glucose absorption
what is the composition of sucrose
one glucose and one fructose unit
what is the composite of lactose
one glucose and one galactose unit
function fiber
one that is extracted from plants and has a beneficial health effect
first organ to respond to an increase in blood glucose concentration
pancreas
a 101 mg/dL blood glucose level would be considered
prediabetic
a person diagnosed with milk allergy would be sensitive to the milks
protein
the enzymes that digest dietary sugars are produced by the
small intestine
what is the primary absorption site for digestible carbs
small intestine
contains the least amount of fiber
white rice
the chief carb in the beet sugar is
sucrose
your nephew Jimmy, who is 10 years old, has been giving himself a shot in the thigh every day for the past year. He confides in you that he craves candy but was told by his parents that he can only eat sugar free snacks. From which of the following conditions does Jimmy most likely suffer
Type 1 diabetes
what is the chief reason that many people with lactose intolerance can consume foods containing some lactose without suffering any symptoms
a change occurs in the GI bacteria
if you were to exercise continuously, about how long would glycogen stores last?
a few hours
which of the following statements describes the glycemic index of foods
a way of ranking foods according to their potential to increase blood glucose
among the following foods, which contain the lowest amount of lactose per serving
american cheese
which enzyme does not act on simple sugars?
amylase
not characteristic of fibers
an example of nonpolyssacharide fiber is hemicellulose
which plays a major role in the breakdown of certain types of dietary fiber in the large intestine?
bacteria
which of the following is a characteristic of yogurt?
bacteria in yogurt produce lactase
in a person with type 2 diabetes, which of the following foods would ordinarily promote the least favorable glycemic effect?
baked potato
which of the following is a typical response of the body to changes in blood glucose
blood glucose levels that fall too low signal the release of glucagon
you have just finished a light breakfast of toast and jelly, Which of the following series of events proceeds upon digestion/absorption of the meal until it is near time for lunch?
blood glucose rises, the pancreas releases insulin, glucose is taken up by the cells through the action of insulin, blood glucose levels decline
which of the following are characteristic of the conditions diabetes and hypoglycemia?
both benefit from the inclusion of fiber-rich foods and consumption of smaller, more frequent meals
after you and your friend Dolores share pretzels and animal crackers, she announces that she wants to start digesting her food by watching TV. You inform Dolores that:
carb digestion beings in the mouth through the action of amylase, so she has already begun digesting the snacks
which is described as a nonstarch polysaccharide
cellulose
which of the following fibers is water insoluble
cellulose
which is an example of the difference between the chemical bonds in starch and those in cellulose?
cellulose bonds are not hydrolyzed by human enzymes
which provides the least amount of lactose per serving
cheddar cheese
What is the reaction that links two monosaccharides together?
condensation
all the following are symptoms of lactose intolerance except
constipation
what is the composition of maltose
two glucose molecules
common source of resistant starch
unripe bananas
feature of lactose?
used as a filler in one out of five prescription drugs
feature of pectins
used to thicken jelly
describes the compound of phytic acid
nonnutrient component of plant seeds
