Nutrition Exam 2

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at rest, the typical body stores of glycogen can provide energy for a maximum of about

1 day

what fraction of the body's total glycogen content is found in the liver

1/3

approximately how pounds of added sugars are consumed by the average US resident each year?

105 lbs

You have just arrived at a lunch buffet and are faced with many choices. Although each of the following portions provides about 200 kcalories, which is the most nutrient dense?

3 slices of whole wheat bread

percentage of the world's adult population shows good tolerance to lactose ingestion

30

approximately how many kcalories are provided by two teaspoons of sugar?

30 kcalories

following blood glucose concentration (mg/dL) is most consistent with hypoglycemia

40

what is the minimum daily amount of dietary carbs necessary to spare body protein from excessive breakdown

50-100 grams

normal range (mg/dL) for blood glucose?

70-110

which of the following values falls within the normal range (mg/dL) of blood glucose?

75

among the following population groups, which shows the highest prevalence of lactose

African Americans

the predominant grain product in much of South and Central America

Corn

for most of the worlds population, what is the effect of aging on the activity of lactase?

declines by 90-95%

which of the following is best known to result from regular ingestion of sugar?

dental caries

Which of the following ingredients listed on food labels would be acceptable to the person who is highly intolerant to lactose in the diet?

dextrins

what is the name of the short chains of glucose units that result from starch breakdown?

dextrins

a person fasting with a blood glucose concentration of 129 would be considered

diabetic

which of the following is a feature of diabetes

dietary management should focus on total carb intake rather than the type of carb consumed

which of the following recommendations will help to reduce the incidence of dental caries when the diet contains sugary foods

eat a sugar snack all at one time, rather than in parts through out the day

which of the following describes a relationship between carb intake and dental health?

eating a sugary dessert at the beginning of a meal, rather than the end is less likely to promote dental caries

when you are under physical stress, what hormone is released quickly to stimulate an increase in blood glucose concentration

epinephrine

what type of fiber is readily digested by colonic bacteria?

fermentable

what are cellulose, pectin, hemicellulose, and lingin?

fibers

NOT a rich source of dietary starch

fruits

when blood glucose concentration falls, what pancreatic hormone is secreted to stimulate release of stored glucose?

glucagon

the process by which an amino acid is used to make glucose is termed

gluconeogenesis

which of the following is a component of all three dietary disaccharides

glucose

gluconeogenesis is the term that describes the synthesis of

glucose from a noncarbohydrate substance

what term describes how quickly glucose is absorbed from a food after ingestion, how high blood glucose rises as a result, and how quickly blood glucose returns to normal

glycemic response

primary storage form of carbs in the body

glycogen

typical dietary sources of carbs include all of the except

glycogen

what is the name of the animal polysaccharide composed of glucose units?

glycogen

a person eating lots of white bread, white rice, and ready to eat cereals would have a diet with a glycemic index that is

high

what is the predominant sweetener used in formulating beverages?

high fructose corn syrup

the chemical reaction by which starch is split into monosaccharides is termed

hydrolysis

characteristic of dietary fiber

they are classified according to solubility in water

which of the following is a byproduct of the condensation of two molecules of glucose

water

staple grain of Canada, the U.S. and Europe

wheat

milk that has been treated with a commercially available lactase preparation undergoes with of the following changes

increase in sweetness

what is the name of the sweetener consisting of a mixture of glucose and fructose formed by chemical hydrolysis of sucrose

invert-sugar

which of the following is a feature of kefir

it contains live bacterial organisms

all of the following are properties of fiber except:

it elevates blood glucose levels

characteristic of dietary phytic acid include all of the following except:

it is classified as a fiber

all of the following are features of honey except

it is the preferred sweetener in infant foods

which of the following is a feature of glycogen

it is virtually absent from animal meats

which of the following is a feature of the condition hypoglycemia?

it occurs rarely in otherwise healthy people

a feature of resistant starch

it resists hydrolysis by digestive enzymes

what is the principle carb of milk?

lactose

which of the sugars is not found in plants

lactose

water-solube fibers include all except

lignins

in the time between meals, what organ releases glucose to help maintain normal blood glucose levels

liver

what is the first organ the receive carbs absorbed from the intestine

liver

what is the primary organ that converts fructose to glucose following absorption

liver

what glycemic index category would include yogurt and cheese?

low

what is the primary function of insulin?

lowers blood glucose levels

which of the following is a feature of diabetes

many people with type 2 are obese

least likely be connected with the development of lactose intolerance

milk allergy

another name for lactose

milk sugar

which of the following sweeteners contain a significant amount of calcium

molasses

honey contains

more kCalories per teaspoon than sucrose

why are hard cheeses lower in lactose than soft cheeses?

more lactose is removed during manufacturing

enzymatic digestion of starches takes place in the small intestine and also in the:

mouth

glycogen is stored in which tissue?

muscle and liver

in what organ is most of the body's glycogen found?

muscles

with few exceptions, all of the following characteristics are shared by water-soluble and water-insoluble fiber except:

neither has an appreciable effect on glucose absorption

what is the composition of sucrose

one glucose and one fructose unit

what is the composite of lactose

one glucose and one galactose unit

function fiber

one that is extracted from plants and has a beneficial health effect

first organ to respond to an increase in blood glucose concentration

pancreas

a 101 mg/dL blood glucose level would be considered

prediabetic

a person diagnosed with milk allergy would be sensitive to the milks

protein

the enzymes that digest dietary sugars are produced by the

small intestine

what is the primary absorption site for digestible carbs

small intestine

contains the least amount of fiber

white rice

the chief carb in the beet sugar is

sucrose

your nephew Jimmy, who is 10 years old, has been giving himself a shot in the thigh every day for the past year. He confides in you that he craves candy but was told by his parents that he can only eat sugar free snacks. From which of the following conditions does Jimmy most likely suffer

Type 1 diabetes

what is the chief reason that many people with lactose intolerance can consume foods containing some lactose without suffering any symptoms

a change occurs in the GI bacteria

if you were to exercise continuously, about how long would glycogen stores last?

a few hours

which of the following statements describes the glycemic index of foods

a way of ranking foods according to their potential to increase blood glucose

among the following foods, which contain the lowest amount of lactose per serving

american cheese

which enzyme does not act on simple sugars?

amylase

not characteristic of fibers

an example of nonpolyssacharide fiber is hemicellulose

which plays a major role in the breakdown of certain types of dietary fiber in the large intestine?

bacteria

which of the following is a characteristic of yogurt?

bacteria in yogurt produce lactase

in a person with type 2 diabetes, which of the following foods would ordinarily promote the least favorable glycemic effect?

baked potato

which of the following is a typical response of the body to changes in blood glucose

blood glucose levels that fall too low signal the release of glucagon

you have just finished a light breakfast of toast and jelly, Which of the following series of events proceeds upon digestion/absorption of the meal until it is near time for lunch?

blood glucose rises, the pancreas releases insulin, glucose is taken up by the cells through the action of insulin, blood glucose levels decline

which of the following are characteristic of the conditions diabetes and hypoglycemia?

both benefit from the inclusion of fiber-rich foods and consumption of smaller, more frequent meals

after you and your friend Dolores share pretzels and animal crackers, she announces that she wants to start digesting her food by watching TV. You inform Dolores that:

carb digestion beings in the mouth through the action of amylase, so she has already begun digesting the snacks

which is described as a nonstarch polysaccharide

cellulose

which of the following fibers is water insoluble

cellulose

which is an example of the difference between the chemical bonds in starch and those in cellulose?

cellulose bonds are not hydrolyzed by human enzymes

which provides the least amount of lactose per serving

cheddar cheese

What is the reaction that links two monosaccharides together?

condensation

all the following are symptoms of lactose intolerance except

constipation

what is the composition of maltose

two glucose molecules

common source of resistant starch

unripe bananas

feature of lactose?

used as a filler in one out of five prescription drugs

feature of pectins

used to thicken jelly

describes the compound of phytic acid

nonnutrient component of plant seeds


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