Nutrition Exam 2

which of the following is NOT classified as a complex carb? A. starch B. maltose C. glycogen D. fiber

B. maltose

major functions of lipids include all of the following except...

B. stimulating the production of vitamins and minerals

when muscle cells have more glucose than the need for energy, they may store some of the excess as...

D. glycogen

Instructions for making proteins are coded in a cell's ________.

DNA

soluble fiber can help reduce ________

blood cholesterol levels

insoluble fiber can ease _______

bowel movements

Glycogenolysis

breakdown of glycogen to glucose

emulsifier

can mix oil and water

true or false: phospholipids are emulsifiers

true

polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)

two or more hydrocarbon double bonds

true or false: fiber is essential

false

lipolysis

the breakdown of fats and other lipids by hydrolysis to release fatty acids

eating a diet high in trans fatty acids has been shown to increase circulating levels of LDL. why do food manufacturers use trans fatty acids like partially hydrogenated vegetable oils in packaged and processed foods?

trans fats increase a food's shelf life

losing as little as ____% of excess body fat can increase HDL cholesterol levels, reduce high blood pressure, and improve glucose tolerance

5% **

if an adult's RDA for protein is 65 grams, they would weigh approximately ____Kg

81

saturated fats

A fat that is solid at room temperature and found in animal fats, lards, and dairy products. no double bonds

which of the following foods is NOT a significant source of carbs? A. salmon B. apple Juice C. mashed potatoes D. breakfast cereal

A. salmon

which of the following is an essential amino acid?

Methionine

What online website identifies successful weight-loss methods by tracking individuals who have lost > 30 lbs of weight and kept it off for at least a year?

National Weight Control Registry

diabetes is characterized by...

abnormal glucose fat protein metabolism

triglycerides

an energy-rich compound made up of a single molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acid.

which of the following is NOT a complete protein source?

apples

Thomas often describes his body shape as an "apple shape', also known as ______

central-body obesity

starch

composed of amylose. hundreds of glucose molecules

________ is the process that changes the normal shape of a protein and, as a result, the molecule loses its usual function.

denaturation

insulin enables glucose to...

enter most cells

signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia

excessive thirst frequent urination blurred vision poor wound healing

Ketone bodies are the by-products of partial breakdown of ________.

fat

Gluconeogenesis

formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources

alpha cells produce...

glucagon (hormone)

3 most important dietary monosaccharides

glucose fructose galactose

if Erin is following a safe and medically sound weight-loss program to lose 20 pounds, you could conclude that it...

includes regular physical activity

beta cells produce....

insulin (hormone)

Duncan's diet contains high amounts of protein and fat, but it is very low in carbohydrates. As a result of following this diet, Duncan's body forms more ________ than normal.

ketone bodies

condition caused by protein-energy malnutrition and characterized by stunted growth, sparse and brittle hair, patches of skin discoloration, edema and swelling, a distended abdomen, infection, and poor wound healing?

kwashiorkor

3 major dietary disaccharides

maltose (2 glucose) sucrose (1 glucose, 1 fructose) lactose (1 galactose, 1 glucose)

Is fiber digestible in humans?

no, but metabolized through fermentation

monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA)

one double carbon bond

the chemical attraction between the acid group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid can form a _________

peptide bond

what is the major structural component of cell membranes?

phospholipids

oligosaccharides

short chains of 3-10 monosaccharides human digestive system doesn't readily break them down

Carbohydrate absorption occurs almost exclusively in the ________.

small intestine

glycogen

storage form of glucose in liver and muscle

soluble vs insoluble fiber

• Soluble: absorbs water; lower blood cholesterol i. Beans, peas, oats, fruit • Insoluble: doesn't absorb water; softens stool i. Whole grains, nuts, fruits and veggies