Nutrition Exam 2
which of the following is NOT classified as a complex carb? A. starch B. maltose C. glycogen D. fiber
B. maltose
major functions of lipids include all of the following except...
B. stimulating the production of vitamins and minerals
when muscle cells have more glucose than the need for energy, they may store some of the excess as...
D. glycogen
Instructions for making proteins are coded in a cell's ________.
DNA
soluble fiber can help reduce ________
blood cholesterol levels
insoluble fiber can ease _______
bowel movements
Glycogenolysis
breakdown of glycogen to glucose
emulsifier
can mix oil and water
true or false: phospholipids are emulsifiers
true
polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)
two or more hydrocarbon double bonds
true or false: fiber is essential
false
lipolysis
the breakdown of fats and other lipids by hydrolysis to release fatty acids
eating a diet high in trans fatty acids has been shown to increase circulating levels of LDL. why do food manufacturers use trans fatty acids like partially hydrogenated vegetable oils in packaged and processed foods?
trans fats increase a food's shelf life
losing as little as ____% of excess body fat can increase HDL cholesterol levels, reduce high blood pressure, and improve glucose tolerance
5% **
if an adult's RDA for protein is 65 grams, they would weigh approximately ____Kg
81
saturated fats
A fat that is solid at room temperature and found in animal fats, lards, and dairy products. no double bonds
which of the following foods is NOT a significant source of carbs? A. salmon B. apple Juice C. mashed potatoes D. breakfast cereal
A. salmon
which of the following is an essential amino acid?
Methionine
What online website identifies successful weight-loss methods by tracking individuals who have lost > 30 lbs of weight and kept it off for at least a year?
National Weight Control Registry
diabetes is characterized by...
abnormal glucose fat protein metabolism
triglycerides
an energy-rich compound made up of a single molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acid.
which of the following is NOT a complete protein source?
apples
Thomas often describes his body shape as an "apple shape', also known as ______
central-body obesity
starch
composed of amylose. hundreds of glucose molecules
________ is the process that changes the normal shape of a protein and, as a result, the molecule loses its usual function.
denaturation
insulin enables glucose to...
enter most cells
signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia
excessive thirst frequent urination blurred vision poor wound healing
Ketone bodies are the by-products of partial breakdown of ________.
fat
Gluconeogenesis
formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources
alpha cells produce...
glucagon (hormone)
3 most important dietary monosaccharides
glucose fructose galactose
if Erin is following a safe and medically sound weight-loss program to lose 20 pounds, you could conclude that it...
includes regular physical activity
beta cells produce....
insulin (hormone)
Duncan's diet contains high amounts of protein and fat, but it is very low in carbohydrates. As a result of following this diet, Duncan's body forms more ________ than normal.
ketone bodies
condition caused by protein-energy malnutrition and characterized by stunted growth, sparse and brittle hair, patches of skin discoloration, edema and swelling, a distended abdomen, infection, and poor wound healing?
kwashiorkor
3 major dietary disaccharides
maltose (2 glucose) sucrose (1 glucose, 1 fructose) lactose (1 galactose, 1 glucose)
Is fiber digestible in humans?
no, but metabolized through fermentation
monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA)
one double carbon bond
the chemical attraction between the acid group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid can form a _________
peptide bond
what is the major structural component of cell membranes?
phospholipids
oligosaccharides
short chains of 3-10 monosaccharides human digestive system doesn't readily break them down
Carbohydrate absorption occurs almost exclusively in the ________.
small intestine
glycogen
storage form of glucose in liver and muscle
soluble vs insoluble fiber
• Soluble: absorbs water; lower blood cholesterol i. Beans, peas, oats, fruit • Insoluble: doesn't absorb water; softens stool i. Whole grains, nuts, fruits and veggies