NYSTCE English Language Arts

Prominent Medieval literary works include

"Beowulf" and Geoffrey Chaucer's "The Canterbury Tales"

The 5 steps of evaluating reason are:

1. identify the conclusion; 2. identify the stated premise; 3. identify any implied or unstated premise; 4. evaluate whether the premise provides reasonable support for the conclusion; 5.evaluate if the premise is true or false.

The Renaissance literary period in England was

16th and 17th centuries

The Enlightenment is in the ______ Century

18th

The Medieval Period is set in

600 AD to 1500 AD

What words should you underline that will help you in electing the proper response in a multiple-choice questions?

Always, never, sometimes

How can you provide a summary of the text to an individual unfamiliar with the writing?

By explaining the piece in one sentence.

How can visualization help with reading comprehension?

By supporting recall of the text. Visualization creates stronger reading comprehension through images and a movie.

Prominent authors of the Renaissance period are

Christopher Marlowe, Francis Bacon, and William Shakespeare

Jonathan Swift's best known work is

Gulliver's Travels

Why is visualization important?

It creates a more personal connection to the story and makes it easier to understand the text.

What was the main reason that the focus on slavery started?

Lincoln wanted to confiscate property to weaken the South.

In examining author style and language, what is it that you need to already have a working knowledge of?

Literary devices

Gustave Flaubert's most well-known work is

Madame Bovary

How can previewing help you feel connected to the literature?

Previewing allows you to learn about the author and the topic. By doing so, you can connect the author's background and the topic of the story to your own experiences.

What are the elements involved in basic comprehension?

Setting, characters, plot

What should you consider when visualizing?

Tastes, smells, sounds, sights, and feels.

How does the second phase in the literary analysis process differ from the first?

The reader is examining things like literary devices and writing style; the reader is filling in the story gaps; the reader is pulling apart the elements of the plot; and the reader is looking more closely at elements of the story that are implied.

Paraphrasing

The writer has to restate the original material in their own words while still maintaining the main ideas.

What does the last phase of literary analysis involve?

Themes and morals/messages

Why is it important to read a multiple choice test closely for literature?

To engage with the text in order to get a basic understanding.

What does it mean to interpret literature?

To find both the meaning and the significance of the story

Prominent works of the Enlightenment include:

Voltaire's "Candide," Mary Wollstonecraft's "A Vindication on the Rights of Women," and Ben Franklin's "Poor Richard's Almanac"

Key literary figures of the Romantic period are:

William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Blake, John Kets, Jane Austen, the Brontë sisters, Herman Melville, Henry David Thoreau, and Walk Whitman.

Looking at a small passage of text, like the first four lines of Romeo and Juliet, is an example of

a close reading strategy

Romanticism took place in the

19th Century

Janine has to read a chapter per night of a novel for her English class. When should she use visualization as a reading strategy?

Before, during, and after her reading each evening.

What is often considered the first work of English literature?

Beowulf

Prominent Victorian authors include:

Charles Dickens and George Eliot

What is visualization when reading?

Creating pictures in your mind as you read.

What are four very common types of multiple-choice questions used for literature?

Factual, drawing conclusions, analysis, and inference.

Why is finding the gist valuable?

It allows the reader to read things only once and figure out what the author means, which is valuable on timed tests. This information is also more readily sent to long-term memory because you begin to make connections between it and other items you have read.

What literary elements should you focus on when making connections to the text?

Plot, characters, setting, and symbols.

Why is a way to challenge yourself in finding the gist?

Practice the four steps with an unfamiliar subject.

What is the first step for all test-takers when answering multiple-choice questions for literature?

Read and comment on the text title if there is one.

What is the first step in literary analysis?

Reading once for basic understanding.

What is the final step that you should take when interpreting the text?

State the theme of the story and see how it relates to the elements and your experiences.

Fyodor Dostoyevsky's masterpiece is

The Brothers Karamazov

What is the definition of 'gist'?

The main point or essence.

Describing how an author handles a big question or theme throughout a work of literature is an example of

a big picture reading strategy

Neoclassical Period

from mid-17th Century to end of the 18th Century, writers wanted to revive the intellect of the ancient Greek and Romans

What is the order of reading levels?

frustration, instructional, independent

A close reading of the line 'Two households, both alike in dignity,/ In fair Verona, where we lay our scene,' from 'Romeo and Juliet' might include taking a look at:

how the lines connect to the larger story, word choice, rhyme scheme, and the author's intent.

According to Yale psychologist Irving Janis, close-knit groups maintain solidarity by

ignoring dissent.

Postmodernism took place

in the late 20th century and beyond.

insertion

inputting words that are not there

The Renaissance writers embraced

literature as an art form.

A few reasons questions will be asked after a speech:

more information is needed; they need clarification; something was difficult to understand; someone disagrees with you; someone agrees with you

Romantics wrote about

nature and emotions

Flaubert was charged with

obscenity due to the content of his book, Madame Bovary, but he was acquitted.

substitution

occurs when an incorrect word is spoken in place of the written word

The premise is

the argument given to support the claim

Sourcing is important because it

adds credibility and support by incorporating experts and direct quotes; allows the writer to showcase other points of view within a paper; provides the ability to focus and expand upon certain points or explanations

Common Themes of Modernism

art for arts' sake; self-conscious about writing

Inductive Validity

asks us to come up with a reasonable answer from the premise given and evaluate if this is in line with our conclusion.

Group reading inventory

consists of a whole-class activity to give a general idea of the reading level of a specific reading material

which methods rely on a verbal response?

curriculum-based measurements and retelling

formulating answers

developing a set of answers to possible questions

Modernism took place in the

early 20th Century

While deciding on how to approach a battle, an army unit that is exhibiting groupthink might

endanger themselves with a risky but agreed-upon plan.

The Emancipation Proclamation granted

freedom to slaves in rebellious states and the right for these freed slaves to fight in the Union Army.

Plagiarism

is stealing someone else's work and portraying the work as your own.

Victorianism took place in the

late 19th Century

Predicting questions

means to think about questions the audience may have after listening to your speech

curriculum-based measurement (CBM)

measure the number of words a student reads correctly in one minute

A student in a classroom is exhibiting social loafing by

not raising her hand when the teacher asks a question.

A big picture reading of 'Romeo and Juliet' might include exploring:

overarching themes, the author's intent, how small details add up and connect to the larger story, questions like 'fate versus free will'

According to Robert Zajonc's drive theory, a cross country runner might

perform better if he believes the task to be easy.

A way to transmit ideas in writing and to transmit works of art once they've been created was made easier by the invention of the

printing press

To paraphrase effectively:

put the text into your own words; avoid copying the text; rearrange similar text; ask yourself if you included all important points.

comprehension think aloud

requires a student to describe his thoughts as he interacts with the t

Victorian authors focused on

romance (in the sense of love), hard work, and virtue

nonsense word

saying a word that does not exist

The Enlightenment people are really into strict

science, logic, and intellectual discourse.

omission

skipping the word

A professional football player who plays better when his games are nationally televised is exhibiting

social facilitation.

Deductive validity

states that it is impossible for the conclusion to be true if the premise is false.

reversal

switching letters around

The conclusion is

the claim that is given as a reason for believing

A claim includes

the conclusion and the premise

Realism is a movement in which

the goal of showing life as it is

Deconstruction is

the idea that you can look at a work and see all of the inherent contradictions within it and all of the structures that we take for granted that you can actually see as appearing in work after work.

What aspect of literature became prominent during Victorianism?

the novel

Postmodernists believe that

there's no world to break, there is no inherent meaning to lose, things are subjective, there's no central truth, reality is a whole bunch of subjective social contrasts.

One reason that literature did not spread very effectively in the 17th through 19th centuries is

transportation and communication technology was limited.

The Renaissance focused on humanism which is

valuing the dignity of man the joys of society much more than their predecessors.

miscues

verbal reading responses that vary from those expected

retelling

you use how well students describe what they have read

When should you begin to analyze the text?

Analyzing the writing starts before you start to read. Take some time to preview the material and learn about the author.

Why does it matter what literary period a work is written in?

Knowing the time of a work's creation can tell us a lot about the people who wrote and read it; most literature always responds, at least in part, to prevailing cultural trends of its day; and this makes it easier to compare and contrast the work with other texts.

Prevailing postmodern authors include

Kurt Vonnegut, Hunter S. Thompson, Thomas Pynchon, Philip K. Dick, Bret Easton Ellis, and David Foster Wallace.

Major Modernist works of literature

T.S. Eliot "The Waste Land," James Joyce's "Ulysses" and "Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man," Virginia Woolf's "Mrs. Dalloway" and "To the Lighthouse," W.B. Yeats' "The Second Coming"

When answering multiple-choice questions for literature, in what order should the material be read?

The text, the question, the options.

Quotations

This is when a writer uses word-for-word information from a source and gives credit to the original writer.

Examining a poem or play's rhyme scheme is an example of

a close reading strategy

Mock audience

a group of people gathered for the sole purpose of listening to your speech with the intent of finding holes where questions may be asked.

Political satire is

a style of writing in which the author makes jokes designed to get the readers thinking.

Summarizing

when written information is transferred into a writer's own words in a very short summary. It still needs to be attributed to the original source.