OB III T3: Fetal heart

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The fetal heart should occupy approximately ______ of the thoracic cavity.

1/3

Fetal bradycardia is defined as prolonged fetal heart rate less than or equal to ____ BPM

100

The normal fetal heart rate is generally between:

120-160

Fetal tachycardia is defined as a heart rate over _____ beats per minute.

180

The average cardiac axis is ____ degrees.

45

What abnormality is a communication between the right and left atrium that persists after birth?

Atrial septal defect

Which heart rate is associated with fetal asphyxia?

Below 80

When fetal pleural effusion is encountered, a careful search of the _____ the should be attempted.

Diaphragm

The visulization of the fetal stomach within the fetal chest is most indicastive of:

Diaphragmatic hernia

Which structure is refered to as having a "Hockey stick" appearance?

Ductal arch

Blood is shunted into the inferior vena cava from the umbilical vein by what structure?

Ductus venosus

Sonographic findings for hypoplastic right heart, absent or very small left ventricle. T/F

False

The aortic arch has a hockey stick appearance.

False

What is the most commonly acquired image of the fetal heart?

Four chamber view

The normal fetal lungs appear on ultrasound as?

Homogeneous and moderately more echogenic than the liver

Herniation through the foramen of Bochdalek is usually found on which one of the following portions of the diaphragm?

Left

In utero, the foramen ovale opens toward the:

Left atrium

Which section of the heart is closest to the fetal spine?

Left atrium

An echogenic intracardiac focus is most often seen within the:

Left ventricle

Tetralogy of fallot consists of all of the following except: -stenosis -ventricular septal defect -left ventricular hypertrophy -overriding aortic root

Left ventricular hypertrophy

Which outflow tract gives rise to the aorta?

Left ventricular outflow tract

Which type of imaging is used to evaluate cardiac motion?

M-mode

What lies between the left atrium and the left ventricle?

Mitral valve

Oxygenated blood from ___ enters the fetus through the ____.

Placenta/umbilical vein

The accumulation of fluid around the lungs is termed:

Pleural effusion

The sonographic "bat wing" sign is indicative of:

Pleural effusion

Describe transposition of the great vessels

The aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle.

Which of the following is a true statement about the fetal heart? -the apex of the heart will be angled to the right of mildline -the apex of the heart is the potion closest to the spine -the normal fetal heart will fill approxamately 2/3 the fetal chest -the chamber closest to the fetal spine is the left atrium

The chamber closest to the fetal spine is the left atrium

The aorta is connected to the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery is connected to the left ventricle in what condition?

Transposition of the great vessels

An echogenic intracardiac focus is often seen in cases of:

Trisomy 21

Ectopia Cordis is defined as all of part the heart is located outside the chest cavity. T/F

True

__________ of the cord may be formed when a loop of cord is slipped over the fetal head and shoulders during delivery.

True knots

The most common defect postnatally is:

Ventricular septal defect

Which one of the following congenital lesions of the heart is the most common? -secundum atrial spetal defect -ventricular septal defect -pulmonary stenosis -coarctation of the aorta

Ventricular septal defect

The embryonic heart begins to beat at the ____ week.

fifth

The division of the heart into four chambers occurs during the ____ and ___ weeks of fetal development.

fourth; fifth


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